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抗生素、肾素．血管紧张素系统阻滞剂与猝死：是否存在值得关注的因果关系？

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英国医学杂志中文版 2015年第1期18卷 4-6页

作者： Mahyar Etminan James M Brophy 江伟杜斌 department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Therapeutic Evaluation Unit Child & Family Research Institute of British Columbia Ag- 198 WS 2709-650 West 28th Avenue Vancouver BC Canada department of medicine Epidemiology and Biostatistics McGill University Montreal Canada 北京协和医院重症医学科

在老年患者中，多达10％的人院可能与药物不良反应有关。其中相当一部分涉及药物相互作用。一般而言，关于药物相互作用的信息质量较低，通常是零星的病例报告或者小样本非对照病例研究，因此其临床意义具有很大的不确定性。近年来，一... 详细信息

在老年患者中，多达10％的人院可能与药物不良反应有关。其中相当一部分涉及药物相互作用。一般而言，关于药物相互作用的信息质量较低，通常是零星的病例报告或者小样本非对照病例研究，因此其临床意义具有很大的不确定性。近年来，一些大型管理性数据库与健康结局数据相关联，使得研究者能够更好地定量分析药物相互作用，并检验药物相互作用对罹患率和病死率的影响。

关键词：血管紧张素抗生素阻断剂肾素系统猝死

Molecular epidemiology and putative origin of hepatitis C virus in random volunteers from Argentina

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第35期19卷 5813-5827页

作者： Noemí del Pino José Raúl Oubia Francisco Rodríguez-Frías Juan Ignacio Esteban María Buti Teresa Otero Josep Gregori Damir García-Cehic Silvia Camos María Cubero Rosario Casillas Jaume Guàrdia Rafael Esteban Josep Quer Apunlab Laboratories Institute of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology (IMPAM) UBA-CONICET Department of MicrobiologyParasitology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Buenos Aires CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) del Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ and Biochemistry Department Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebrón (HUVH) CIBERehd del Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ Autonomous University of Barcelona and Liver Unit Internal Medicine Lab. Malalties Hepatiques Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebrón (HUVH) Unitat de Diagnostic Molecular HUVH Liver Unit Internal medicine Lab Malalties Hepatiques VHIR-HUVH Roche Diagnostics SL CIBERehd del Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ Liver Unit Internal Medicine Lab MalaltiesHepatiques VHIR-HUVH Liver Unit and Biochemistry department HUVH

AIM:To study the subtype prevalence and the phylogenetic relatedness of hepatitis C virus(HCV)sequences obtained from the Argentine general population,a large cohort of individuals was ***:Healthy Argentinian volunteers(n=6251)from 12 provinces representing all geographical regions of the country were *** parents or legal guardians of individuals younger than 18 years provided informed written consent for *** corresponding written permission from all municipal authorities was obtained from each city or town where subjects were to be *** RNA reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced and phylogenetically *** 5’untranslated region(5’UTR)was used for RNA detection and initial genotype *** NS5B polymerase region,encompassing nt 8262-8610,was used for ***:An unexpectedly low prevalence of HCV infection in the general population(0.32%)was *** data contrasted with previous studies that reported rates ranging from 1.5%to 2.5%,mainly performed in selected populations of blood donors or vulnerable *** latter values are in keeping with the prevalence reported by the 2007 Argentinian HCV Consensus(approximately 2%).HCV subtypes weredistributed as follows:1a(25%),1b(25%),2c(25%),3a(5%),and 2j(5%).Two isolates ascribed either to genotype 1(5%)or to genotype 3(5%)by 5’UTR phylogenetic analysis could not be *** 1a sequences comprised a highly homogeneous population and clustered with United States ***1b sequences represented a heterogeneous population,suggesting that this genotype might have been introduced from different *** subtype 2c sequences clustered close to the 2c reported from Italy and Southern ***:HCV has a low prevalence of 0.32%in the studied general population of *** pattern of HCV introduction and transmission in Argentina appears to be a consequence of multiple events and different

关键词： Hepatitis C virus NS5B subtyping Molecular epidemiology Hepatitis C virus Argentina Hepatitis C virus 5’ untranslated region

卫生系统知证政策指导：评估对研究证据的信心

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中国循证医学杂志 2014年第7期14卷 789-794页

作者： Simon Lewin Xavier Bosch-Capblanch Sandy Oliver Elie A.Akl Gunn E.Vist John N.Lavis Davina Ghersi John-Arne Rottingen Peter Steinmann Metin Gulmezoglu Peter Tugwell Fadi ElJardali Andy Haines 王小琴(译) 王琪(译) 陈耀龙(审校) 杨克虎(审校) Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services OsloNorwayand Health Systems Research UnitMedical Research Council of South AfricaCape TownSouth Africa Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Baseland University of BaselBaselSwitzerland EPPI-Centre Social Science Research UnitInstitute of EducationLondonUnited Kingdom department of medicine State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNew YorkUnited States of Americaand Department of Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services OsloNorway McMaster Health Forum Centre for Health Economics and Policy AnalysisDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatisticsand Department of Political ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada department of Research Policy and Cooperation Informationl Evidence and ResearchWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services OsloNorway Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland UNDP/UNFPA/WHO/World Bank Special Programmer of Research Development and Research Training in Human ReproductionWorld Health OrganizationSwitzerland department of medicine Institute of Population Healthand Department of Epidemiology and Community MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada department of Health Policy and Management American University of BeirutBeirutLebanonand McMaster Health ForumMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada departments of Social and Environmental Health Research and of Nutrition and Public Health Research London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom 兰州大学循证医学中心/中国GRADE中心兰州大学基础医学院兰州730000 甘肃省循证医学与临床转化重点实验室兰州730000

本文是《PLoS medicine》关于卫生系统知证政策指导三篇系列文章的第三篇,阐述了应如何将证据转化为指导,以形成卫生系统政策,并促进临床和公共卫生干预的实施。其要点如下:①评估不同类型研究证据是决定解决卫生系统问题的政策方案的关... 详细信息

本文是《PLoS medicine》关于卫生系统知证政策指导三篇系列文章的第三篇,阐述了应如何将证据转化为指导,以形成卫生系统政策,并促进临床和公共卫生干预的实施。其要点如下:①评估不同类型研究证据是决定解决卫生系统问题的政策方案的关键;②鉴于许多卫生系统干预的复杂性,系统透明的评价方法尤为重要;③当前有不少好的工具可用于评价对支持政策制定各阶段不同类型的研究证据的信心,其中评价关于效果的证据最多;④我们需要制定工具来帮助评价其他关键因素的系统评价证据,如政策方案对于利益相关者的可接受性、实施可行性及公平性;⑤还需要进一步研究全球卫生系统指导政策方案的制定、构建及呈现方法。

关键词：卫生系统评价证据政策指导信心评估利益相关者 PLoS 卫生干预

知证卫生决策工具之十八--制定政策监测和评估计划

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中国循证医学杂志 2010年第5期10卷 539-544页

作者： Atle Fretheim Andrew D Oxman John N Lavis Simon Lewin 杨晓妍(译) 李鸿浩李幼平(总审校) Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services P.O. Box 7004 St. Olavs plass N-0130 Oslo Norway Section for International Health Institute of General Practice and Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Norway Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services P.O. Box 7004 St. Olavs plass N-0130 0slo Norway Centre-for Health Economics and Policy Analysis Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Political Science McMaster University 1200 Main St. West HSC-2D3 Hamilton ON Canada L8N 3Z5 Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services P.O. Box 7004 St. Olavs plass N-0130 Oslo Norway Health Systems Research Unit Medical Research Council of South Africa 不详

"监测"一词常用于描述这样的过程,即系统地收集数据以告知决策者、管理者及其他利益相关者一项新政策或规划的实施是否符合其预期。出于监测的目的而使用指标作出相关判断,如是否达到预期目标,或是否恰当地使用所分配的资金。有时"评估... 详细信息

"监测"一词常用于描述这样的过程,即系统地收集数据以告知决策者、管理者及其他利益相关者一项新政策或规划的实施是否符合其预期。出于监测的目的而使用指标作出相关判断,如是否达到预期目标,或是否恰当地使用所分配的资金。有时"评估"一词可与"监测"一词互换,但前者常更强调结果的获得。当使用"效果评估"一词时,常指特别尝试设法去确定观察到的结果变化是否可归因于特定的政策或规划。我们在本文中提出能用于指导政策或规划监测与评估的四个问题:①是否有必要监测?②应测量什么?③是否应开展效果评估?④如何进行效果评估?

关键词：效果评估监测卫生决策十八工具利益相关者管理者

Interaction of Diet/Lifestyle Intervention and TCF7L2 Genotype on Glycemic Control and Adiposity among Overweight or Obese Adults:Big Data from Seven Randomized Controlled Trials Worldwide

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Health Data Science 2021年第1期2021卷 174-183页

作者： Tao Huang Zhenhuang Zhuang Yoriko Heianza Dianjianyi Sun Wenjie Ma Wenxiu Wang Meng Gao Zhe Fang Emilio Ros Liana C.Del Gobbo Jordi Salas-Salvadó Miguel A.Martínez-González Jan Polak Markku Laakso Arne Astrup Dominique Langin Jorg Hager Gabby Hul Torben Hansen Oluf Pedersen Jean-Michel Oppert Wim H.M.Saris Peter Arner Montserrat Cofán Sujatha Rajaram Jaakko Tuomilehto Jaana Lindström Vanessa D.de Mello Alena Stancacova Matti Uusitupa Mathilde Svendstrup Thorkild I.A.Sørensen Christopher D.Gardner Joan Sabaté Dolores Corella J.Alfredo Martinez Lu Qi department of epidemiology&Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityChina department of Global Health School of Public HealthPeking UniversityChina Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences Ministry of Education China Global Health Institute Peking university China department of epidemiology School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineTulane UniversityNew OrleansLAUSA department of Nutrition Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA department of Endocrinology&Nutrition Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi SunyerHospital ClínicBarcelonaSpain CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición(CIBERobn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)MadridSpain Stanford Prevention Research Center Stanford UniversityStanford CAUSA Human Nutrition Unit Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesPere Virgili Health Research InstituteRovira i Virgili UniversityReusSpain university of Navarra Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthMedical School&IDISNAPamplonaSpain department for the Study of Obesity and Diabetes Third Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic department of medicine University of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland university of Copenhagen Department of NutritionExercise and SportsFaculty of ScienceCopenhagenDenmark Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche Médicale(Inserm) UMR1048Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular DiseasesUniversity of Toulouse and Paul Sabatier UniversityToulouseFrance NestléInstitute of Health Sciences LausanneSwitzerland department of Human Biology NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtNetherlands Section of Metabolic Genetics Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Sorbonne Université Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition(ICAN)Department of NutritionPitié-Salpêtrière HospitalAssistance Publique-

*** strongest locus which associated with type 2 diabetes(T2D)by the common variant rs7903146 is the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene(TCF7L2).We aimed to quantify the interaction of diet/lifestyle interventions and the genetic effect of TCF7L2 rs7903146 on glycemic traits,body weight,or waist circumference in overweight or obese adults in several randomized controlled trials(RCTs).*** October 2016 to May 2018,a large collaborative analysis was performed by pooling individualparticipant data from 7 *** RCTs reported changes in glycemic control and adiposity of the variant rs7903146 after dietary/lifestyle-related interventions in overweight or obese *** treatment interaction models which used the genetic effect encoded by the allele dose and common covariates were applicable to individual participant data in all *** the joint analysis,a total of 7 eligible RCTs were included(n=4,114).Importantly,we observed a significant effect modification of diet/lifestyle-related interventions on the TCF7L2 variant rs7903146 and changes in fasting *** with the control group,diet/lifestyle interventions were related to lower fasting glucose by-3.06(95%CI,-5.77 to-0.36)mg/dL(test for heterogeneity and overall effect:I^(2)=45:1%,p<0:05;z=2:20,p=0:028)per one copy of the TCF7L2 T risk ***,regardless of genetic risk,diet/lifestyle interventions were associated with lower waist ***,there was no significant change for diet/lifestyle interventions in other glycemic control and adiposity traits per one copy of TCF7L2 risk *** findings suggest that carrying the TCF7L2 T risk allele may have a modestly greater benefit for specific diet/lifestyle interventions to improve the control of fasting glucose in overweight or obese adults.

关键词： TCF7L2 weight finding

Patient Safety Attitudes, Skills, Knowledge and Barriers Related to Reporting Medical Errors by Nursing Students

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International Journal of Clinical medicine 2017年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Hamid Safarpour Maryam Tofighi Leila Malekyan Jafar Bazyar Saeideh Varasteh Rahman Anvary department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies School of Health Safety and Environment Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Accredidation and Quality Improvement Committee Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Ardestan Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran department of Nursing School of Nursing and Midwifery Bam University of Medical Sciences Bam Iran department of epidemiology School of Public Health Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran department of Nursing School of Nursing and Midwifery Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran department of Nursing Faculty of Medical Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran

Introduction: Health care system structure is prone to human error. Medical errors are one of the major challenges that health systems in all countries are grappling with to minimize and reduce the damage caused by them. The aim of this study was to assess the Patient Safety Attitudes, Skills, Knowledge and Barriers Related to Reporting Medical Errors by Nursing Students in Ilam, Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional mixed method was conducted to this study. Sampling was conducted by census of all students entering nursing criteria in Ilam in 2016. A number of 140 students participated in this study. The tool used in this study was created by Schnall et al. that measures knowledge, attitudes and skills related to medical errors reporting. Data were analyzed with t test, regression and correlation coefficients and descriptive statistical methods. Results: The results showed that nursing students had a positive attitude with respect to the reporting of medical errors (p = 0.01). They also have the low knowledge to medical errors and reporting them. There were significant differences in all groups and subgroups of knowledge, attitude, and skills (except creating of safety culture subgroup) between the two group’s students. Moreover, the main reason for not reporting was the lack of knowledge and fear of punishment. Conclusions: The results of this study help those who involve in the health care system to improve patient safety and improve the process of reporting medical errors by nursing students’ participation in the process of reporting error, while improving knowledge and attitudes through nursing education with the effective educational models. As a result, there is a need to educate students on reporting systems.

关键词： Medical Error Reporting Error Nursing Students Barriers Ilam

epidemiology of tuberculosis in Sabah, Malaysia, 2012–2018

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第4期9卷 165-165页

作者： Michelle May D.Goroh Giri Shan Rajahram Richard Avoi Christel H.A.Van Den Boogaard Timothy William Anna P.Ralph Christopher Lowbridge TB/Leprosy Control Unit Sabah State Health DepartmentKota KinabaluMalaysia faculty of medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Malaysia SabahKota KinabaluMalaysia Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kota KinabaluMalaysia Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinAustralia Infectious Diseases Society of Kota Kinabalu Kota KinabaluMalaysia Gleneagles Hospital Kota KinabaluMalaysia Division of medicine Royal Darwin HospitalDarwinAustralia

Background Tuberculosis(TB)is of high public health importance in *** State,located on the island of Borneo,has previously reported a particularly high burden of disease and faces unique contextual challenges compared with peninsular *** aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of TB in Sabah to identify risk groups and hotspots of TB *** We conducted a retrospective review of TB cases notified in Sabah,Malaysia,between 2012 and *** data from the state’s‘myTB’notification database,we calculated the case notification rate and described trends in the epidemiology,diagnostic practices and treatment outcomes of TB in Sabah within this *** Chi-squared test was used for determining the difference between two *** Between 2012 and 2018 there were 33193 cases of TB reported in Sabah(128 cases per 100000 population).We identified several geographic hotspots,including districts with>200 cases per 100000 population per *** rates increased with age and were highest in older ***<15 years accounted for only 4.6%of *** or advanced disease on chest X-ray and sputum smear positivity was high(58 and 81%of cases respectively),suggesting frequent late ***-drug resistant(MDR)TB prevalence was low(0.3%of TB cases),however,rapid diagnostic test coverage was low(1.2%)and only 18%of all cases had a positive culture *** success was 83%(range:81–85%)in those with drug-sensitive TB and 36%(range:25–45%)in cases of *** Between 2012 and 2018,TB notifications in Sabah State equated to 20%of Malaysia’s total TB notifications,despite Sabah representing only 10%of Malaysia’s *** found hotspots of TB in urbanised population hubs and points of migration,as well as evidence of late presentation and *** universal health coverage and expansion of GeneXpert®coverage is recommended to reduce barriers to care and early diagnosis and treatment fo

关键词： Tuberculosis epidemiology Surveillance Sabah Malaysia

Assessing the quality of studies in meta-analyses: Advantages and limitations of the Newcastle ottawa Scale

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2017年第4期5卷 80-84页

作者： Claudio Luchini Brendon Stubbs Marco Solmi Nicola Veronese department of Diagnostics and Public Health University and Hospital Trust of Verona Surgical Pathology Unit Santa Chiara Hospital Physiotherapy department South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Health Service and Population Research department Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London faculty of Health Social Care and Education Anglia Ruskin University department of Neurosciences University of Padova Nicola Veronese Institute for Clinical Research and Education in Medicine IREM National Research Council Neuroscience Institute Aging Branch

One of the most important points in the meta-analyses is certainly represented by the assessment of the quality of the studies included in such research. The meta-analyses are considered the highest level of evidence in science. Also for this reason, the quality of the studies included should be accurately evaluated by standardized tools. The overall results of the metaanalysis depend indeed also on a rigorous evaluation of the studies quality. Among all the possible tools for this complex evaluation, the Newcastle ottawa Scale(NOS) is one of the most used worldwide, above all for observational studies. In this review, we will discuss the strengths and limitation of the NOS, also on the basis of the branch of science in which it has been applied.

关键词： Quality Meta-analysis Newcastle ottawa Scale

Identifying the impediments and enablers of ecohealth for a case study on health and environmental sanitation in Hà Nam, Vietnam

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 325-337页

作者： Vi Nguyen Hung Nguyen-Viet Phuc Pham-Duc Craig Stephen Scott A McEwen department of Population medicine Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of Guelph2509 Stewart Building(#45)Guelph N1G 2W1ONCanada Public Health Risk Sciences Division Laboratory for Foodborne ZoonosesPublic Health Agency of Canada160 Research LaneUnit 206GuelphON N1G 5B2Canada Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research Hanoi School of Public Health(HSPH)138 Giang Vo StreetHanoiVietnam Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute(Swiss TPH) and International Livestock Research Institute(ILRI)Socinstrasse 57CH-4002 BaselSwitzerland and HanoiVietnam Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology(ESWAG) Sandec–Department of Water and Sanitation in Developing CountriesP.O.BoxCH-8600DübendorfSwitzerland department of Ecosystem and Public Health Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CalgaryTRW 2D263280 Hospital DriveNWCalgaryAlberta T2N 4Z6Canada Centre for Coastal Health 900 Fifth StreetNanaimoBritish Columbia V9R 5S5Canada

Background:To date,research has shown an increasing use of the term“ecohealth”in literature,but few researchers have explicitly described how it has been *** investigated a project on health and environmental sanitation(the conceptual framework of which included the pillars of ecohealth)to identify the impediments and enablers of ecohealth and investigate how it can move from concept to ***:A case study approach was *** interview questions were centred on the nature of interactions and the sharing of information between ***:The analysis identified nine impediments and 15 enablers of *** themes relating to impediments,in particular-integration is not clear,don’t understand,and limited participation-related more directly to the challenges in applying the ecohealth pillars of transdisciplinarity and *** themes relating to enablers-awareness and understanding,capacity development,and interactions-facilitated usage of the research *** extracting information on the environmental,social,economic,and health aspects of environmental sanitation,we found that the issue spanned multiple scales and ***:The challenge of how to integrate these aspects should be considered at the design stage and throughout the research *** recommend that ecohealth research teams include a self-investigation of their processes in order to facilitate a comparison of moving from concept to practice,which may offer insights into how to evaluate the process.

关键词： Ecohealth Evaluation Health Sanitation Case study Vietnam