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Two-Stream Approximation to the Radiative Transfer Equation:A New Improvement and Comparative Accuracy with Existing Methods

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： F.Momo TEMGOUA L.Akana NGUIMDO DNJOMO environmental Energy Technologies Laboratory(EETL) Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon department of Electrical and Electronic engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

Mathematical modeling of the interaction between solar radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is formalized by the radiative transfer equation(RTE), whose resolution calls for two-stream approximations among other methods. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of the RTE with the development of the phase function and the intensity into a third-order series of Legendre polynomials. This new approach, which adds one more term in the expression of the intensity and the phase function, allows in the conditions of a plane parallel atmosphere a new mathematical formulation of γparameters. It is then compared to the Eddington, Hemispheric Constant, Quadrature, Combined Delta Function and Modified Eddington, and second-order approximation methods with reference to the Discrete Ordinate(Disort) method(δ –128 streams), considered as the most precise. This work also determines the conversion function of the proposed New Method using the fundamental definition of two-stream approximation(F-TSA) developed in a previous work. Notably,New Method has generally better precision compared to the second-order approximation and Hemispheric Constant methods. Compared to the Quadrature and Eddington methods, New Method shows very good precision for wide domains of the zenith angle μ 0, but tends to deviate from the Disort method with the zenith angle, especially for high values of optical thickness. In spite of this divergence in reflectance for high values of optical thickness, very strong correlation with the Disort method(R ≈ 1) was obtained for most cases of optical thickness in this study. An analysis of the Legendre polynomial series for simple functions shows that the high precision is due to the fact that the approximated functions ameliorate the accuracy when the order of approximation increases, although it has been proven that there is a limit order depending on the function from which the precision is lost. This observation indicates that increasing the order of app

关键词： Radiative Transfer Equation two-stream method Legendre polynomial optical thickness moments of specific intensity conversion function transmittance reflectance

Coupling metal-organic frameworks and wood-based carbon for water remediation

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5661-5669页

作者： Akhter Zia Manish Neupane Aidan McGlone Rui He Ruikun Xin Yifeng Liu Qiangu Yan Jinwu Wang Ling Li Zhiyong Cai Pei Dong Yingchao Yang department of Mechanical engineering University of MaineOronoME 04469USA department of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA department of Mechanical engineering George Mason UniversityFairfaxVA 22030USA department of Civil and environmental engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA Forest Products Laboratory USDAMadisonWI 53726USA School of Forestry Resources University of MaineOronoME 04469USA

Fresh and clean water is highly demanded throughout the *** effectively address the need,nanomaterials enabled nanotechnology has been explored as a means of more efficient,reliable,and environmentally friendly approach towards water treatment *** concern in adopting nanomaterials is how to retrieve them from water body to avoid secondary *** this work,the earth abundant and sustainable wood,e.g.,basswood,was selected and carbonized into porous carbon as host skeleton,and metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),e.g.,MOF-199 with extremely high surface area,were grown throughout all channels in the porous basswood *** the traditional organic pollutant,methyl orange(MO),the combination of MOFs and basswood carbon(MOFs@carbon)demonstrates a remarkable adsorption capacity,which is 243%and 454%higher than basswood carbon and MOF-199,*** an outstanding adsorption performance originates from that the positively charged carbon pulls MO molecules close to carbon surface,leading to a high MO molecule concentration,and then the concentration gradient drives the MO molecules to be stored inside MOFs,functioning like *** findings highlight the potential application of coupled MOFs and biomass carbon in addressing water remediation.

关键词： metal-organic framework(MOF)-199 basswood carbon MOFs@carbon methyl orange

Tungsten pnictides for water electrolysis:advances and perspectives

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Tungsten 2024年第4期6卷 675-695页

作者： Xue Kang Xi-Han Tan Ning Han Jian-Feng Hou Chen-Min Yao Zhi-Jie Chen Bing-Jie Ni department of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Lyuliang University department of Materials engineering State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University School of Civil and environmental engineering The University of New South Wales

Hydrogen fuel is recognized as a promising energy carrier for the sustainable development of global energy system and the green hydrogen production via water electrolysis attracts great *** development of cost-effective electrocatalysts for water electrolysis is important for enhancing green hydrogen production ***,tungsten pnictides(phosphides and nitrides) have emerged as promising catalysts for water electrolysis,and efficient tungsten pnictide-based catalysts with different nanostructures,compositions,and surface chemical properties have been *** this review,recent progress in the design of tungsten pnictide-based electrocatalysts for water electrolysis is comprehensively *** synthesis of tungsten pnictide-based electrocatalysts are discussed ***,current achievements in developing efficient tungsten pnictide electrocatalysts for water electrolysis are detailed,and four key catalyst design strategies(i.e.,nanostructure control,heteroatom doping,defect engineering,and heterostructure design) are *** physicochemical properties-catalytic performance relationship of tungsten pnictide-based electrocatalysts is also *** last,perspectives in this field are put forward for guiding further research on the design and application of high-performance tungsten pnictide-based electrocatalysts.

关键词： Electrocatalysts Hydrogen evolution reaction Oxygen evolution reaction Tungsten nitrides Tungsten phosphides

Interannual evolution of the chemical composition,sources and processes of PM_(2.5)in Chengdu,China:Insights from observations in four winters

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 32-45页

作者： Junke Zhang Jiaqi Li Yunfei Su Chunying Chen Luyao Chen Xiaojuan Huang Fangzheng Wang Yawen Huang Gehui Wang Faculty of Geosciences and environmental engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China department of environmental Science&engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP3)Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education School of Geographic SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

The air quality in China has improved significantly in the last decade and,correspondingly,the characteristics of PM_(2.5)have also *** studied the interannual variation of PM_(2.5)in Chengdu,one of the most heavily polluted megacities in southwest China,during the most polluted season(winter).Our results show that the mass concentrations of PM_(2.5)decreased significantly year-by-year,from 195.8±91.0μg/m~3in winter 2016 to 96.1±39.3μg/m^(3)in winter *** mass concentrations of organic matter(OM),SO_()4^(2-),NH_(4)^(+)and NO_(3)^(-)decreased by 49.6%,57.1%,49.7% and 28.7%,*** differential reduction in the concentrations of chemical components increased the contributions from secondary organic carbon and NO_(3)^(-)and there was a larger contribution from mobile *** contribution of OM and NO_(3)^(-)not only increased with increasing levels of pollution,but also increased year-by-year at the same level of *** sources of PM_(2.5)were identified:combustion sources,vehicular emissions,dust and secondary *** aerosols made the highest contribution and increased year-by-year,from 40.6%in winter 2016 to 46.3% in winter *** contrast,the contribution from combustion sources decreased from 14.4% to 8.7%.Our results show the effectiveness of earlier pollution reduction policies and emphasizes that priority should be given to key pollutants(e.g.,OM and NO_(3)^(-))and sources(secondary aerosols and vehicular emissions)in future policies for the reduction of pollution in Chengdu during the winter months.

关键词： PM_(2.5) Chemical composition Sources Interannual evolution Winter Chengdu

Preface:Heavy metal(loid)s at mining&metallurgical sites:Fate,risk and remediation

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Journal of Central South University 2024年第4期31卷 1033-1035页

作者：薛生国李楚璇赵东叶吴川 School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China department of Civil Constructionand Environmental EngineeringSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA

The contamination of heavy metal(loid)s at mining&metallurgical sites has been a major environmental challenge worldwide[1].Typically,large amounts of metal(loid)s-bearing wastes are generated at these sites,such as smelting slag,combustion residues,mine tailings,wastewater,and exhaust gas[2].Due to their high mobility in the environment,the released heavy metal(loid)s can easily enter the soil and water environment,posing long-term and widespread threats to ecological and human health[3].

关键词： mining wastewater smelting

Facilitated Prediction of Micropollutant Degradation via UV-AOPs in Various Waters by Combining Model Simulation and Portable Measurement

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engineering 2024年第6期37卷 87-95页

作者： Yanyan Huang Mengkai Li Zhe Sun Wentao Li James R.Bolton Zhimin Qiang Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China department of Civil and environmental engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 1H9Canada State Key Laboratory of environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

The degradation of micropollutants in water via ultraviolet(UV)-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)is strongly dependent on the water *** reactive radicals(RRs)formed in UV-AOPs have different reaction selectivities toward water matrices and degradation efficiencies for target ***,process selection and optimization are *** study developed a facilitated prediction method for the photon fluence-based rate constant for micropollutant degradation(K′_(p,MP))in various UV-AOPs by combining model simulation with portable *** methods for measuring the scavenging capacities of the principal RRs(RRSCs)involved in UV-AOPs(i.e.,HO^(·),SO_(4)^(·-),and Cl^(·))using a mini-fluidic photoreaction system were *** simulation models consisted of photochemical,quantitative structure–activity relationship,and radical concentration steady-state approximation *** RRSCs were determined in eight test waters,and a higher RRSC was found to be associated with a more complex water ***,by taking sulfamethazine,caffeine,and carbamazepine as model micropollutants,the k′_(p,MP) values in various UV-AOPs were predicted and further verified experimentally.A lower k′_(p,MP) was found to be associated with a higher RRSC for a stronger RR competition;for example,k′_(p,MP) values of 130.9 and 332.5 m^(2) einstein^(–1),respectively,were obtained for carbamazepine degradation by UV/H_(2)O_(2) in the raw water(RRSC=9.47×10^(4) s^(-1))and sand-filtered effluent(RRSC=2.87×10^(4) s^(-1))of a drinking water treatment *** developed method facilitates process selection and optimization for UV-AOPs,which is essential for increasing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of water treatment.

关键词： UV-AOPs Micropollutant degradation Reactive radicals Water matrix Model simulation

Enhanced direct gaseous CO_(2) fixation into higher bio-succinic acid production and selectivity

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 164-175页

作者： Ziyi Yang Wanling Wu Qing Zhao Irini Angelidaki Samuel Gyebi Arhin Dongliang Hua Yuxiao Zhao Hangyu Sun Guangqing Liu Wen Wang Biomass Energy and environmental engineering Research Center Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China College of Chemical engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China department of Chemical and Biochemical environmental engineering Technical University of DenmarkDK-2800Kgs LyngbyDenmark Energy Research Institute Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification TechnologyJinan 250014China

Utilizing CO_(2)for bio-succinic acid production is an attractive approach to achieve carbon capture and recycling(CCR)with simultaneous production of a useful platform *** succinogenes and Basfia succiniciproducens were selected and investigated as microbial ***,the type and concentration of inorganic carbon concentration and glucose concentration were evaluated.6 g C/L MgCO_(3)and 24 g C/L glucose were found to be the optimal basic operational conditions,with succinic acid production and carbon yield of over 30 g/L and over 40%,***,for maximum gaseous CO_(2)fixation,carbonate was replaced with CO_(2)at different ***“less carbonate more CO_(2)”condition of the inorganic carbon source was set as carbonate:CO_(2)=1:9(based on the mass of carbon).This condition presented the highest availability of CO_(2)by well-balanced chemical reaction equilibrium and phase equilibrium,showing the best performance with regarding CO_(2)fixation(about 15 mg C/(L·hr)),with suppressed lactic acid *** to key enzymes analysis,the ratio of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase to lactic dehydrogenase was enhanced at high ratios of gaseous CO_(2),which could promote glucose conversion through the succinic acid *** further increase gaseous CO_(2)fixation and succinic acid production and selectivity,stepwise CO_(2)addition was evaluated.50%-65%increase in inorganic carbon utilization was obtained coupled with 20%-30%increase in succinic acid *** was due to the promotion of the succinic acid branch of the glucose metabolism,while suppressing the pyruvate branch,along with the inhibition on the conversion from glucose to lactic acid.

关键词： Succinic acid CO_(2) fixation Actinobacillus succinogenes Basfia succiniciproducens Lactic acid

A study of the effect of local scour on the flow field near the spur dike

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2024年第2期14卷 98-105页

作者： Yu-Tian Li Jie-Min Zhan Wing-Hong Onyx Wai department of Industrial Design School of Industrial Design and Ceramic ArtFoshan UniversityFoshan 528000China department of Applied Mechanics and engineering Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107China department of Civil and environmental engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China

The flow field near a spur dike such as down flow and horseshoe vortex system(HVS)are susceptible to the topographic changes in the local scouring process,resulting in variation of the sediment transport with *** this study,large eddy simulations with fixed-bed at different scouring stages were conducted to investigate the changes in flow *** results imply that the bed deformation leads to an increase in flow rate per unit area,which represent the capability of sediment transportation by water,in the scour ***,the intensity of turbulent kinetic energy and bimodal motion near the sand bed induced by the HVS were also ***,the peak moments between the two sediment transport mechanisms were ***,understanding the complex feedback mechanism between topography and flow field is essential for the local scour problem.

关键词： Spur dike Local scour Large eddy simulation Down flow Horseshoe vortex system

Impact of wastewater treatment plant effluent discharge on the antibiotic resistome in downstream aquatic environments:a mini review

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Frontiers of environmental Science & engineering 2024年第3期18卷 131-141页

作者： Zhiguo Su Lyujun Chen Donghui Wen School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijng 100084China 2 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Technology Department of Environmental Technology and EcologyYangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua UniversityJiaxing 314050China College of environmental Sciences and engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)has emerged as a significant challenge in human *** treatment plants(WWTPs),acting as a link between human activities and the environment,create ideal conditions for the selection and spread of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)and antibioticresistant bacteria(ARB).Unfortunately,current treatment processes are ineffective in removing ARGs,resulting in the release of large quantities of ARB and ARGs into the aquatic environment through WWTP ***,in turn,leads to their dispersion and potential transmission to human through water and the food *** safeguard human and environmental health,it is crucial to comprehend the mechanisms by which WWTP effluent discharge influences the distribution and diffusion of ARGs in downstream *** this study,we examine the latest researches on the antibiotic resistome in various waterbodies that have been exposed to WWTP effluent,highlighting the key influencing ***,recommendations for future research and management strategies to control the dissemination of ARGs from WWTPs to the environment are provided,with the aim to achieve the“One Health”objective.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) Wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) Effluent-receiving waterbodies environmental risk Influencing mechanism