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Effects of different organic fertilizers on nitrous oxide and methane emissions from double-cropping rice fields

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 52-62页

作者： Mingcheng HU Andrew J.WADE Weishou SHEN Zhenfang ZHONG Chongwen QIU Xiangui LIN Jiangsu Key Laboratory of atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China department of Geography and environmental science University of ReadingReading RG66 DWUK Haina Research institute of Guangdong Haina Agricultural Co. Ltd.Huizhou 516000China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Rice fields are a major source of greenhouse gases,such as nitrous oxide (N_(2)O) and methane (CH_(4)).Organic fertilizers may potentially replace inorganic fertilizers to meet the nitrogen requirement for rice growth;however,the simultaneous effects of organic fertilizers on N_(2)O and CH_(4)emissions and crop yield in paddy fields remain poorly understood and *** this study,experimental plots were established in conventional double-cropping paddy fields in the Pearl River Delta,China,including an unfertilized control and five fertilizer treatments with fresh organic fertilizer (FOF),successively composted organic fertilizer (SOF),chemically composted organic fertilizer (COF),COF supplemented with inorganic fertilizer (COIF),and chemical fertilizers (CFs)(TFOF,TSOF,TCOF,TCOIF,and TCF,respectively).Paddy field soils behaved simultaneously as an N_(2)O sink (cumulative N_(2)O emission:-196 to-381 g N ha^(-1)) and as a CH_(4)source (cumulative CH_(4)emission:719 to 2 178 kg ha^(-1)).Compared to CFs,the effects of organic fertilizers on N_(2)O emission were not *** contrast,total annual CH_(4)emission increased by 157%,132%,125%,and 37%in TFOF,TCOF,TSOF,and TCOIF,respectively,compared to *** TCOIF,rice yield was maintained,while CH_(4)emission was not significantly increased from the paddy fields characterized by a prolonged flood *** important next step is to extend these field-based measurements to larger rice cultivation areas to quantify the regional and national-scale impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and to help determine the optimum practice for fertilizer use.

关键词： crop production global warming potential greenhouse gases manure paddy sustainable agriculture

Underestimated Methane Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal Sites Reveal Missed Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Opportunities

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engineering 2024年第5期36卷 12-15页

作者： Yao Wang Chuanbin Zhou Ziyang Lou Houhu Zhang Abid Hussain Liangtong Zhan Ke Yin Mingliang Fang Xunchang Fei School of Civil and environmental engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China department of environmental science and engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Nanjing institute of environmental sciences Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentNanjing 210042China department of Civil and environmental engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada Ministry of Education(MOE)Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China department of environmental engineering School of Biology and the EnvironmentNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China department of environmental science and engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

*** Cities are responsible for approximately 70%of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and about 60%of all anthropogenic methane(CH4)emissions[1,2].Solid waste disposal sites(including landfills and dumpsites),which are prevalent in global cities,emit CH4 generated from the anaerobic biodegradation of municipal solid waste(MSW).Notably,the proportions of CH4 emissions from disposal sites surpass 50%of the total CH4 emissions in some megalopolises[3].CH4 has a high global warming potential(GWP),being 28 times stronger than carbon dioxide(CO_(2))over a 100-year period and 80 times stronger over a 20-year period[4].Understanding and mitigating CH4 emissions from solid waste disposal sites is particularly pertinent and pressing,considering that the latest Synthesis Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)emphasizes that the current pace of mitigation and adaptation policies and measures falls short of restraining global temperature rise to under 1.5℃ within the 21st century[4].More than 150 countries signed the Global Methane Pledge at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow(COP26),which aims to reduce global annual CH4 emissions by 30%by 2030,compared with emissions in 2020[5].

关键词： landfill Solid restrain

Characteristics and source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds and ozone generation sensitivity in urban Jiaozuo,China

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Journal of environmental sciences 2024年第4期138卷 607-625页

作者： Pengzhao Li Chun Chen Dan Liu Jie Lian Wei Li Chuanyi Fan Liangyu Yan Yue Gao Miao Wang Hang Liu Xiaole Pan Jing Mao State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and environmental Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Henan Key Laboratory of environmental Monitoring Technology Henan Ecological Environment Monitoring and Safety CenterZhengzhou 450046China Jiaozuo Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Henan Province Jiaozuo 454003China State Key Laboratory of atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

In recent years,many cities have taken measures to reduce volatile organic compounds(VOCs),an important precursor of ozone(O_(3)),to alleviate O_(3) pollution in China.116 VOC species were measured by online and offline methods in the urban area of Jiaozuo from May to October in 2021 to analyze the compositional *** sources were analyzed by a positive matrix factorization(PMF)model,and the sensitivity of ozone generation was determined by ozone isopleth plotting research(OZIPR)*** results showed that the average volume concentration of total VOCs was 30.54 ppbv and showed a bimodal feature due to the rush-hour traffic in the morning and at *** most dominant VOC groups were oxygenated VOCs(OVOCs,29.3%)and alkanes(26.7%),and the most abundant VOC species were acetone and ***,based on the maximum incremental reactivity(MIR)method,the major VOC groups in terms of ozone formation potential(OFP)contribution were OVOCs(68.09μg/m^(3),31.5%),aromatics(62.90μg/m^(3),29.1%)and alkene/alkynes(54.90μg/m^(3),25.4%).This indicates that the control of OVOCs,aromatics and alkene/alkynes should take *** sources of VOCs were quantified by PMF,including fixed sources of fossil fuel combustion(27.8%),industrial processes(25.9%),vehicle exhaust(19.7%),natural and secondary formation(13.9%)and solvent usage(12.7%).The empirical kinetic modeling approach(EKMA)curve obtained by OZIPR on O_(3) exceedance days indicated that the O_(3) sensitivity varied in different *** results provide theoretical support for O_(3) pollution prevention and control in Jiaozuo.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) Online and offline measurement Ozone formation potential(OFP) Positive matrix factorization(PMF) Ozone isopleth plotting research(OZIPR) Jiaozuo

Simulation of the Ecosystem Productivity Responses to Aerosol Diffuse Radiation Fertilization Effects over the Pan-Arctic during 2001–19

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2024年第1期41卷 84-96页

作者： Zhiding ZHANG Xu YUE Hao ZHOU Jun ZHU Yadong LEI Chenguang TIAN Jiangsu Key Laboratory of atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&Technology(NUIST)Nanjing 210044China Climate Change Research Center Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory of atmospheric Chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

The pan-Arctic is confronted with air pollution transported from lower *** have shown that aerosols help increase plant photosynthesis through the diffuse radiation fertilization effects(DRFEs).While such DRFEs have been explored at low to middle latitudes,the aerosol impacts on pan-Arctic ecosystems and the contributions by anthropogenic and natural emission sources remain less ***,we perform regional simulations at 0.2o×0.2ousing a well-validated vegetation model(Yale Interactive terrestrial Biosphere,YIBs)in combination with multi-source of observations to quantify the impacts of aerosol DRFEs on the net primary productivity(NPP)in the pan-Arctic during *** show that aerosol DRFEs increase pan-Arctic NPP by 2.19 Pg C(12.8%)yr^(-1)under clear-sky conditions,in which natural and anthropogenic sources contribute to 8.9% and 3.9%,*** all-sky conditions,such DRFEs are largely dampened by cloud to only 0.26 Pg C(1.24%)yr^(-1),with contributions of 0.65% by natural and 0.59% by anthropogenic *** aerosols cause a positive NPP trend of 0.022% yr^(-1)following the increased fire activities in the *** contrast,anthropogenic aerosols induce a negative trend of-0.01% yr^(-1)due to reduced emissions from the middle *** trends in aerosol DRFEs show a turning point in the year of 2007 with more positive NPP trends by natural aerosols but negative NPP trends by anthropogenic aerosols *** affected by modeling uncertainties,this study suggests a likely increasing impact of aerosols on terrestrial ecosystems in the pan-Arctic under global warming.

关键词： diffuse radiation fertilization effects anthropogenic aerosols natural aerosols pan-Arctic net primary productivity

Investigation of formaldehyde sources and its relative emission intensity in shipping channel environment

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Journal of environmental sciences 2024年第8期142卷 142-154页

作者： Jiaqi Liu Shanshan Wang Yan Zhang Yuhao Yan Jian Zhu Sanbao Zhang Tianyu Wang Yibing Tan Bin Zhou Shanghai Key Laboratory of atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) No.20 Cuiniao RoadShanghai 202162China institute of atmospheric sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China institute of Digitalized Sustainable Transformation Big Data InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Formaldehyde(HCHO)is considered one of the most abundant gas-phase carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere,which can be directly emitted through transportation ***-Path Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(LP-DOAS)was used to observe HCHO in the river channel of Wusong Wharf in Shanghai,China for the whole year of *** to the impact of ship activity,the annual average HCHO level in the channel is about2.5 times higher than that in the nearby campus *** explain the sources of HCHO under different meteorological conditions,the tracer-pair of CO and O_(x)(NO_(2)+O_(3))was used on the clustered air *** results of the source appointment show that primary,secondary and background account for 24.14%(3.34±1.19 ppbv),44.78%(6.20±2.04ppbv)and 31.09%(4.31±2.33 ppbv)of the HCHO in the channel when the air masses were from the mixed direction of the city and channel,*** performing background station subtraction at times of high primary HCHO values and resolving the plume peaks,directly emitted HCHO/NO_(2)in the channel environment and plume were determined to be mainly distributed between 0.2 and *** cargo ships with higher sailing speeds or main engine powers tend to have higher HCHO/NO_(2)*** the knowledge of NO_(2)(or NO_(x))emission levels from ships,this study may provide data support for the establishment of HCHO emission factors.

关键词： HCHO LP-DOAS Channel environment Ship emissions

Health risks and sources of trace elements and black carbon in PM_(2.5)from 2019 to 2021 in Beijing

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Journal of environmental sciences 2024年第8期142卷 69-82页

作者： Chenjie Hua Wei Ma Feixue Zheng Yusheng Zhang Jiali Xie Li Ma Boying Song Chao Yan Hongyan Li Zhen Liu Qian Liu Markku Kulmala Yongchun Liu Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China institute for atmospheric and Earth System Research Faculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki 00014Finland School of Environment and Safety Taiyuan University of Science and TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

A comprehensive health risk assessment of PM_(2.5)is meaningful to understand the current status and directions regarding further improving air quality from the perspective of human *** this study,we evaluated the health risks of PM_(2.5)as well as highly toxic inorganic components,including heavy metals(HMs)and black carbon(BC)based on longterm observations in Beijing from 2019 to *** results showed that the relative risks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,lung cancer,acute lower respiratory tract infection,ischemic heart disease,and stroke decreased by 4.07%-9.30%in 2020 and 2.12%-6.70%in2021 compared with ***,they were still at high levels ranging from 1.26 to 1.77,in particular,stroke showed the highest value in *** had the highest hazard quotient(HQ,from 2.18 to 2.56)for adults from 2019 to 2021,while Ni,Cr,Pb,As,and BC showed high carcinogenic risks(CR>1.0×10^(-6))for *** HQ values of Mn and As and the CR values of Pb and As showed constant or slight upwards trends during our observations,which is in contrast to the downward trends of other HMs and PM_(2.5).Mn,Cr,and BC are crucial toxicants in PM_(2.5).A significant shrink of southern region sourcesof HMs and BCshrank suggests the increased importance of local ***,dust,and biomass burning are the major contributors to the non-carcinogenic risks,while traffic emissions and industry are the dominant contributors to the carcinogenic risks in Beijing.

关键词： PM_(2.5) Heavy metals Black carbon Health risk Source apportionment

Comprehensive understanding on sources of high levels of fine particulate nitro-aromatic compounds at a coastal rural area in northern China

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Journal of environmental sciences 2024年第1期135卷 483-494页

作者： Yueru Jiang Xinfeng Wang Min Li Yiheng Liang Zhiyi Liu Jing Chen Tianyi Guan Jiangshan Mu Yujiao Zhu He Meng Yang Zhou Lan Yao Likun Xue Wenxing Wang Environment Research institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China department of environmental Systems science Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ZurichZurich 8092Switzerland department of Water Resources and Drinking Water Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDuebendorf 8600Switzerland Qingdao Eco-Environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province Qingdao 266003China College of Oceanic and atmospheric sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China School of environmental and Geographical sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China

Nitro-aromatic compounds(NACs)are among the major components of brown carbon(BrC)in the atmosphere,causing negative impacts on regional climate,air quality,and ecological *** to the extensive origins,it is still a challenge to figure out the contributions and originating regions for different sources of atmospheric ***,field observations on fine particulate NACs were conducted at a coastal rural area in Qingdao,China in the winter of 2018 and *** mean total concentrations of fine particulate nitro-aromatic compounds were 125.0±89.5 and 27.7±21.1 ng/m^(3)in the winter of 2018 and 2019,*** the measured eleven NACs,nitrophenols and nitrocatechols were the most abundant *** characteristics and correlation analysis showed that humidity and anthropogenic primary emissions had significant influences on the NAC *** this study,two tracing methods of the improved spatial concentration weighted trajectory(SCWT)model and the receptor model of positive matrix factorization(PMF)were combined to comprehensively understand the origins of NACs in fine particles at coastal *** major sources were identified,including coal combustion,biomass burning,vehicle exhaust,and secondary ***,coal combustion was responsible for about half of the observed nitro-aromatic compounds,followed by biomass burning(~30%).The results by SCWT demonstrated that the coal combustion dominated NACs mainly originated from the Shandong peninsula and the areas to the north and southwest,while those dominated by biomass burning primarily came from local Qingdao and the areas to the west.

关键词： Nitro-aromatic compounds Fine particles Source apportionment Originating region Combustion activities

Characteristics of bioaerosols under high-ozone periods,haze episodes,dust storms,and normal days in Xi'an,China

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 140-148页

作者： Yiming Yang Liu Yang Xiaoyan Hu Zhenxing Shen department of environmental science and engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry&Physics SKLLQGInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an710049China

The characteristics of bioaerosols and their effects on human beings'health have become a major public concern in the recent *** study compared the characteristics of bioaerosols under different types of pollution(high-ozone[HO]episodes,haze episodes,and dust storms[DSs]),with those of bioaerosols on normal days(NDs)in Xi'an,*** concentrations,diurnal variations,and size distribution of bacteria,fungi,and total airborne microbes(TAMs)were *** results showed that the bacterial and fungal concentrations were the highest during DSs and on NDs,reaching 425.2 and 956.9 colony-forming units/m^(3),*** concentration of TAMs was the highest during HO episodes,reaching 10.7×10^(6)cells/m^(3),which was significantly higher than that during the other *** maximum concentrations of bacteria and fungi during HO episodes were observed in the morning,while they appeared separately in the morning and evening during haze *** and TAMs during DSs reached peak concentrations in the morning and evening,which is opposite to the particulate matter(PM)distribution *** NDs,temperature and relative humidity had significant effects on *** size distributions of airborne bacteria exhibited bimodal patterns,whereas unimodal distributions were observed for *** mainly attached in fine particles(<2.1μm)with proportions of 67.4%and 60.5%during haze episodes and DSs,respectively,which means that fungi were easily penetrated into the human respiratory *** evaluation of influence factors revealed that PM_(2.5) and PM10 had negative effects on fungal concentration during DSs,and ozone concentration and temperature were inversely correlated with fungal concentration during HO *** results provide valuable reference data for elucidating the formation and evolution of bioaerosols under different types of pollution.

关键词： Bacteria Fungi Total airborne microbe Different air pollution types Influence factors

Development and application of photocatalytic coating for roadside NO_(x) mitigation in Hong Kong

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 153-157页

作者： Xinwei Li Pengge Wang Shuwen Han Yu Huang Wingkei Ho Steven Sai Hang Ho Shun-cheng Lee Meng Wang department of Civil and environmental engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology(SKLLQG)and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710061China department of science and environmental Studies The Education University of Hong KongHong KongChina Division of atmospheric sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNV 89512United States

A facile chemical method for the development of photocatalytic coating products was proposed based on practical application perspective for the Hong Kong roadside nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))***_(2)-based photocatalytic coating PC-C film with crystallized size of around 5–6 nm was synthesized with the peptization of H_(2)O_(2).The PC-C coating possesses a super-hydrophilicity surface and is proven to have a NO_(x)degradation rate of 46.8%with an optimum pH level of *** addition,the PC-C coating presents a promising photocatalytic NO_(x)degradation compared with other commercially available coating products and P25 when applied on two building materials of poly-methyl methacrylate(PMMA)and concrete surface.A weather resistance simulation and a 180-day on-site field trial were carried out the attenuation effects of photocatalytic coating applied in outdoor *** on epidemiological estimation and field investigation,hospital admissions for respiratory diseases(HARD)and mortality cases(MC)could be reduced with the application of PC-C coating along the street *** work demonstrates the feasibility of air pollution control measures for the local roadside NO_(x)using photocatalytic technology,offering promising health benefits with environmental remediation.

关键词： Photocatalysis Coating NO_(x) mitigation Hong Kong Roadside