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Asymmetrical Fault Current Calculation Method and Influencing Factors Analysis of Droop-Controlled Inverters

CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 562-573页

作者： Huimin Zhao Zhikang Shuai Jun Ge An Luo Weimin Wu Z.John Shen College of electrical and Information engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410006China electrical engineering department Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai 201306China department of electrical and Computer engineering Ilinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoIL 60616 USA

Since the fault dynamic of droop-controlled inverter is different from synchronous generators (SGs), protection devices may become invalid, and the fault overcurrent may damage power electronic devices and threaten the safety of the microgrid. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive fault analysis of the inverter to guide the design of protection schemes. However, due to the complexity of droop control strategy, existing literatures have simplified asymmetric fault analysis of droop-controlled inverters to varying degrees. Therefore, accurate fault analysis of a droop-controlled inverter is needed. In this paper, by analyzing the control system, an accurate fault model is established. Based on this, a calculation method for instantaneous asymmetrical fault current is proposed. In addition, the current components and current characteristics are analyzed. It was determined that fault currents are affected by control loops, fault types, fault distance and nonlinear limiters. In particular, the influences of limiters on the fault model, fault current calculation and fault current characteristics were analyzed. Through detailed analysis, it was found that dynamics of the control loop cannot be ignored, the fault type and fault distance determine fault current level, and part of the limiters will totally change the fault current trend. Finally, calculation and experimental results verify the correctness of the proposed method.

关键词： Asymmetrical fault analysis droop control fault current calculation method limiter transient fault characteristics

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Mass-produced and uniformly luminescent photochromic fibers toward future interactive wearable displays

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 593-595页

作者： Yan Li Yikai Su department of electronic engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University200240 ShanghaiChina

Enabling flexible fibers with light-emitting capabilities has the potential to revolutionize the design of smart wearable interactive devices.A recent publication in Light Science&Application,an interdisciplinary team of scientists led by Prof.Yan-Qing Lu and Prof.Guangming Tao has realized a highly flexible,uniformly luminescent photochromic fiber based on a mass-produced thermal drawing method.It overcomes the shortcomings of existing commercial lightdiffusing fibers,exhibiting outstanding one-dimensional linear illumination performance.The research team integrated controllable photochromic fibers into various wearable interaction interfaces,providing a novel approach and insights to enable human-computer interaction.

关键词： interaction. fibers uniformly

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A novel DPSS filter optimization scheme to reduce the intrinsic interference of FBMC-QAM systems

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High Technology Letters 2024年第1期30卷 68-74页

作者：董琪阳 MA Tianming JIN Jie WU Zhong School of electrical and electronic engineering Shanghai University of Engineering ScienceShanghai 201620P.R.China

In order to reduce the intrinsic interference of the filter bank multicarrier-quadrature amplitude modulation(FBMC-QAM)system,a novel filter optimization scheme based on discrete prolate spheroidal sequences(DPSS)is proposed.Firstly,a prototype filter function based on DPSS is designed,since the eigenvalue can be used as an indicator of the energy concentration of DPSS,so a threshold is set,and the sequence with the most concentrated energy is selected under the threshold,that is,the sequence with the eigenvalue higher than the threshold,and the prototype filter function is rewritten as a weighted sum function of multiple eigenvectors.Under the energy constraints of the filter,the relationship between the eigenvectors and the intrinsic interference function is established,and the function problem is transformed into an optimization problem for the weighted coefficients.Through the interior point method,the most suitable weight is found to obtain the minimum intrinsic interference result.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that compared with the prototype filters such as Type1 and CaseC,the DPSS filter applying the proposed optimization algorithm can effectively suppress the intrinsic interference of the system and obtain a better bit error rate(BER)performance.

关键词： filter bank multicarrier-quadrature amplitude modulation(FBMC-QAM) intrinsic interference discrete prolate spheroidal sequences(DPSS) interior point method

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Storing Freshwater Versus Storing Electricity in Power Systems with High Freshwater Electric Demand

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 323-333页

作者： Mubarak J.Al-Mubarak Antonio J.Conejo department of electrical and Computer engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA department of electrical engineering Kuwait UniversityP.O.Box 5969Safat 13060Kuwait department of Integrated Systems engineering and the department of electrical and Computer engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA IEEE

We consider a power system whose electric demand pertaining to freshwater production is high(high freshwater electric demand),as in the Middle East,and investigate the tradeoff of storing freshwater in tanks versus storing electricity in batteries at the day-ahead operation stage.Both storing freshwater and storing electricity increase the actual electric demand at valley hours and decrease it at peak hours,which is generally beneficial in term of cost and reliability.But,to what extent?We analyze this question considering three power systems with different generation-mix configurations,i.e.,a thermal-dominated mix,a renewable-dominated one,and a fully renewable one.These generation-mix configurations are inspired by how power systems may evolve in different countries in the Middle East.Renewable production uncertainty is compactly modeled using chance constraints.We draw conclusions on how both storage facilities(freshwater and electricity)complement each other to render an optimal operation of the power system.

关键词： Power system operation freshwater production and transportation coordination day-ahead scheduling

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Tube Model Predictive Control Based Cyber-attack-resilient Optimal Voltage Control Strategy in Wind Farms

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 530-538页

作者： Zhenming Li Minghao Wang Yunfeng Yan Donglian Qi Zhao Xu Jianliang Zhang Zezhou Wang College of electrical electronic engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China department of electrical engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina Haiyan power supply company of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co. LtdHangzhouChina

Optimal voltage controls have been widely applied in wind farms to maintain voltage stability of power grids.In order to achieve optimal voltage operation,authentic grid information is widely needed in the sensing and actuating processes.However,this may induce system vulnerable to malicious cyber-attacks.To this end,a tube model predictive control-based cyber-attack-resilient optimal voltage control method is proposed to achieve voltage stability against malicious cyber-attacks.The proposed method consists of two cascaded model predictive controllers(MPC),which outperform other peer control methods in effective alleviation of adverse effects from cyber-attacks on actuators and sensors of the system.Finally,efficiency of the proposed method is evaluated in sensor and actuator cyber-attack cases based on a modified IEEE 14 buses system and IEEE 118 buses system.Index Terms-Attack-resilient control,optimal voltage control,tube-based model predictive control,wind farm-connected power system.

关键词： Attack-resilient control optimal voltage control tube-based model predictive control wind farm-connected power system

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DC Traction Power Supply System Based on Modular Multilevel Converter Suitable for Energy Feeding and De-icing

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 649-659页

作者： Lingxi Hou Shuqing Zhang Yingdong Wei Xiaoqian Li Qirong Jiang Mingrui Li Weirui Li department of electrical engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

A novel DC traction power supply system suitable for energy feeding and de-icing is proposed in this paper for an urban rail transit catenary on the basis of the full bridge submodule (FBSM) modular multilevel converter (MMC). The FBSM-MMC is a novel type of voltage source converter (VSC) and can directly control the output DC voltage and conduct bipolar currents, thus flexibly controlling the power flow of the urban rail transit catenary. The proposed topology can overcome the inherent disadvantages of the output voltage drop in the diode rectifier units, increase the power supply distance and reduce the number of traction substations. The flexible DC technology can coordinate multiple FBSM-MMCs in a wide area and jointly complete the bidirectional control of catenary power flow during the operation of the electric locomotive, so as to realize the local consumption and optimal utilization of the recovered braking energy of the train. In addition, the FBSM-MMCs can also adjust the output current when the locomotive is out of service to prevent the catenary from icing in winter. The working modes of the proposed topology are illustrated in detail and the control strategy is specially designed for normal locomotive operations and catenary de-icing. Simulation cases conducted by PSCAD/EMTDC validate the proposed topology and its control strategy.

关键词： DC traction power supply system de-icing for catenary energy feeding modular multilevel converter based on full-bridge submodules(FBSM-MMC) urban rail transit

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Dynamic Setting Method of Assessment Indicators for Power Curves of Renewable Energy Sources Considering Scarcity of Reserve Resources

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第1期12卷 101-114页

作者： Minghao Cao Jilai Yu the department of electrical engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina

With the increasing proportion of renewable energy sources(RESs)in power grid,the reserve resource(RR)scarcity for correcting power deviation of RESs has become a potential issue.Consequently,the power curve of RES needs to be more rigorously assessed.The RR scarcity varies during different time periods,so the values of assessment indicators should be dynamically adjusted.The assessment indicators in this paper include two aspects,i.e.,deviation exemption ratio and penalty price.Firstly,this paper proposes a method for dynamically calculating the supply capacity and RR cost,primarily taking into account the operating status of thermal units,forecast information of RES,and load curve.Secondly,after clarifying the logical relationship between the degree of RR scarcity and the values of assessment indicators,this paper establishes a mapping function between them.Based on this mapping function,a dynamic setting method for assessment indicators is proposed.In the future,RES will generally be equipped with battery energy storage systems(BESSs).Reasonably utilizing BESSs to reduce the power deviation of RESs can increase the expected income of RESs.Therefore,this paper proposes a power curve optimization strategy for RESs considering self-owned BESSs.The case study demonstrates that the dynamic setting method of assessment indicators can increase the revenue of RESs while ensuring that the penalty fees paid by RESs to the grid are sufficient to cover the RR costs.Additionally,the power curve optimization strategy can help RESs further increase income and fully utilize BESSs to reduce power deviation.

关键词： Renewable energy battery energy storage system(BESS) power curve assessment reserve service parameter setting

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Improved Subsynchronous Oscillation Parameter Identification with Synchrophasor Based on Matrix Pencil Method in Power Systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第1期12卷 22-33页

作者： Xiaoxue Zhang Fang Zhang Wenzhong Gao Jinghan He the School of electrical engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China the department of electrical and Computer engineering University of DenverDenverUSA

The subsynchronous oscillations(SSOs)related to renewable generation seriously affect the stability and safety of the power systems.To realize the dynamic monitoring of SSOs by utilizing the high computational efficiency and noise-resilient features of the matrix pencil method(MPM),this paper propos es an improved MPM-based parameter identification with syn chrophasors.The MPM is enhanced by the angular frequency fitting equations based on the characteristic polynomial coeffi cients of the matrix pencil to ensure the accuracy of the identi fied parameters,since the existing eigenvalue solution of the MPM ignores the angular frequency conjugation constraints of the two fundamental modes and two oscillation modes.Then,the identification and recovery of bad data are proposed by uti lizing the difference in temporal continuity of the synchropha sors before and after noise reduction.The proposed parameter identification is verified with synthetic,simulated,and actual measured phase measurement unit(PMU)data.Compared with the existing MPM,the improved MPM achieves better accuracy for parameter identification of each component in SSOs,better real-time performance,and significantly reduces the effect of bad data.

关键词： Subsynchronous oscillations(SSOs) synchrophasor parameter identification matrix pencil method bad data

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Electron-beam-driven anomalous Doppler effects in Smith–Purcell radiation

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Photonics Research 2024年第1期12卷 78-84页

作者： XIAOQIUYAN ZHANG TIANYU ZHANG ZHUOCHENG ZHANG XINGXING XU DIWEI LIU ZHAOYUN DUAN YANYU WEI YUBIN GONG LIANG JIE WONG MIN HU Terahertz Research Center School of Electronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Key Laboratory of Terahertz Technology Ministry of EducationChengdu 610054China School of electrical and electronic engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

The interaction between electrons and matter is an effective means of light emission,through mechanisms including Cherenkov radiation and Smith–Purcell radiation(SPR).In this study,we show that the superlight inverse Doppler effects can be realized in reverse Smith–Purcell radiation excited by a free electron beam with a homogeneous substrate.In particular,we find that two types of anomalous SPR exist in the homogenous substrate:special SPR and reverse SPR.Our results reveal that the electron velocity can be tuned to simultaneously excite different combinations of normal SPR,special SPR,and reverse SPR.The proposed manifold light radiation mechanism can offer greater versatility in controlling and shaping SPR.

关键词： anomalous beam Electron

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Electron beam lithography on nonplanar and irregular surfaces

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 1-23页

作者： Chenxu Zhu Huseyin Ekinci Aixi Pan Bo Cui Xiaoli Zhu department of electrical and Computer engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology(WIN) University of WaterlooWaterlooONCanada

E-beam lithography is a powerful tool for generating nanostructures and fabricating nanodevices with fine features approaching a few nanometers in size.However,alternative approaches to conventional spin coating and development processes are required to optimize the lithography procedure on irregular surfaces.In this review,we summarize the state of the art in nanofabrication on irregular substrates using e-beam lithography.To overcome these challenges,unconventional methods have been developed.For instance,polymeric and nonpolymeric materials can be sprayed or evaporated to form uniform layers of electron-sensitive materials on irregular substrates.Moreover,chemical bonds can be applied to help form polymer brushes or self-assembled monolayers on these surfaces.In addition,thermal oxides can serve as resists,as the etching rate in solution changes after e-beam exposure.Furthermore,e-beam lithography tools can be combined with cryostages,evaporation systems,and metal deposition chambers for sample development and lift-off while maintaining low temperatures.Metallic nanopyramids can be fabricated on an AFM tip by utilizing ice as a positive resistor.Additionally,Ti/Au caps can be patterned around a carbon nanotube.Moreover,3D nanostructures can be formed on irregular surfaces by exposing layers of anisole on organic ice surfaces with a focused e-beam.These advances in e-beam lithography on irregular substrates,including uniform film coating,instrumentation improvement,and new pattern transferring method development,substantially extend its capabilities in the fabrication and application of nanoscale structures.

关键词： lithography beam coating

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