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Magnetron sputtered nickel oxide with suppressed interfacial defect states for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 348-355页

作者： Guoqiang Ma Qin Tan Zhaoning Li Jingwei Xiu Jiafeng Wang Tianle Cheng Dong He Qiang Sun Xuhang Ma Francesco Lamberti Zhubing He department of Materials Science and engineering Institute of Innovative Materials(I2M)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation(FSSEG)Southern University of Science and Technology(SUSTech)Shenzhen 518055GuangdongChina Core Research Facilities Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina department of Chemical Sciences Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of PadovaVia Gradenigo 6a35131 PadovaItaly

Widely used spin-coated nickle oxide (NiOx) based perovskite solar cells often suffer from severe interfacial reactions between the NiOxand adjacent perovskite layers due to surface defect states,which inherently impair device performance in a long-term view,even with surface molecule *** this study,we developed high-quality magnetron-sputtered NiOxthin films through detailed process optimization,and compared systematically sputtered and spin-coated NiOxthin film surfaces from materials to *** sputtered NiOxfilms exhibit improved crystallinity,smoother surfaces,and significantly reduced Ni3+or Ni vacancies compared to their spin-coated ***,the interface between the perovskite and sputtered NiOxfilm shows a substantially reduced density of defect *** solar cells (PSCs) fabricated with our optimally sputtered NiOxfilms achieved a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 19.93%and demonstrated enhanced stability,maintaining 86.2% efficiency during 500 h of maximum power point tracking under one standard sun ***,with the surface modification using (4-(2,7-dibromo-9,9-dimethylacridin-10(9H)-yl)butyl)p hosphonic acid (DMAcPA),the device PCE was further promoted to 23.07%,which is the highest value reported for sputtered NiOxbased PSCs so far.

关键词： Nickle oxide Magnetron sputter Defect Stability Perovskite solar cell

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Comparative Evaluation and Performance Analysis of Heat Exchangers Featured with Peened Surface

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 50-61页

作者： DINESHBABU Chinnadurai SHIVA SANKARAN Nallasamy VENKATESH RAJAKrishnan VENKATESH Rathinavelu department of Mechanical engineering Kongunadu College of Engineering and TechnologyTamil Nadu-621215India department of Mechanical engineering Selvam College of TechnologyNamakkalTamil Nadu-637003India department of Mechanical engineering Sona College of TechnologySalemTamil Nadu-636005India department of Mechanical engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)Saveetha UniversityChennai 602105TamilnaduIndia

Heat exchangers have the potential for various engineering applications,and their performance is enriched by surface *** proposed system enriches the heat exchanger's performance by adapting a peened stainless steel(SS)surface blasted with copper,grinding,sand,and *** influences peened SS surface modified with a copper blast,grinding,sandblast,and iron blast on the surface morphology of shell and tube heat exchanger surface(STHE)is analyzed via tungsten heated cathode electron gun featured scanning electron microscope and observed coarse grain *** SS surface featured STHE performance is experimentally evaluated by different flow rates(30,60,90,and 120 L/min)underwater fluid medium functioned by the temperature ranges of 25-75℃ and its results are compared with computational fluid dynamic(CFD)/heat transfer research(HTRI)analyzed *** 60 L/min flow rate was spotted as an optimum value for both shell and tube side *** STHE is operated with a 60 L/min flow rate under the different peened surfaces and evaluated its Stanton number,Nusselt number,logarithmic mean temperature difference(LMTD),overall heat transfer coefficient,number of transfer units(NTU),effectiveness,and exergy *** iron blasted SS peened surface was observed to have better SHTE performance like Stanton number(0.0012),Nusselt number(2180),reduced LMTD of 31℃,improved overall heat transfer co-efficient of 2400 W/(m^(2)·K),better NTU of 0.5532,good effectiveness value of 0.45162,and hiked exergy efficiency of 10% respectively.

关键词： penned surface performance analysis stainless steel shell and tube heat exchanger

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Analysis of Nuclear Structure Properties and Stellar β-decay Rates of Even–Even 106–120Zr Isotopes

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2025年第1期25卷 162-174页

作者： Abdul Kabir Jameel-Un Nabi Syeda Anmol Rida Izzah Anwaar Noor-Ul Ain Raza Hamad Almujibah department of Space Science Institute of Space Technology University of Wah department of Civil engineering College of EngineeringTaif University

The nuclear ground state properties of even–even106–120Zr nuclei have been investigated within the framework of the relativistic mean field （RMF） *** RMF model with density-dependent DDME2 and DDPC1interactions is utilized for the calculation of potential energy curves,the nuclear ground-state deformation parameters （β2）,neutron separation energies (S_nand S2n) and neutron skin thickness (rnp) of selected Zr ***,the β-decay properties of Zr isotopes were studied using the proton-neutron quasi-particle random phase approximation （pn-QRPA） *** include Gamow–Teller strength distributions,β-decay half-lives and stellar electron emission/positron capture *** β2values computed from the RMF model were employed in the pn-QRPA model as an input parameter for the calculations of β-decay properties for even–even106–120Zr *** stellar rates were computed using the pn-QRPA framework with three different types of deformation *** at high temperature （T9≥2） and low density (ρYe≤10～7g cm-3) values,the sum of electron emission and positron capture rates has a sizeable contribution （with positive exponents） to the stellar rates.

关键词： (stars:) supernovae: individual (r-process) abundances astroparticle physics elementary particles nuclear reactions nucleosynthesis

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Building Li-S batteries with enhanced temperature adaptability via a redox-active COF-based barrier-trapping electrocatalyst

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 702-712页

作者： Jie Xu Acheng Zhu Zhangyu Zheng Yiming Qi Yuwen Cheng Yongjie Cao Bo Peng Lianbo Ma Yonggang Wang School of Materials Science and engineering Key Laboratory of Efficient Conversion and Solid-state Storage of Hydrogen & Electricity of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials of Ministry of Education Anhui University of Technology department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Fudan University

Covalent organic frameworks（COFs） are promising materials for mitigating polysulfide shuttling in lithium-sulfur（Li-S） batteries,but enhancing their ability to convert polysulfides across a wide temperature range remains a challenge,Herein,we introduce a redox-active COF（RaCOF） that functions as both a physical barrier and a kinetic enhancer to improve the temperature adaptability of Li-S batteries,The RaCOF constructed from redox-active anthraquinone units accelerates polysulfide conversion kinetics through reversible C=O/C-OLi transformations within a voltage range of 1,7 to 2.8 V（***+/Li）,optimizing sulfur redox reactions in ether-based *** conventional COFs,RaCOF provides bidentate trapping of polysulfides,increasing binding energy and facilitating more effective polysulfide ***-situ XRD and ToF-SIMS analyses confirm that RaCOF enhances polysulfide adsorption and promotes the transformation of lithium sulfide（Li2S）,leading to better sulfur cathode ***,RaCOF-modified Li-S batteries demonstrate low self-discharge（4.0% decay over a 7-day rest）,excellent wide-temperature performance（stable from-10 to+60℃）,and high-rate cycling stability（94% capacity retention over 500 cycles at 5.0 C）.This work offers valuable insights for designing COF structures aimed at achieving temperature-adaptive performance in rechargeable batteries.

关键词： Covalent organic framework Lithium-sulfur batteries Redox-active property Wide-temperature adaptability

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The dynamic effects of solar eclipses of October 25,2022,and October 14,2023,on GPS-derived total electron content

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2025年第1期16卷 75-86页

作者： Vishal Chauhan Vishakha Rakesh Singh Shishupal Singh Vikram Singh Om Prakash Singh department of Physics Graphic Era Hill University department of Petroleum engineering Graphic Era (Deemed to be University) department of Physics St.John's College department of Applied Sciences & Humanities Institute of Engineering & Technology

This study analyzes total electron content(TEC) variations during two solar eclipse events that occurred on October 25, 2022, and October 14, 2023. The solar eclipse of October 25, 2022, was a partial solar eclipse, while the eclipse of October 14, 2023, was an annular solar eclipse. For this study, the data of eight International GNSS Service(IGS) stations from different eclipse coverage zones are used to analyze TEC variations. It is found that the stations located in the maximum eclipse cover zone exhibited notable decreases in TEC values. The minimum variation of about 11.76% in TEC values is observed at the station situating in about 20 percent eclipse cover zone, while it varies from 22% to 38% at the stations falling in about 60 percent eclipse cover zone. The highest variation in TEC values of about 44% is found at the stations in about 80 percent eclipse cover zone. The time of occurrence of maximum depletion in TEC values at each station is in line with their longitudinal sequence. Atmospheric gravity waves(AGWs) are also observed by performing wavelet analysis on TEC data. The global TEC maps visualize and confirm observed TEC variations, providing spatial and temporal insights into the ionospheric response. This analysis highlights the influence of station location and eclipse coverage on the magnitude and spatial distribution of TEC variations.

关键词： Solar eclipse Ionosphere GPS TEC AGW

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Direct ink writing of nickel oxide-based thin films for room temperature gas detection

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Journal of Semiconductors 2025年第1期46卷 245-258页

作者： Neha Thakur Hari Murthy Sudha Arumugam Neethu Thomas Aarju Mathew Koshy Parasuraman Swaminathan department of electronics and Communication engineering School of Engineering and TechnologyCHRIST UniversityKumbalagoduBengaluruKarnataka560074India department of Metallurgical and Materials engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennaiTamil Nadu600036India

The rapid industrial growth and increasing population have led to significant pollution and deterioration of the natural atmospheric *** atmospheric pollutants include NO_(2)and CO_(2).Hence,it is imperative to develop NO_(2)and CO_(2)sensors for ambient conditions,that can be used in indoor air quality monitoring,breath analysis,food spoilage detection,*** the present study,two thin film nanocomposite(nickel oxide-graphene and nickel oxide-silver nanowires)gas sensors are fabricated using direct ink *** nano-composites are investigated for their structural,optical,and electrical *** the nano-composite is deposited on the interdigitated electrode(IDE)pattern to form NO_(2)and CO_(2)*** deposited films are then exposed to NO_(2)and CO_(2)gases separately and their response and recovery times are determined using a custom-built gas sensing *** oxide-graphene provides a good response time and recovery time of 10 and 9 s,respectively for NO_(2),due to the higher electron affinity of graphene towards NO_(2).Nickel oxide-silver nanowire nano-composite is suited for CO_(2)gas because silver is an excellent electrocatalyst for CO_(2)by giving response and recovery times of 11 s *** is the first report showcasing NiO nano-composites for NO_(2)and CO_(2)sensing at room temperature.

关键词： nickel oxide graphene silver nanowires NO_(2) CO_(2) gas sensor

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Statistical analysis of regional STEC gradient trends for midlatitude ionosphere

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2025年第1期16卷 7-28页

作者： Meltem Koroglu Feza Arikan department of Telecommunication Design Plan-S Satellite and Space Technologies Inc. department of Electrical and electronics engineering Hacettepe University

In this study, the gradients of Total electron Content(TEC) for a midlatitude region are estimated and grouped with respect to the distance between neighboring stations, time periods within a day, and satellite directions. Annual medians of these gradients for quiet days are computed as templates. The metric distances(L2N) and Symmetric Kullback-Leibler Distances(SKLD) are obtained between the templates and the daily gradient series. The grouped histograms are fitted to the prospective Probability Density Functions(PDF). The method is applied to the Slant Total electron Content(STEC) estimates from the Turkish National Permanent GPS Network(TNPGN-Active) for 2015. The highest gradients are observed in the east-west axis with a maximum of 25 mm/km during a geomagnetic storm. The maximum differences from the gradient templates occur for neighboring stations within100-130 km distance away from each other, during night hours, and for regions bordering the Black Sea and the Mediterranean in the northeast and southeast of Turkey. The empirical PDFs of the stationpair gradients are predominantly Weibull-distributed. The mean values of Weibull PDFs in all station groups are between 1.2 and 1.8 mm/km, with an increase during noon and afternoon hours. The standard deviations of the gradient PDFs generally increase during night hours. The algorithm will form a basis for quantifying the stochastic variations of the spatial rate of change of TEC trends in midlatitude regions, thus supplementing reliable and accurate regional monitoring of ionospheric variability.

关键词： Ionospheric disturbances Ionospheric gradient Statistical modeling Ground based augmentation system

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Mossbauer,optical and structural properties of Fe^(3+) ion in borate glass

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年第1期43卷 162-170,I0006页

作者： Essam A.Elkelany Hesham Y.Amin A.Samir M.M.EL-Hady H.H.El-Bahnasawy Moukhtar A.Hassan Basic Science department Faculty of EngineeringSinai UniversityAl-Arish45511Egypt School of Information and Electrical engineering Hangzhou City UniversityHangzhou30015China State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Basic Science department Faculty of Engineering at ShoubraBenha University11629Egypt Physics department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar University11884CairoEgypt

Lanthanum-bearing iron lithium borate glass is a quaternary system for oxide glasses and was prepared via the melt-quenching *** present article correlates the structure,optical,ligand field and M?ssbauer data on iron lithium borate glass co ntaining La^(3+).The density was measured,while the molar volume was *** physical parameters are *** increasing the La_(2)O_(3) content within the glass network,infrared spectra analysis reveals structural modifications such as the increase in BO_(4) units and the decline in both BO_(3) units and NBO bonds ***,optical absorption spectra were *** absorption spectra disclose a plethora of electronic transitions that are related to Fe^(3+)in tetrahedral and octahedral sites,however,Fe^(2+)phase is not observed in optical spectra,but it has a clear signature in M?ssbauer ***,the glass absorption edges undergo a clear blue shift,reflecting an increased band gap energy(1.96-2.28 eV).The decline in NBO bonds justifies this ***,the values of crystal field splitting are increased,while the values of Racah parameters are *** trend is justified by the decline in NBO bonds and increases electron localization around Fe cations.M?ssbauer spectra confirm the existence of Fe^(3+)in tetrahedral and octahedral sites,while Fe^(2+)exists in only a tetrahedral *** increasing La_(2)O_(3) content,the isomer shift of Fe^(3+)in tetrahedral sites changes to be 0.312-0.329 mm/s,while the isomer shift of octahedral Fe^(3+)is 0.424-0.456 mm/*** findings coincide with optical *** the isomer shift of tetrahedral Fe^(2+)is 0.902-0.911 mm/*** results of structural,optical and ligand field associated with M?ssbauer spectra open more vistas toward the utility of these samples in the optics realm.

关键词： Fe3+ions Rare-earth oxide Mossbauer spectra Ligand field parameters Optical properties

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Concurrently Boosting Activity and Stability of Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts via Judiciously Crafting Fe-Mn Dual Atoms for Fuel Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第4期17卷 275-289页

作者： Lei Zhang Yuchen Dong Lubing Li Yuchuan Shi Yan Zhang Liting Wei Chung-Li Dong Zhiqun Lin Jinzhan Su International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049People’s Republic of China department of Physics Tamkang UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan 25137People’s Republic of China department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering National University of SingaporeEngineering Drive 4Singapore 117585Singapore

The ability to unlock the interplay between the activity and stability of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)represents an important endeavor toward creating robust ORR catalysts for efficient fuel ***,we report an effective strategy to concurrent enhance the activity and stability of ORR catalysts via constructing atomically dispersed Fe-Mn dualmetal sites on N-doped carbon(denoted(FeMn-DA)-N-C)for both anion-exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFC)and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC).The(FeMn-DA)-N-C catalysts possess ample dual-metal atoms consisting of adjacent Fe-N_(4)and Mn-N_(4)sites on the carbon surface,yielded via a facile doping-adsorption-pyrolysis *** introduction of Mn carries several advantageous attributes:increasing the number of active sites,effectively anchoring Fe due to effective electron transfer to Mn(revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density-functional theory(DFT),thus preventing the aggregation of Fe),and effectively circumventing the occurrence of Fenton reaction,thus reducing the consumption of ***(FeMn-DA)-N-C catalysts showcase half-wave potentials of 0.92 and 0.82 V in 0.1 M KOH and 0.1 M HClO_(4),respectively,as well as outstanding *** manifested by DFT calculations,the introduction of Mn affects the electronic structure of Fe,down-shifts the d-band Fe active center,accelerates the desorption of OH groups,and creates higher limiting *** AEMFC and PEMFC with(FeMn-DA)-N-C as the cathode catalyst display high power densities of 1060 and 746 mW cm^(-2),respectively,underscoring their promising potential for practical *** study highlights the robustness of designing Fe-containing dual-atom ORR catalysts to promote both activity and stability for energy conversion and storage materials and devices.

关键词： Doping-adsorption-pyrolysis Dual-atom catalysts Oxygen reduction reaction Fuel cells

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Design and Economic Evaluation of Grid-Connected PV Water Pumping Systems for Various Head Locations

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Energy engineering 2025年第2期122卷 561-576页

作者： Moien A.Omar Electrical engineering department An-Najah National UniversityNablusP400Palestine

This research investigates the design and optimization of a photovoltaic(PV)water pumping system to address seasonal water demands across five locations with varying elevation *** systemdraws water froma deep well with a static water level of 30mand a dynamic level of 50m,serving agricultural and livestock *** objective of this study is to accurately size a PV system that balances energy generation and demand while minimizing grid ***,the study presents a comprehensivemethodology to calculate flowrates,pumping power,daily energy consumption,and system ***,the PV system rating,energy output,and economic performance were evaluated using metrics such as discounted payback period(DPP),net present value(NPV),and sensitivity *** results show that a 2.74 kWp PV system is optimal,producing 4767 kWh/year to meet the system’s annual energy demand of 4686 *** summer,energy demand peaks at 1532.7 kWh,while in winter,it drops to 692.1 ***,flow rates range from 11.71 m3/h at 57 m head to 10.49 m^(3)/h at 70 m head,demonstrating the system’s adaptability to diverse hydraulic *** analysis reveals that at a 5%interest rate and an electricity price of$0.15/kWh,the NPV is$6981.82 with a DPP of 3.76 ***,a 30%increase in electricity prices improves the NPV to$10,005.18 and shortens the DPP to 2.76 years,whereas a 20%interest rate reduces the NPV to$1038.79 and extends the DPP to 6.08 ***,the annual PV energy generation exceeds total energy demand by 81 kWh,reducing grid dependency and lowering electricity ***,the PV system avoids approximately 3956.6 kg of CO_(2) emissions annually,underscoring its environmental benefits over traditional pumping *** a result,this study highlights the economic and environmental viability of PV-powered water pumping systems,offering actionable insights for sustainable energy solutions in agriculture.

关键词： PV pumping various head grid dependency net present value payback period

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