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flexible Strain Sensors with Ultra‑High Sensitivity and Wide Range Enabled by Crack‑Modulated Electrical Pathways

Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 246-264页

作者： Yunzhao Bai Yunlei Zhou Xuanyu Wu Mengfei Yin Liting Yin Shiyuan Qu Fan Zhang Kan Li YongAn Huang State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People’s Republic of China flexible electronics Research center Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People’s Republic of China Hangzhou Institute of technology Xidian UniversityHangzhou 311200People’s Republic of China School of Mechano‑Electronic engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071People’s Republic of China department of Aerospace and Mechanical engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA

This study presents a breakthrough in flexible strain sensor technology with the development of an ultrahigh sensitivity and wide-range sensor,addressing the critical challenge of reconciling sensitivity with measurement *** by the structure of bamboo slips,we introduce a novel approach that utilises liquid metal to modulate the electrical pathways within a cracked platinum fabric *** resulting sensor demonstrates a gauge factor greater than 108 and a strain measurement capability exceeding 100%.The integration of patterned liquid metal enables customisable tuning of the sensor’s response,while the porous fabric structure ensures superior comfort and air permeability for the *** design not only optimises the sensor’s performance but also enhances the electrical stability that is essential for practical *** systematic investigation,we reveal the intrinsic mechanisms governing the sensor’s response,offering valuable insights for the design of wearable strain *** sensor’s exceptional performance across a spectrum of applications,from micro-strain to large-strain detection,highlights its potential for a wide range of real-world uses,demonstrating a significant advancement in the field of flexible electronics.

关键词： flexible strain sensor Fabric Crack Response regulation Epidermal device

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Toward Analytical Homogenized Relaxation Modulus for Fibrous Composite Material with Reduced Order Homogenization Method

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 193-222页

作者： Huilin Jia Shanqiao Huang Zifeng Yuan HEDPS Center for Applied Physics and Technology(CAPT)Department of Mechanics and Engineering SciencePeking UniversityBeijing100871China State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems Peking UniversityBeijing100871China

In this manuscript,we propose an analytical equivalent linear viscoelastic constitutive model for fiber-reinforced composites,bypassing general computational *** method is based on the reduced-order homogenization(ROH)*** ROH method typically involves solving multiple finite element problems under periodic conditions to evaluate elastic strain and eigenstrain influence functions in an‘off-line’stage,which offers substantial cost savings compared to direct computational homogenization *** to the unique structure of the fibrous unit cell,“off-line”stage calculation can be eliminated by influence functions obtained *** the standard solid model to the ROH method enables the creation of a comprehensive analytical homogeneous viscoelastic constitutive *** method treats fibrous composite materials as homogeneous,anisotropic viscoelastic materials,significantly reducing computational time due to its analytical *** approach also enables precise determination of a homogenized anisotropic relaxation modulus and accurate capture of various viscoelastic responses under different loading *** sets of numerical examples,including unit cell tests,three-point beam bending tests,and torsion tests,are given to demonstrate the predictive performance of the homogenized viscoelastic ***,the model is validated against experimental measurements,confirming its accuracy and reliability.

关键词： Homogenized relaxation modulus viscoelastic standard solid model reduced order homogenization fibrous composite material

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Free vibration and transient response of double curved beams connected by intermediate straight beams

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Applied Mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 37-62页

作者： R.A.JAFARI-TALOOKOLAEI H.GHANDVAR E.JUMAEV S.KHATIR T.CUONG-LE School of Mechanical engineering Babol Noshirvani University of Technology department of Mechanical engineering Faculty of Engineering New Uzbekistan University University of Business and Science center for engineering Application and technology Solutions Ho Chi Minh City Open University

This paper investigates the free vibration and transient response of interconnected structures including double curved beams and intermediate straight beams,which are all constructed from functionally graded porous(FGP) materials. The strain potential and kinetic energies of each beam along with the work done by the external force are calculated. Additionally, a higher-order beam element is introduced to derive stiffness and mass matrices, along with the force vector. The curved and straight beams are discretized, and their assembled stiffness, mass matrices, and force vectors, are *** conditions at the joints are used to derive the total matrices of the entire structure. Subsequently, the natural frequencies and transient response of the system are determined. The accuracy of the mathematical model and the self-developed computer program is validated through the comparison of the obtained results with those of the existing literature and commercial software ANSYS, demonstrating excellent ***, a comprehensive study is conducted to investigate the effects of various parameters on the free vibration and transient response of the considered structure.

关键词： Kinetic energy

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Advancements in Liver Tumor Detection:A Comprehensive Review of Various Deep Learning Models

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 91-122页

作者： Shanmugasundaram Hariharan D.Anandan Murugaperumal Krishnamoorthy Vinay Kukreja Nitin Goyal Shih-Yu Chen Deptartment of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Vardhaman College of EngineeringHyderabad501218India Deptartment of CSE V.S.B College of EngineeringKarur639111India Deptartment of Electrical and electronics engineering Vardhaman College of EngineeringHyderabad501218India Centre for Research Impact&Outcome Chitkara UniversityRajpura140401PunjabIndia department of Computer Science and engineering School of Engineering and TechnologyCentral University of HaryanaMahendergarh123031HaryanaIndia department of Computer Science and Information engineering National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyYunlin64002Taiwan Intelligence Recognition Industry Service Research center National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyYunlin64002Taiwan

Liver cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide,and precise diagnostic tools are essential for effective treatment *** Tumors(LTs)vary significantly in size,shape,and location,and can present with tissues of similar intensities,making automatically segmenting and classifying LTs from abdominal tomography images crucial and *** review examines recent advancements in Liver Segmentation(LS)and Tumor Segmentation(TS)algorithms,highlighting their strengths and limitations regarding precision,automation,and *** metrics are utilized to assess key detection algorithms and analytical methods,emphasizing their effectiveness and relevance in clinical *** review also addresses ongoing challenges in liver tumor segmentation and identification,such as managing high variability in patient data and ensuring robustness across different imaging *** suggests directions for future research,with insights into technological advancements that can enhance surgical planning and diagnostic accuracy by comparing popular *** paper contributes to a comprehensive understanding of current liver tumor detection techniques,provides a roadmap for future innovations,and improves diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes for liver cancer by integrating recent progress with remaining challenges.

关键词： Liver tumor detection liver tumor segmentation image processing liver tumor diagnosis feature extraction tumor classification deep learning machine learning

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Imperfection sensitivity of mechanical properties in soft network materials with horseshoe microstructures

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2021年第7期37卷 1050-1062,I0001页

作者： Jianxing Liu Xinyuan Zhu Zhangming Shen Yihui Zhang AML Department of Engineering MechanicsCenter for Flexible Electronics TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Developments of soft network materials with rationally distributed wavy microstructures have enabled many promising applications in bio-integrated electronic devices,due to their abilities to reproduce precisely nonlinear mechanical properties of human tissues/*** practical applications,the soft network materials usually serve as the encapsulation layer and/or substrate of bio-integrated electronic devices,where deterministic holes can be utilized to accommodate hard chips,thereby increasing the filling ratio of the device ***,it is essential to understand how the hole-type imperfection affects the stretchability of soft network materialswith various geometric *** presents a systematic investigation of the imperfection sensitivity of mechanical properties in soft network materials consisting of horseshoe microstructures,through combined computational and experimental studies.A factor of imperfection insensitivity of stretchability is introduced to quantify the influence of hole imperfections,as compared to the case of perfect soft network *** factor is shown to have different dependences on the arc angle and normalized width of horseshoe microstructures for triangular network *** soft triangular and Kagome network materials,especially with the arc angle in the range of(30?,60?),are found to be much more imperfection insensitive than corresponding traditional lattice materials with straight ***,the soft honeycomb network materials are not as imperfection insensitive as traditional honeycomb lattice materials.

关键词： Imperfect network material Imperfection insensitivity Microstructure shape Lattice topology Stretchability

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Review on flexible photonics/electronics integrated devices and fabrication strategy

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2018年第6期61卷 5-31页

作者： Shisheng CAI Zhiyuan HAN Fengle WANG Kunwei ZHENG Yu CAO Yinji MA Xue FENG Applied mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Interdisciplinary Research center for flexible electronics technology Tsinghua University

In recent years, to meet the greater demand for next generation electronic devices that are transplantable, lightweight and portable, flexible and large-scale integrated electronics attract much more attention have been of interest in both industry and academia. Organic electronics and stretchable inorganic electronics are the two major branches of flexible electronics. With the semiconductive and flexible properties of the organic semiconductor materials, flexible organic electronics have become a mainstay of our *** to organic electronics, stretchable and flexible inorganic electronics are fabricated via mechanical design with inorganic electronic components on flexible substrates, which have stretchability and flexibility to enable very large deformations without degradation of performance. This review summarizes the recent progress on fabrication strategies, such as hydrodynamic organic nanowire printing and inkjet-assisted nanotransfer printing of flexible organic electronics, and screen printing, soft lithography and transfer printing of flexible inorganic electronics. In addition, this review considers large-scale organic and inorganic flexible electronic systems and the future applications of flexible and stretchable electronics.

关键词： flexible and stretchable electronics organic photonics/electronics inorganic photonics/electronics fabrication strategies flexible electronic system

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Analyses of mechanically-assembled 3D spiral mesostructures with applications as tunable inductors

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2019年第2期62卷 243-251页

作者： ZHANG Fan LIU Fei ZHANG YiHui Key Laboratory of Applied mechanics of Ministry of Education Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University center for flexible electronics technology and center for mechanics and Materials Tsinghua University

Mechanically-guided assembly allows the formation of 3D spiral-shaped inductors through controlled buckling, which could provide an increased quality(Q) factor and broadened working angle in near field communication, as compared to the planar design. An understanding of the microstructure-property relationship is essential in the design optimization of the assembly process. This work presents a theoretical model to analyze the deformations during the assembly of the 3D spiral-shaped mesostructure from a bilayer precursor that consists of a supporting ribbon and a 2D coil on its top. As validated by both the experiments and finite element analyses(FEA), this mechanics model allows accurate predictions of the assembled 3D configurations. In combination of electromagnetic simulations, we investigated the effects of various key design parameters on the final 3D configuration and the Q factor when operated as an inductor. The results suggest a significant role of the gravity effect on the assembled spiral configuration, especially for flexible coil designs with relative small cross-sectional areas or long *** study can serve as a reference for the design of spiral-shaped 3D inductors in different device applications.

关键词： 3D assembly modeling buckling multilayer tunable inductor

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Bioinspired 3D flexible devices and functional systems

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 271-295页

作者： Xu Cheng Zhangming Shen Yihui Zhang Applied mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Laboratory of flexible electronics technology Tsinghua University

flexible devices and functional systems with elaborated three-dimensional(3D) architectures can endow better mechanical/electrical performances, more design freedom, and unique functionalities, when compared to their two-dimensional(2D) counterparts. Such 3D flexible devices/systems are rapidly evolving in three primary directions, including the miniaturization, the increasingly merged physical/artificial intelligence and the enhanced adaptability and capabilities of heterogeneous *** challenges exist in this emerging research area, such as relatively poor controllability in the locomotion of soft robotic systems, mismatch of bioelectronic interfaces, and signal coupling in multi-parameter sensing. By virtue of long-time–optimized materials, structures and processes, natural organisms provide rich sources of inspiration to address these challenges, enabling the design and manufacture of many bioinspired 3D flexible devices/systems. In this Review, we focus on bioinspired 3D flexible devices and functional systems, and summarize their representative design concepts, manufacturing methods, principles of structure-function relationship and broad-ranging applications. Discussions on existing challenges, potential solutions and future opportunities are also provided to usher in further research efforts toward realizing bioinspired 3D flexible devices/systems with precisely programmed shapes,enhanced mechanical/electrical performances, and high-level physical/artificial intelligence.

关键词： bioinspired designs biomimetic 3D structures 3D flexible electronics 3D functional systems direct 3D manufacture 2D-to-3D assembly

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Wearable skin-like optoelectronic systems with suppression of motion artifacts for cuff-less continuous blood pressure monitor

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National Science Review 2020年第5期7卷 849-862页

作者： Haicheng Li Yinji Ma Ziwei Liang Zhouheng Wang Yu Cao Yuan Xu Hua Zhou Bingwei Lu Ying Chen Zhiyuan Han Shisheng Cai Xue Feng Key Laboratory of Applied mechanics Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University center for flexible electronics technology Tsinghua University Intensive Care Unit Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Institute of flexible electronics technology of Tsinghua University

According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, an estimated 17.9 million people die from cardiovascular diseases each year, representing 31%of all global deaths. Continuous non-invasive arterial pressure (CNAP) is essential for the management of cardiovascular diseases. However, it is difficult to achieve long-term CNAP monitoring with the daily use of current devices due to irritation of the skin as well as the lack of motion artifacts suppression. Here, we report a high-performance skin-like optoelectronic system integrated with ultra-thin flexible circuits to monitor CNAP. We introduce a theoretical model via the virtual work principle for predicting the precise blood pressure and suppressing motion artifacts, and propose optical difference in the frequency domain for stable optical measurements in terms of skin-like devices. We compare the results with the blood pressure acquired by invasive (intra-arterial) blood pressure monitoring for>1500 min in total on 44 subjects in an intensive care unit. The maximum absolute errors of diastolic and systolic blood pressure were±7/±10 mm Hg, respectively, in immobilized, and±10/±14 mm Hg, respectively, in walking scenarios. These strategies provide advanced blood pressure monitoring techniques, which would directly address an unmet clinical need or daily use for a highly vulnerable population.

关键词： skin-like devices optoelectronics blood pressure monitor optical measurement

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Alignment of inertialess spheroidal particles in flow-structure-dominated regions of turbulent channel flow:shape effect

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第8期40卷 45-66页

作者： Zhiwen Cui Lihao Zhao Applied mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Laboratory of flexible electronics technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

The alignment of elongated fibers and thin disks is known to be significantly influenced by the presence of fluid coherent structures in near-wall turbulence(Cui et al.2021).However,this earlier study is confined to the spheroids with infinitely large or small aspect ratio,and the shape effect of finite aspect ratio on the alignment is not *** current study investigates the shape-dependent alignment of inertialess spheroids in structure-dominated regions of channel *** utilizing an ensemble-averaged approach for identifying the structure-dominated regions,we analyze the eigensystem of the linear term matrix in the Jeffery equation,which is governed by both particle shape and local fluid velocity *** contrast to earlier conventional analysis based on local vorticity and strain rate,our findings demonstrate that the eigensystem of the Jeffery equation offers a convenient,effective,and universal framework for predicting the alignment behavior of inertialess spheroids in turbulent *** leveraging the eigensystem of the Jeffery equation,we uncover a diverse effect of fluid coherent structures on spheroid alignment with different particle ***,we provide explanations for both shape-independent alignments observed in vortical-core regions and shape-dependent alignments around near-wall streamwise vortices.

关键词： Non-spherical particle Direct numerical simulation Wall turbulence Particle-laden flow

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