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Condition indices for rigid pavements: A comparative analysis of state DOTs using Michigan PMS data

Journal of Road engineering 2024年第3期4卷 348-360页

作者： Rahul Raj Singh Mumtahin Hasnat Muhammed Emin Kutay Syed Waqar Haider James Bryce Bora Cetin department of Civil and environmental engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Wadsworth department of Civil and environmental engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26506USA

Pavement infrastructure is vital in providing services and links between various sectors of society. Therefore, thepreservation and maintenance of these roads are critical to attaining a pavement network in good conditionthroughout its service life. Various performance indicators like the international roughness index (IRI), pavementcondition index (PCI), and present serviceability rating (PSR) have been used by the state department of transportation (DOT) and highway agencies for evaluating pavement surface conditions and planning future maintenance strategies. Limited data availability, multiple distresses depending on region, lack of correlation of thesecondition indices to maintenance strategies, and data collection limitations pose a challenge for applying theseindices to local conditions. This paper compares condition indices of different states for rigid pavements. Further,using a specific condition index for local conditions is also highlighted. For this purpose, five states and theircorresponding condition indices were evaluated and compared to the Michigan DOT distress index (DI). Thesestates include Virginia, Minnesota, North Dakota, Louisiana, and Oregon. The corresponding distresses of eachcondition index were converted to make them compatible with the MDOT DI. This study used the MDOT'spavement management system (PMS) database to evaluate each condition index for 433 rigid pavement *** distress index was plotted against MDOT DI and compared using a paired t-test. Results show that thecondition indices of Virginia and Minnesota are comparable to DI in terms of the Spearman correlation value. Thet-test results show that except for Virgina, condition indices from other states statistically differ from ***, one can't use those directly for local conditions in Michigan. This paper presents the evaluation anddata requirements for each condition index and its impact on selecting a maintenance treatment.

关键词： Rigid pavement Pavement management Condition index Distress index

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Factors hindering the degradation of pharmaceuticals from human urine in an iron-activated persulfate system

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Journal of environmental sciences 2024年第1期135卷 130-148页

作者： Yiruiwen Xie Dao Guan Yangfan Deng Yugo Sato Yu Luo Guanghao Chen department of Civil and environmental engineering Water Technology LabHong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control&Treatment of Heavy Metal PollutionThe Hong Kong University of Science&TechnologyHong Kong 999077China

This study investigated the degradation of clofibric acid(CFA),bezafibrate(BZF),and sulfamethoxazole(SMX)in synthetic human urine using a novel mesoporous iron powderactivated persulfate system(mFe-PS system),and identified the factors limiting their degradation in synthetic human urine.A kinetic model was established to expose the radical production in various reaction conditions,and experiments were conducted to verify the modeling *** the phosphate-containing mFe-PS system,the 120 min removal efficiency of CFA decreased from 95.1%to 76.6%as the phosphate concentration increased from 0.32 to 6.45 mmol/L,but recovered to 90.5%when phosphate concentration increased to 16.10 mmol/***,the increased concentration of phosphate from 0.32 to 16.10mmol/L reduced the BZF degradation efficacy from 91.5%to 79.0%,whereas SMX removal improved from 37.3%to 62.9%.The m Fe-PS system containing(bi)carbonate,from 4.20 to166.70 mmol/L,reduced CFA and BZF removal efficiencies from 100%to 76.8%and 80.4%,respectively,and SMX from 83.5%to 56.7%within a 120-min reaction *** addition,alkaline conditions(pH≥8.0)inhibited CFA and BZF degradations,while nonacidic pH(pH≥7.0)remarkably inhibited SMX *** of the kinetic model indicated the formation of phosphate(H_(2)PO_(4)^(·)/HPO_(4)^(·-))and/or carbonate radicals(CO_(3)^(·-))could limit pharmaceutical *** transformation products(TPs)of the pharmaceuticals revealed more incompletely oxidized TPs occurred in the phosphate-and(bi)carbonate-containing m Fe-PS systems,and indicated that H_(2)PO_(4)^(·)/HPO_(4)^(·-)mainly degraded pharmaceuticals via a benzene ring-opening reaction while CO_(3)^(·-)preferentially oxidized pharmaceuticals via a hydroxylation reaction.

关键词： Pharmaceutical degradation Human urine Iron-activated persulfate system Phosphate radicals Carbonate radicals Transformation products

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Feasibility of low-intensity ultrasound treatment with hydroxylamine to accelerate the initiation of partial nitrification and allow operation under intermittent aeration

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Journal of environmental sciences 2024年第5期139卷 446-459页

作者： Jianxiong Jian Xiaojian Liao Zhihua Mo Shoupeng Li Lei Li Shaojin Chen Zhenhua Huang Junhao Chen Wencan Dai Shuiyu Sun Guangzhou Key Laboratory environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk ControlSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Health and Pollution ControlGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong Province Solid Waste Recycling and Heavy Metal Pollution Control engineering Technology Research Center Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection EngineeringFoshan 528216China Analysis and Test Center Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

Partial nitrification is a key aspect of efficient nitrogen removal,although practically it suf-fers from long start-up cycles and unstable long-term operational *** address these drawbacks,this study investigated the effect of low intensity ultrasound treatment combined with hydroxylamine(NH2OH)on the performance of partial *** showthat compared with the control group,low-intensity ultrasound treatment(0.10W/mL,15 min)combined with NH2OH(5 mg/L)reduced the time required for partial nitrification initiation by 6 days,increasing the nitrite accumulation rate(NAR)and ammonia nitro-gen removal rate(NRR)by 20.4% and 6.7%,respectively,achieving 96.48% ***-tic analysis showed that NH2OH enhanced ammonia oxidation,inhibited nitrite-oxidizing bacteria(NOB)activity and shortened the time required for partial nitrification ***,ultrasonication combined with NH2OH dosing stimulated EPS(extracellular polymeric substances)secretion,increased carbonyl,hydroxyl and amine functional group abundances and enhanced mass *** addition,16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that ultrasonication-sensitive Nitrospira disappeared from the ultrasound+NH_(2)OH system,while Nitrosomonas gradually became the dominant ***,the results of this study provide valuable insight into the enhancement of partial nitrification start-up during the process of wastewater nitrogen removal.

关键词： Partial nitrification Low-intensity ultrasound Hydroxylamine Ammonia oxidizing bacteria Nitrite oxidizing bacteria

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Categorizing methods for integrating machine learning with executable specifications

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 5-19页

作者： David HAREL Raz YERUSHALMI Assaf MARRON Achiya ELYASAF department of Computer science and Applied Mathematics Weizmann Institute of Science department of Software and Information Systems engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

Deep learning(DL),which includes deep reinforcement learning(DRL),holds great promise for carrying out real-world tasks that human minds seem to cope with quite *** promise is already delivering extremely impressive results in a variety of ***,while DL-enabled systems achieve excellent performance,they are far from *** has been demonstrated,in several domains,that DL systems can err when they encounter cases they had not hitherto ***,the opacity of the produced agents makes it difficult to explain their behavior and ensure that they adhere to various requirements posed by human *** the other end of the software development spectrum of methods,behavioral programming(BP) facilitates orderly system development using self-standing executable modules aligned with how humans intuitively describe desired system *** this paper,we elaborate on different approaches for combining DRL with BP and,more generally,machine learning(ML) with executable specifications(ES).We begin by defining a framework for studying the various approaches,which can also be used to study new emerging approaches not covered *** then briefly review state-of-the-art approaches to integrating ML with ES,continue with a focus on DRL,and then present the merits of integrating ML with *** conclude with guidelines on how this categorization can be used in decision making in system development,and outline future research challenges.

关键词： machine learning artificial intelligence grey box learning domain knowledge rules behavioral programming deep reinforcement learning survey

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Energetic,bio-oil,biochar,and ash performances of co-pyrolysis-gasification of textile dyeing sludge and Chinese medicine residues in response to K_(2)CO_(3),atmosphere type,blend ratio,and temperature

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Journal of environmental sciences 2024年第2期136卷 133-150页

作者： Gang Zhang Zhiyun Chen Tao Chen Shaojun Jiang Fatih Evrendilek Shengzheng Huang Xiaojie Tang Ziyi Ding Yao He Wuming Xie Jingyong Liu engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China School of environmental science and engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China School of Environment The Environmental Research InstituteMOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of EnvironmentSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China department of environmental engineering Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal UniversityBolu 14052Turkey

Hazardous waste stream needs to be managed so as not to exceed stock-and rate-limited properties of its recipient *** co-pyrolysis of Chinese medicine residue(CMR)and textile dyeing sludge(TDS)and its bio-oil,biochar,and ash quality and quantity were characterized as a function of the immersion of K_(2)CO_(3),atmosphere type,blend ratio,and *** to the mono-pyrolysis of TDS,its co-pyrolysis performance with CMR(the comprehensive performance index(CPI))significantly improved by 33.9%in the N_(2)atmosphere and 33.2%in the CO_(2)*** impregnation catalyzed the co-pyrolysis at 370℃,reduced its activation energy by 77.3 kJ/mol in the N_(2)atmosphere and 134.6 kJ/mol in the CO_(2)atmosphere,and enriched the degree of coke gasification by 44.25%in the CO_(2)*** impregnation increased the decomposition rate of the co-pyrolysis by weakening the bond energy of fatty side chains and bridge bonds,its catalytic and secondary products,and its bio-oil yield by 66.19%.Its bio-oils mainly contained olefins,aromatic structural substances,and *** immersion of K_(2)CO_(3)improved the aromaticity of the copyrolytic biochars and reduced the contact between K and Si which made it convenient for Mg to react with SiO_(2)to form *** co-pyrolytic biochar surfaces mainly included-OH,-CH_(2),C=C,and *** main phases in the co-pyrolytic ash included Ca_(5)(PO_(4))_(3)(OH),Al_(2)O_(3),and magnesium-silicate.

关键词： Chemical impregnation Catalytic pyrolysis Chinese medicine residue Textile dyeing sludge Co-pyrolysis

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An inverse analysis of fluid flow through granular media using differentiable lattice Boltzmann method

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2077-2090页

作者： Qiuyu Wang Krishna Kumar department of Civil Architectural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Texas at AustinAustin78712-2100USA

This study presents a method for the inverse analysis of fluid flow *** focus is put on accurately determining boundary conditions and characterizing the physical properties of granular media,such as permeability,and fluid components,like *** primary aim is to deduce either constant pressure head or pressure profiles,given the known velocity field at a steady-state flow through a conduit containing obstacles,including walls,spheres,and *** lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)combined with automatic differentiation(AD)(AD-LBM)is employed,with the help of the GPU-capable Taichi programming language.A lightweight tape is used to generate gradients for the entire LBM simulation,enabling end-to-end *** AD-LBM approach accurately estimates the boundary conditions for complex flow paths in porous media,leading to observed steady-state velocity fields and deriving macro-scale permeability and fluid *** method demonstrates significant advantages in terms of prediction accuracy and computational efficiency,making it a powerful tool for solving inverse fluid flow problems in various applications.

关键词： Inverse problem Fluid flow Granular media Automatic differentiation(AD) Lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)

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Photothermal catalytic C-C coupling to ethylene from CO_(2) with high efficiency by synergistic cooperation of oxygen vacancy and half-metallic WTe_(2)

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 547-556,I0014页

作者： Xiaoyue Zhang Yong Yang Yingjie Hu Lijun Xiong Tianyu Wang Panjie Li Jinyou Shen Key Laboratory of environmental Remediation and Ecological Health Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologySchool of Environmental and Biological EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094JiangsuChina School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094JiangsuChina Nanjing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Nanjing Xiaozhuang UniversityNanjing 210094JiangsuChina Jiangsu environmental engineering Technology Co.Ltd Nanjing 210019JiangsuChina

Photothermal catalytic CO_(2) conversion provides an effective solution targeting carbon neutrality by synergistic utilization of photon and ***,the C-C coupling initiated by photothermal catalysis is still a big ***,a three-dimensional(3D)hierarchical W_(18)O_(49)/WTe_(2) hollow nanosphere is constructed through in-situ embodying of oxygen vacancy and tellurium on the scaffold of WO_(3).The light absorption towards near-infrared spectral region and CO_(2) adsorption are enhanced by the formation of half-metal WTe_(2) and the unique hierarchical hollow *** with the generation of oxygen vacancy with strengthened CO_(2) capture,the photothermal effect on the samples can be sufficiently exploited for activating the CO_(2) *** particular,the close contact between W_(18)O_(49)and WTe_(2) largely promotes the photoinduced charge separation and mass transfer,and thus the~*CHO intermediate formation and fixedness are *** a result,the C-C coupling can be evoked between tungsten and tellurium atoms on WTe_(2).The ethylene production by optimized W_(18)O_(49)/WTe_(2) reaches 147.6μmol g^(-1)with the selectivity of 80%.The in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)and density functional theory(DFT)calculations are performed to unveil the presence and significance of aldehyde intermediate groups in C-C *** half-metallic WTe_(2) cocatalyst proposes a new approach for efficient CO_(2) conversion with solar energy,and may especially create a new platform for the generation of multi-carbon products.

关键词： Photothermal catalysis Half-metal WTe_(2) C–C coupling Carbon neutrality

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Insight study of rare earth elements in PM_(2.5)during five years in a Chinese inland city:Composition

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Journal of environmental sciences 2024年第4期138卷 439-449页

作者： Yi-Wen Shen Chang-Xian Zhao Hao Zhao Shuo-Fei Dong Qi Guo Jiao-Jiao Xie Mei-Ling Lv Chun-Gang Yuan Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control Department ofEnvironmental Science&EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071000China MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and environmental Systems Optimization College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Agilent Technologies Co.Ltd.(China) Beijing 100102China

The booming development of rare earth industry and the extensive utilization of its products accompanied by urban development have led to the accelerated accumulation of rare earth elements(REEs)as emerging pollutants in atmospheric *** this study,the variation of REEs in PM_(2.5)with urban(a non-mining city)transformation was investigated through five consecutive years of sample *** compositional variability and provenance contribution of REEs in PM_(2.5)were characterized,and the REEs exposure risks of children and adults via inhalation,ingestion and dermal absorption were also *** results showed an increase in the total REEs concentration from 46.46±35.16 mg/kg(2017)to 81.22±38.98 mg/kg(2021)over the five-year period,with Ce and La making the largest *** actual increment of industrial and traffic emission source among the three pollution sources was 1.34 ng/m^(3).Coal combustion source displayed a downward *** was the main exposure pathway for REEs in PM_(2.5)for both children and *** contributed the most to the total intake of REEs in PM_(2.5)among the population,followed by La and *** exposure risks of REEs in PM_(2.5)in the region were relatively low,but the trend of change was of great *** was strongly recommended to strengthen the concern about traffic-related non-exhaust emissions of particulate matter.

关键词： Rare earth elements Exposure risks Pollution sources Traffic-related non-exhaust emissions

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A Novel Eccentric Intrusion Detection Model Based on Recurrent Neural Networks with Leveraging LSTM

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3089-3127页

作者： Navaneetha Krishnan Muthunambu Senthil Prabakaran Balasubramanian Prabhu Kavin Kishore Senthil Siruvangur Kavitha Chinnadurai Jehad Ali department of Computer Applications Karpagam College of EngineeringCoimbatore641032India department of Computer science and engineering Karpagam College of EngineeringCoimbatore641032India department of Data science and Business Systems College of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203India department of Computer science and engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyJeppiaar NagarRajiv Gandhi SalaiChennai600119India department of AI Convergence Network Ajou UniversitySuwon16499Korea

The extensive utilization of the Internet in everyday life can be attributed to the substantial accessibility of online services and the growing significance of the data transmitted via the ***,this development has expanded the potential targets that hackers might *** adequate safeguards,data transmitted on the internet is significantly more susceptible to unauthorized access,theft,or *** identification of unauthorised access attempts is a critical component of cybersecurity as it aids in the detection and prevention of malicious *** research paper introduces a novel intrusion detection framework that utilizes Recurrent Neural Networks(RNN)integrated with Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)*** proposed model can identify various types of cyberattacks,including conventional and distinctive *** networks,a specific kind of feedforward neural networks,possess an intrinsic memory *** Neural Networks(RNNs)incorporating Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)mechanisms have demonstrated greater capabilities in retaining and utilizing data dependencies over extended *** such as data types,training duration,accuracy,number of false positives,and number of false negatives are among the parameters employed to assess the effectiveness of these models in identifying both common and unusual *** are utilised in conjunction with LSTM to support human analysts in identifying possible intrusion events,hence enhancing their decision-making capabilities.A potential solution to address the limitations of Shallow learning is the introduction of the Eccentric Intrusion Detection *** model utilises Recurrent Neural Networks,specifically exploiting LSTM *** proposed model achieves detection accuracy(99.5%),generalisation(99%),and false-positive rate(0.72%),the parameters findings reveal that it is superior to state-of-the-art techniques.

关键词： Cybersecurity intrusion detection machine learning leveraging long short-term memory(LLSTM) CICIDS2019 dataset innovative cyberattacks

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Strong ferroelectric and luminescence properties of 0-3 type 0.8BaTiO_(3)-0.2CaTiO_(3):Pr^(3+)composite ceramics prepared by cold sintering process

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第7期13卷 1002-1010页

作者： Xiaocui Rao Xueling Yang Renbing Sun Peng Du Hai Jiang Yao Huang Laihui Luo department of Microelectronics science and engineering School of Physical Science and TechnologyNingbo UniversityNingbo 315211China College of Materials science and engineering Ningbo University of TechnologyNingbo 315016China

0-3 type ferroelectric-phosphor composite ceramics cannot be prepared by the traditional solid-state sintering(SSS)method due to the strong chemical reaction between ferroelectrics and phosphors during high-temperature *** cold sintering process(CSP)may solve this issue by densifying ceramics at ultralow sintering *** this work,dense 0-3 type 0.8BaTiO_(3)-0.2CaTiO_(3):Pr^(3+)(0.8BT-0.2CT:Pr^(3+))binary composite ceramics were fabricated at an ultralow temperature of 225℃via CSP with the Ba(OH)2·8H2O hydrated *** effects of the Ba(OH)_(2)·8H2O content,sintering temperature,and sintering time on the microstructure and densification of the ceramics were *** density of the composite ceramics prepared by the optimized sintering parameters reaches 89%.Both energy-dispersive X-ray(EDX)spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction(XRD)confirm the existence of BT and CT:Pr^(3+)phases in the prepared ceramics.A strong ferroelectric performance is obtained,and the luminescent properties of CT:Pr^(3+)are preserved for the ***,the 0.8BT-0.2CT:Pr^(3+)composite ceramics prepared by CSP have stronger photoluminescence and photo-stimulated luminescence than their counterparts prepared by cold sintering assistance(CSA)and SSS ***,CSP is a promising method for combining luminescent and ferroelectric properties into 0-3 type composite ceramics.

关键词： single-step densification cold sintering composite ceramics ferroelectric luminescence

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