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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in developing countries

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第24期11卷 3808-3809页

作者： Hossein Bahrami department of epidemiology

TO THE EDITORNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly known medical entity with high prevalence, about 1 0 to 24 percent in general population and up to 74% in obese population[1]. The prevalence of the disease is expected to increase worldwide, as we are encountering the global obesity epidemic and the trend in developing countries toward the Western lifestyles. However, it looks that there are some differences between the demographic and epidemiologic features of NAFLD in developing and developed countries.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver Developing countries

Relationship between ERCC2 Polymorphism and Risk of Lung Cancer in Chinese Nonsmoker

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2007年第3期19卷 184-188页

作者：尹智华李鸣川崔泽实何钦成周宝森 department of epidemiology China Medical University

Objective： Excision repair cross-complimentary group 2 （ERCC2） is one of the important DNA repair genes. ERCC2 codon 751 polymorphism has been shown to modulate cancer risk. We therefore assessed the relationship between the ERCC2 polymorphism and the susceptibility to lung cancer in nonsmoking females via a hospital-based case-control study. Methods： There were 105 lung cancer cases and matched healthy controls in this study. Information concerning demographic and risk factors was obtained, each person donated 2 ml blood for biomarker testing. ERCC2 genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP method. All of the statistical analyses were performed with SPSS （v 12.0）. Results： All of the subjects in this study were nonsmoking females in Shenyang. There was significant difference between the frequencies of ERCC2 polymorphism in cancer cases and controls （P〈0.05）. The frequencies of ERCC2 751 Gin allele were 6.2% in controls and 13.8% in cancer cases. The individuals with Lys/Gln＋Gln/Gln combined genotype were at an increased risk for lung cancer as compared with those carrying the Lys/Lys genotype （adjusted OR=2.80, 95%=CI 1.21-6.48）. We analyzed the environmental risk factors for lung cancer in nonsmoking females. The cancer patients showed a higher prevalence of exposure to cooking fumes compared with controls （OR=2.44, P〈0.05）. Furthermore, an interaction between exposure to cooking fumes and the variant ERCC2 751 Gin allele on the risk of lung cancer was observed. Individuals with both risk genotype and exposure to cooking fumes had a higher risk of cancer than those with only one of them. Conclusion： The above findings indicate that the genetic polymorphism in the ERCC2 codon 751 is associated with the risk of lung cancer in nonsmoking females.

关键词： ERCC2 gene Lung cancer Nonsmoker

Role of nuclear receptor NR4A2 in gastrointestinal inflammation and cancers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第47期18卷 6865-6873页

作者： Yi-Fang Han Guang-Wen Cao department of epidemiology Second Military Medical University

NR4A2 is a transcription factor belonging to the steroid orphan nuclear receptor *** was originally considered to be essential in the generation and maintenance of dopaminergic neurons,and associated with neurological disorders such as Parkinson's ***,NR4A2 has been found to play a critical role in some inflammatory diseases and ***4A2 can be efficiently trans-activated by some proinflammatory cytokines,such as tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1β,and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).The nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway serves as a principal regulator of inducible NR4A expression in immune ***4A2 can trans-activate Foxp3,a hallmark specifically expressed in regulatory T(Treg) cells,and plays a critical role in the differentiation,maintenance,and function of Treg ***4A2 in T lymphocytes is pivotal for Treg cell induction and suppression of aberrant induction of Th1 under physiological and pathological *** density of Foxp3 + Treg cells is significantly associated with gastrointestinal inflammation,tumor immune escape,and disease ***4A2 is produced at high levels in CD133 + colorectal carcinoma(CRC) cells and significantly upregulated by cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostaglandin E 2 in a cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)/protein kinase A(PKA)-dependent manner in CRC *** cAMP/PKA signaling pathway is the common pathway of NR4A2-related inflammation and ***4A2 trans-activates osteopontin,a direct target of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway associated with CRC invasion,metastasis,and poor *** of endogenous NR4A2 expression attenuates VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation,migration and in vivo *** together,NR4A2 emerges as an important nuclear factor linking gastrointestinal inflammation and cancer,especially CRC,and should serve as a candidate therapeutic target for inflammation-related gastrointestinal cancer.

关键词： NR4A2 Inflammation Immune cells Signaling pathway Gastrointestinal carcinoma

Fish sauce and gastric cancer:an ecological study in Fujian Province,China

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第5期6卷 671-675页

作者： Lin Cai Shun Zhang Yu Wei Min Ye Ying Nan Yi department of epidemiology Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350004China department of epidemiology Shanghai Medical UniversityShanghai 200032China

AIM To explore the relationship betweenconsumption of fish sauce and the risk of gastriccancer in Fujian *** An ecological study was carriedout.A total of 11000 subjects from 55 townshipswere randomly selected from 10 counties withinFujian *** subjects were localresidents who had been living in Fujian Provincefor more than 20 years,within the age group of45-74 *** interviewers conductedface-to-face interviews with a standardizedquestionnaire,which covered the frequency andamount of food intake,dietary habit,tobaccoand alcohol consumption and history of chronicgastric *** and multivariateanalyses were performed using Epi-info and SASstatistical packages,*** A significant correlation betweenmonthly consumption of fish sauce and mortalityof gastric cancer was ***’scoefficient of correlation was statisticallysignificant with r=0.7356 for males,r=0.5246for females(P<0.01).In the multivariateanalysis,consumption of fish sauce still showedan association with the risk of gastric *** significant positive correlation betweenesophagus cancer,liver cancer,colon cancerand consumption of fish sauce were *** Long-term intake of fish saucemay be related to high mortality of *** of fish sauce might be oneof important and unique etiologic factors ofgastric cancer in Fujian *** are needed to confirm this ecologicalstudy.

关键词： stomach neoplasm/etiology food habits risk factors nit rosamines epidemiology fish products fish sauce carcinogens

Genetic and environmental risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma

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Chinese Medical Journal 2004年第5期117卷 706-710页

作者：范宝剑梁旭辉汪宁林顺潮刘瑶谭霭仙彭智培 department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences department of epidemiology & Biostatistics department of Ophthalmology

Background Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is characterized by optic nerve damage and consists of a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders. This study was to investigate the associations of genetic and environmental factors with POAG in a hospital-based Chinese population Methods Thirty-two adult onset POAG patients and 96 age-sex matched control subjects were studied by multivariable logistic regression analysis for the relationships between POAG and its risk factors including family history, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and polymorphisms of the myocilin and the optineurin genes Results Univariate analysis showed that POAG was related to family history, cardiovascular disease, alcohol consumption and a myocilin sequence alteration (T353I) ( P <0 04) Multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed that POAG was significantly associated with family history ( OR =20 2), hypertension ( OR =3 58), cigarette smoking ( OR =10 8), alcohol consumption ( OR =0 028) and T353I ( OR =6 03, all P <0 05) Conclusions Family history, hypertension, cigarette smoking and T353I in the myocilin gene are risk factors for POAG Alcohol consumption, however, has a protective effect

关键词： glaucoma open-angle · risk factors · genes

Assessment of quality of life for the patients with cervical cancer at different clinical stages

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2013年第5期32卷 275-282页

作者： Yao Xie Fang-Hui Zhao Si-Han Lu He Huang Xiong-Fei Pan Chun-Xia Yang You-Lin Qiao department of epidemiology West China Public Health School Sichuan University department of epidemiology Cancer Institute/Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

With improved overall survival of cervical cancer patients, the importance of the quality of life (QOL) is increasingly recognized. This study was conducted to compare the QOL of women with different stage cervical cancer before and after treatment to facilitate improved cervical cancer prevention and treatment. We used the generic Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (MOS SF-36) to collect QOL information. Based on SF-36, we interviewed cervical cancer patients at West China Second Affiliated Hospital and Sichuan Cancer Hospital between May 2010 and January 2011. A total of 92 patients with precancerous lesions, 93 with early cancer, and 35 with advanced cancer responded to our survey. Average physical component summary (PCS) scores were significantly different between the three groups at every time point (P < 0.05). Average mental component summary (MCS) scores were significantly different between the three groups after treatment (P < 0.05). Average PCS and MCS scores increased gradually from the pretreatment to posttreatment period for patients with precancerous lesions. However, they reached the lowest at 1 month after treatment for patients with early and advanced cancers and rebounded between 1 and 6 months after treatment. Our results indicate that patients with precancerous lesions and early cervical cancer show better overall QOL than do those with advanced cervical cancer. Additionally, patients with early cancer recover more quickly than do those with advanced cancer in terms of both physical and mental functions. Thus, early detection and treatment initiatives may improve the QOL for patients with precancerous lesions and cervical cancer.

关键词：子宫颈癌癌症患者生活质量质量评估临床肿瘤医院中国西部精神功能

Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of gastric cancer in Changle County,Fujian Province,China

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第3期6卷 374-376页

作者： Lin Cai Shun Zhang Yu Zuo Feng Zhang department of epidemiology Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350004Fujian ProvinceChina department of epidemiology Shanghai Medical UniversityShanghai 200032China department of epidemiology UCLA School of Public HealthLos Angeles CaliforniaUSA

AIM To evaluate the effects of Helicobacterpylori infection and other environmental factorson the development of gastric *** A population-based case-controlstudy was conducted in Changle County,*** primary gastric cancer cases werehistologically confirmed or diagnosed by surgerybetween,January 1996 and March *** were randomly selected and matched byage,sex,and neighborhood of *** of 101 pairs were included in the *** trained interviewers conducted face-to-face interviews with the subjects according toa standardized *** infections were measured by serum IgGantibody to Helicobacter *** Regression analysis was *** The presence of IgG antibody toHelicobacter pylori was 63.7% in studysubjects,56.0% in patients with cardiac cancer,and 60.5% in patients with non-cardiac *** risk factors of gastric cancer inChangle County were identified such as loweducational level[OR=3.864;95% confidenceinterval(95% CI)1.604-9.311],lowconsumption of fresh vegetables(OR=4.925;95%Cl 1.356-17.885),high intake of fish sauce(OR=10.587;95% Cl 2.821-39.738),unscheduled meals(OR=4.254;95%Cl 1.445- 12.552),and Helicobacter pylori infection(OR=3.453;95%Cl 0.901-13.224).CONCLUSION Helicobacter pylori infectionmay be important in the etiology of gastriccancer,but major risk factors other thanHelicobacter pylori are responsible for the highgastric morbidity in Changle County.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori stomach neoplasm risk factors case control studies

Importance must be attached to correcting unhealthy lifestyles in prevention and control of hypertension

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2019年第3期16卷 176-177页

作者： Zhao-Su WU department of epidemiology Beijing Anzhen Hospital

On the macro level,the ‘2018 Chinese Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension’[1] provides a detailed overview on the population strategies for hypertension prevention as well as the principles and methods of community standardized management for hypertension control,with particular emphasis on the significance of correcting unhealthy lifestyles for the prevention and control of hypertension and its complications.?

关键词： Hypertension treatment Lifestyle modification Unhealthy lifestyles

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第21期20卷 6457-6469页

作者： Ji Lin Jian-Feng Wu Qi Zhang Hong-Wei Zhang Guang-Wen Cao department of epidemiology Second Military Medical University

Chronic infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the major causes of cirrhosis globally. It takes 10-20 years to progress from viral hepatitis to cirrhosis. Intermediately active hepatic inflammation caused by the infections contributes to the inflammation-necrosis-regeneration process, ultimately cirrhosis. CD8+ T cells and NK cells cause liver damage via targeting the infected hepatocytes directly and releasing pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokines. Hepatic stellate cells play an active role in fibrogenesis via secreting fibrosis-related factors. Under the inflammatory microenvironment, the viruses experience mutation-selection-adaptation to evade immune clearance. However, immune selection of some HBV mutations in the evolution towards cirrhosis seems different from that towards hepatocellular carcinoma. As viral replication is an important driving force of cirrhosis pathogenesis, antiviral treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogs is generally effective in halting the progression of cirrhosis, improving liver function and reducing the morbidity of decompensated cirrhosis caused by chronic HBV infection. Interferon-α plus ribavirin and/or the direct acting antivirals such as Vaniprevir are effective for compensated cirrhosis caused by chronic HCV infection. The standard of care for the treatment of HCV-related cirrhosis with interferon-α plus ribavirin should consider the genotypes of IL-28B. Understanding the mechanism of fibrogenesis and hepatocyte regeneration will facilitate the development of novel therapies for decompensated cirrhosis.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Evolution Immune cells Signaling pathway Hepatic stellate cells Antiviral therapy