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Work-family conflict and job burn-out among Chinese doctors:the mediating role of coping styles

General Psychiatry 2018年第4期31卷 24-30页

作者： Ling Chen Junjun Liu Hailong Yang Hui Ma Hui Wang Yun Huang Hao Cheng Dianzhen Tang Miao Liu Houyuan Luo Haitao Qu Diwen Shen Ning Zhang department of Clinical psychology Jiangsu Province Geriatric InstituteNanjingChina department of Psychiatry Nanjing Meishan HospitalNanjingChina department of Clinical psychology Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina department of Clinical psychology Nanjing Brain Hospital Affliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina department of Neurology Lianyungang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine LianyungangChina Medical Insurance Audit department Medical Insurance Management and Service BureauHangzhouChina educational and Counseling department of Mental Health Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjingChina Customer Service department Tuniu CorporationNanjingChina College of Education Weifang University of Science and TechnologyHuaifangChina department of educational psychology University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada Institute of Health Management Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational CollegeNanjingChina

Background Burn-out among doctors threatens their own health, and that of their patients. To identify risk factors of the doctor burn-out is vital to improving their health and increasing the quality of healthcare services. This study aims to explore the relationship between work-family confict （WFC） and burn-out among Chinese doctors and the mediating role of coping styles in this *** A cross-sectional survey was conducted in China, with a questionnaire packet which consisted of the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory （CMBI）, WFC Scale and the Simplifed Coping Style Questionnaire （SCSQ）. A total of 2530 doctors participated in the survey. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between CMBI, WFC and SCSQ scores. A linear regression model was set to determine the mediating role of coping styles on the relationship between WFC and *** Doctors who had higher scores on work interfering with family confict, reported more emotional exhaustion （r=0.514, P〈0.001） and had a sense of accomplishment （r= 0.149, P〈0.001）. Simultaneously, family interfering with work （FIW） was positively associated with all dimensions of burn-out （r=0.213, 0.504, 0.088, respectively, P〈0.001）. Coping styles had partial, complete and even mediating effects on the relationship between WFC and burn-out among Chinese *** WFC was correlated with burn-out, and coping style was a mediator in this relationship among Chinese doctors. Coping style was a positive resource against burn-out.

关键词： Work-family confict and job burn-out among Chinese doctors the mediating role of coping styles

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The early development of face processing——What makes faces special?

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2012年第6期28卷 765-788页

作者： Stefanie Hoehl Stefanie Peykarjou department of psychology University of HeidelbergHauptstr47-51 Heidelberg 69117Germany

In the present article we review behavioral and neurophysiological studies on face processing in adults and in early development. From the existing empirical and theoretical literature we derive three aspects that distinguish face processing from the processing of other visual object categories. Each of these aspects is discussed from a developmental perspective. First, faces are recognized and represented at the individual level rather than at the basic level. Second, humans typically acquire extensive expertise in individuating faces from early on in development. And third, more than other objects, faces are processed holistically. There is a quantitative difference in the amount of visual experience for faces and other object categories in that the amount of expertise typically acquired for faces is greater than that for other object categories. In addition, we discuss possible qualitative differences in experience for faces and objects. For instance, there is evidence for a sensitive period in infancy for building up a holistic face representation and for perceptual narrowing for faces of one＇s own species and race. We conclude our literature review with questions for future research, for instance, regarding the exact relationship between behavioral and neuronal markers of face processing across development.

关键词： face processing development infants visual expertise holistic processing event-related potential

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An evolutionary life history approach to understanding mental health

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General Psychiatry 2020年第6期33卷 381-389页

作者： Wen Han Bin-Bin Chen department of psychology Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina

In recent years,evolutionary life history theory has been used as a heuristic framework to understand mental *** article reviews the life history theory and its integration with mental disorders and then introduces representative research methods and related empirical studies in the field of evolutionary *** the end,this article concludes with future directions for further research examining and developing the evolutionary psychopathological framework.

关键词： evolutionary life has

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Tea in cardiovascular health and disease:a critical appraisal of the evidence

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第3期11卷 445-454页

作者： Klaus W.Lange department of Experimental psychology University of RegensburgRegensburg 93040Germany

The findings of various epidemiological studies,interventions using randomized controlled trials and mechanistic experiments have suggested a protective role of tea and its bioactive components in cardiovascular *** potential of tea in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)has therefore attracted increasing research ***,in particular flavonoids,found in both green and black tea,have been suggested to play a primary role in the reduction of CVD *** promising results regarding the effects of tea on blood pressure and other CVD-related biomarkers have been found in preclinical experiments,the effects demonstrated in human studies are modest and less *** discrepancy may be explained,at least in part,by different research strategies used in human and animal ***,since tea is globally one of the most commonly consumed beverages,even small beneficial effects in humans may shift the population distribution of CVD risk,with major implications for public ***,research conducted to date does not yield sufficiently robust evidence to allow a recommendation as to an optimal level of tea consumption as an element of health policies seeking to prevent hypertension and improve cardiovascular health.

关键词： Tea Cardiovascular diseases Health Prevention Treatment

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Food science and COVID-19

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2021年第1期10卷 1-5页

作者： Klaus W.Lange department of Experimental psychology University of RegensburgRegensburgGermany

Theories proposing a role of specific dietary components or food supplements in the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 have received extensive social media coverage.A multitude of scientific publications have also pointed to the importance of food and nutrition in combating the COVID-19 *** present perspective critically addresses the question of what food science can actually contribute in this *** studies suggest that micronutrients,food bioactives or functional foods may carry the potential to augment viral ***,the specific roles of food components in viral infectious diseases in humans remain *** research assessing the efficacy of food compounds in counteracting infections would require long-term randomized controlled trials in large *** no foods,single nutrients or dietary supplements are capable of preventing infection with COVID-19,a balanced diet containing sufficient amounts of macronutrients and diverse micronutrients is a prerequisite of an optimally functioning immune ***-energy diets and obesity are major risk factors for a more severe course of ***,population-wide body weight control and weight reduction in overweight people are important preventive *** may play a beneficial role in maintaining a healthy body weight and preventing non-communicable conditions.

关键词： COVID-19 Food science Micronutrients Functional foods Obesity

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Green tea, epigallocatechin gallate and the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: clinical evidence

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第4期11卷 765-770页

作者： Klaus W.Lange Katharina M.Lange Yukiko Nakamura department of Experimental psychology University of RegensburgRegensburg 93040Germany

Given its increasing global prevalence,Alzheimer’s disease(AD)has become a major public health challenge *** symptomatic treatments available for AD have shown no significant efficacy,and no disease-modifying interventions are capable of slowing the progression of the *** potential of lifestyle-related factors,including diet,is increasingly recognized as an important consideration in the primary prevention of *** mechanisms potentially underlying neuroprotective effects of bioactive components contained in tea,such as(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate,as well as their preventive efficacy against AD,have been elucidated in preclinical ***,in contrast to the abundance of mechanistic findings in animals,clinical results demonstrating efficacy in humans are *** epidemiological studies have provided some evidence indicating that green tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of age-related cognitive decline and AD,a causal relationship cannot be established on the basis of these *** clinical evidence regarding preventive or therapeutic effects of green tea and its bioactive components is unsatisfactory.A role of green tea in the prevention of AD cannot be recommended until well-designed,randomized,placebo-controlled clinical trials using standardized formulations confirm the purported beneficial effects of green tea.

关键词： Green tea Epigallocatechin gallate Alzheimer’s disease Neurodegeneration Prevention

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Does Missing Data in studies of Hard-to-Reach Populations Bias Results? Not Necessarily

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Open Journal of Statistics 2017年第2期7卷 264-289页

作者： Anneliese C. Bolland Sara Tomek John M. Bolland Institute for Social Science Research The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama USA department of educational studies in psychology Research Methodology and Counseling The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama USA

Missing data are always an issue in community-based longitudinal studies, calling into question the representativeness of samples and bias in conclusions, the research has generated. This may be due to the difficulty of implementing random sampling procedures in these studies and/or the inherent difficulty in sampling hard-to-reach segments of the population being studied. In fact, the ability to accurately study hard-to-reach populations in light of potential bias created by missing data remains an open question. In this study, missing data are defined as both failure to interview potential research participants identified in the sampling frame and failure to retain enrolled research participants longitudinally. Using the sample from the Mobile Youth Survey, a multiple-cohort, longitudinal study of adolescents living in highly impoverished neighborhoods in Mobile, Alabama, we examined sample representativeness and dropout to determine whether missing data led to a nonrepresentative, and therefore, biased sample. Results indicate that even though random procedures are not strictly used to draw the sample, (a) the sample appears to be largely representative of the population that was studied, and (b) attrition is largely uncorrelated with characteristics of those who dropped out. This suggests that it is possible to study with validity hard-to reach populations in community settings.

关键词： Hard-to-Reach Populations Missing Data Representativeness Community-Based Research

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Comparative study of two modeling approaches for predicting heavy metals contaminant migration from polyethylene bags

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第3期9卷 194-200页

作者： Noble Banadda Fredrick Lule Cornelius Sempala Julia Kigozi department of Agricultural and Bio-Systems Engineering Makerere UniversityUganda department of educational Foundations and Curriculum Makerere UniversityUganda

Plasto-Foam brand,medium size of 30 mm thickness(black and green)commonly used polyethylene bags for preparing foods were selected from those available in local *** polyethylene bag samples were crushed into pieces,ashed and then acid digested to determine the concentrations of heavy metals selected(Pb,Cr,Co and Cd)using Atomic Absorption *** the polyethylene samples were tested positive for heavy *** of heavy metals in polyethylene bags ranged from 1080 ppm to 1725 ppm,76 ppm to 112 ppm,35 ppm to 52 ppm,18 ppm to 31 ppm for Pb,Cd,Cr and Co,***-eight posho(Ugali)samples were prepared and wrapped in these polyethylene bags and migration studies were carried out at 65°C and 80°*** experimental data obtained were then compared to the modeled data using the models developed by Baner et al.,and Limm and Hollifield to determine which model was a better *** fitting was done based on Non-linear least square analysis using Microsoft EXCEL *** and partition coefficients both between food and the contact material were also obtained by fitting experimental data to the model *** modeling approaching could best describe the experimental data of the measured *** study revealed that all polyethylene bags showed highest contaminant concentration(above USFDA limit)of Pb,Cd,Cr and Co,respectively confirming the potential health risk to individuals if continuously eat food thermally prepared in polyethylene bags.

关键词： heavy metals polyethylene bags migration mathematical models

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Thinking about worry:A systematic review and meta-analysis on the assessment of metacognitions in children and adolescents

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第9期11卷 635-658页

作者： Laura M Kocher Kai Schneider Hanna Christiansen department of psychology University of MarburgMarburg 35037Germany department of Clinical Child and Adolescent psychology University of LandauLandau 76829Germany

BACKGROUND The metacognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder identifies three forms of metacognition:Positive metacognitive beliefs about worry(POS),negative metacognitive beliefs about worry(NEG),and *** this model was originally developed relying on adult samples,it has since been applied to children and youth in different studies,and results mostly support its validity for this *** the roles of POS,meta-worry,and age-effects do not appear to be fully clarified for children and adolescents yet,an integration of studies on children and adolescents and the metacognitive model is both timely and *** To summarize the current research on relationships,age-effects,and measurements for POS,NEG,and meta-worry in childhood and *** We carried out a literature search in the electronic databases PsycINFO,PubMed,PSYNDEX,and ERIC in 2017 and updated in *** research in German or English language on metacognition was included with child and adolescent samples diagnosed with anxiety disorders or healthy controls if POS,NEG,or meta-worry were *** were included for meta-analysis if they reported correlations between these metacognitions and anxiety or *** rating for eligibility was done for 20.89% of full-texts with 90.32% *** of bias was assessed with the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies and consensus rating of appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies for 20.83% of included studies attaining agreement of intraclass correlation=***,correlations between metacognitions,anxiety and worry were calculated with RevMan 5.4.1,assuming random-effects ***-regressions with mean age as the covariate were performed via the online tool MetaMar ***-ID:*** Overall,k=763 records and k=78 additional records were *** those,k=48 studies with 12839 participants were included and of those,k=24 studies were included for *** studie

关键词： Metacognition Anxiety Child Adolescent Measures Meta-analysis

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Non-pharmacological cognitive intervention for aging and dementia:Current perspectives

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2013年第8期1卷 233-241页

作者： Jorge Alves Rosana Magalh?es álvaro Machado óscar F Gon?alves Adriana Sampaio Agavni Petrosyan Neuropsychophysiology Lab CIPsiSchool of PsychologyUniversity of Minho4710-057BragaPortugal department of Neurology Hospital de Braga4710-243 BragaPortugal department of Counseling and Applied educational psychology Bouvé College of Health SciencesNortheastern UniversityBostonMA 02115United States department of Cognitive Sciences University of California at IrvineIrvineCA 92717United States

In recent years, cognitive difficulties associated with normal aging and dementia have been receiving increased attention from both public and scientific communities. With an increase in overall lifespan, promoting healthy cognition has become a priority and a necessity for minimizing and preventing individual and societal burdens associated with cognitive dysfunctions in the elderly. The general awareness concerning the efficacy of preventive(e.g., lifestyles) and palliative treatment strategies of cognitive impairments, related to either healthy or unhealthy trajectories in cognitive aging, is continuously rising. There are several therapeutic strategies which can be broadly classified as either pharmacological or non-pharmacological/psychosocial. In face of the modest evidence for success of pharmacological treatments, especially for dementia related impairments, psychosocial interventions are progressively considered as a complementary treatment. Despite the relative spread of psychosocial interventions in clinical settings, research in this area is rather scarce with evidence for success of these therapies remaining controversial. In this work we provide an evidence based perspective on cognitive intervention(s) for healthy aging, pre-dementia(mild cognitive impairment), and dementia populations. Current evidence and future directions for improving cognitive functions in the elderly are discussed as well.

关键词： Dementia Aging Cognitive intervention Cognition Non-pharmacological therapies

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