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Significance of fostering the mental health of patients with diabetes through critical time intervention

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第36期11卷 8486-8497页

作者： Chiedu Eseadi Amos Nnaemeka Amedu Henry Egi Aloh department of educational psychology Faculty of EducationUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburg 2006GautengSouth Africa department of Health Services Alex Ekwueme Federal UniversityNdufu-Alike Ikwo 482131Ebonyi StateNigeria

BACKGROUND Critical time intervention(CTI)is an evidence-based model of practice that is time-limited and aims to provide support for most susceptible individuals during a transition *** To examine the significance of fostering the mental health of diabetes patients through CTI using the scoping review *** As part of the scoping review process,we followed the guidelines established by the Joanna Briggs *** search databases were Google Scholar,PubMed,Scopus,PsycINFO,Reference Citation Analysis(https://***/),and Cochrane *** these databases,77 articles were retrieved with the aid of carefully selected search ***,19 studies were selected after two reviewers appraised the full texts to ensure that they are all eligible for inclusion,while 54 papers were *** This study revealed that diabetic patients who had experienced homelessness were at higher risk of being diagnosed with mental illness and that social support services are impactful in the management of the comorbidity of diabetes and mental health *** addition,this review reveals that CTI is impactful in enhancing the mental health of homeless patients during the transitional period from the hospital through social support *** CTI is a promising intervention for alleviating mental health symptoms in homeless *** studies are needed across the globe,involving both hospitalized and community-based patients,to determine how clinically effectively CTI is in managing the mental health of diabetics.

关键词： Comorbidity Critical time intervention Diabetes Homeless patients Mental illness

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Comprehension of functional support by enculturated chimpanzees Pan troglodytes

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 429-440页

作者： Anna M. YOCOM Sarah T. BOYSEN department of psychology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA

studies of causal understanding of tool relationships in captive chimpanzees have yielded disparate findings, particularly those reported by Povinelli ＆ colleagues （2000） for tool tasks by laboratory chimpanzees. The present set of experiments tested nine enculturated chimpanzees on three versions of a support task, as described by Povinelli （2000）, during which food re- wards were presented in different experimental configurations. In Experiment 1, stimulus pairs included a choice between a cloth with a reward on the upper right comer or with a second reward off the cloth, adjacent to a comer, with the second pair comprised of a cloth with food on the upper right comer, and a second cloth with the reward on the substrate, partially covered. All subjects were successful with both test conditions in Experiment 1. In a second study, the experimental choices included one of two possi- ble correct options, paired with one of three incorrect options, with the three incorrect choices all involving varying degrees of perceptual containment. All nine chimpanzees scored significantly above chance across all six conditions. In Experiment 3, four unique conditions were presented, combining one of two possible correct choices with one of two incorrect choices. Six of the subjects scored significantly above chance across the four conditions, and group performance on individual conditions was also significant. Superior performance was demonstrated by female subjects in Experiment 3, similar to sex differences in tool use previously reported for wild chimpanzees and some tool tasks in captive chimpanzees. The present results for Experiments 2 ＆ 3 were significantly differed from those reported by Povinelli et al. （2000） for laboratory-born, peer-reared chimpanzees. One contribution towards the dramatic differences between the two study populations may be the significant rearing and housing differences of the chimpanzee groups. One explanation is that under conditions of enculturat

关键词： Chimpanzees Comparative cognition Tool use Causality

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The effect of attention to distractor on inhibitory processes in selective attention

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第16期50卷 1743-1750页

作者： GENG Haiyan SONG Qianlan LI Yunfeng ZHU Ying department of psychology Peking University Beijing 100871 China department of psychology Purdue university West Lafayette IN 47906 USA

Selective attention has been viewed as a dual- process mechanism, that is, exciting targets and inhibiting distractors. Most early studies concentrated mainly on the target-excitation, whereas recent investigations began to pay more attention to the inhibitory selective attention mecha-nism. A measure named negative priming (NP) was exten-sively employed to probe into the inhibitory processes. The Houghton and Tipper Model put forward a notion: the inhi-bition that feeds back to the distractor is reactive. That means, the level of inhibition is determined by the activation state of the distractor. Distractors that are more salient and intrude into the control of action receive greater inhibitory feedbacks than less salient distractors. Because increasing attention to an object would enhance the early processing of this object, we thus hypothesized that augmenting the level of attention to a distractor might lead to a higher level of inhi-bition, revealed as a corresponding augmentation in the magnitude of NP effect. To test this assumption, an object- based identification task was then applied, and participants were asked to make the animate/inanimate categorization. Attention level was manipulated by varying the relative spa-tial locations of target and distractor (overlapped or sepa-rated). A reliable greater NP effect was found in the over-lapped than separated condition, indicating that distractors under the high-level attention condition (overlapped) got greater initial excitation, and then evoked greater subsequent inhibitory feedbacks, therefore resulting in a larger NP effect. These results provide direct evidence for the reactive inhibi-tion suggested by the Houghton and Tipper model. Mean-while a coincident greater positive priming (PP) effect was obtained under the overlapped than separated condition, which could be attributed to the higher level of target activa-tion in the overlapped condition. The covariation of NP and PP effects further confirmed that

关键词：选择性阴性爆炸物抑制过程干涉效果

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Motivation dimensions for running a marathon:A new model emerging from the Motivation of Marathon Scale(MOMS)

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第3期6卷 302-310页

作者： Sima Zach Yan Xia Aviva Zeev Michal Arnon Noa Choresh Gershon Tenenbaum Zinman College for Physical Education and Sport Sciences Wingate InstituteNetanya 42902Israel department of educational psychology and Learning Systems College of EducationFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306-4453USA

Purpose：The aim of this study was to test and expand the Motivation of Marathoners Scale（MOMS） model（Masters et al.,1993）.Methods：The MOMS questionnaire was distributed to 306 male and female marathon runners（age range：20–77 years） with experience in marathon running（range：1–44 runs）.A confirmatory factor analysis（CFA） revealed that the original Purpose：The aim of this study was to test and expand the Motivation of Marathoners Scale（MOMS） model（Masters et al.,1993）.Methods：The MOMS questionnaire was distributed to 306 male and female marathon runners（age range：20-77 years） with experience in marathon running（range：1-44 runs）.A confirmatory factor analysis（CFA） revealed that the original model failed to fit the ***,exploratory factor analysis（EFA） was performed to test the best factorial solution for the current data,and a subsequent CFA was performed on the revised factorial ***,a series of EFAs using maximum likelihood factor extraction method were ***：The best structure solution for model-data fit resulted in 11 factors：psychological coping-emotional-related coping,psychological coping-everyday-life management,life meaning,self-esteem,recognition,affiliation,weight concerns,general health orientation-reduced disease prevalence and longevity,general health orientation-keep fit,competition,and personal goal ***：This study provides a sound and solid framework for studying motivation for physically demanding tasks such as marathon runs,and needs to be similarly applied and tested in studies incorporating physical tasks which vary in mental demands.

关键词： Exercise adherence Marathon Motives Psychological characteristics

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An efficiency way to examine creative cognitive ability

An efficiency way to examine creative cognitive ability

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全国教育与心理统计与测量学术年会暨第八届海峡两岸心理与教育测验学术研讨会

作者： Hung Su-Pin Chen Hsueh-Chih department of educational psychology and Counseling NTNU

Significance of the study During the economical knowledge times,creativity has been considered as the key to increase interests of *** 2002,the Ministry of Education specifically initiated a series of projects aimed at making Taiwan a "Republic of Creativity"(R.O.C.) and declared White Paper on Creative Education at the same *** fully examine the efficacy of these relevant policies and strategies,the Advisory office of the Ministry of Education initiated a series of research project in 2005,and attempted to set up creative longitudinal ***,the pilot study started at high school level and attempted to elucidate if the creative program upgraded creative abilities of *** do so,searching suitable measurement became the most important task.

关键词： cognitive creative ability Chinese Remote Association Test:Insight Problems:constrained divergent thinking test

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Understanding Higher Vocational Education in China:Vocationalism vs Confucianism

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Frontiers of Education in China 2011年第4期6卷 495-520页

作者： Jie XIONG department of educational Policy studies University of AlbertaEdmonton AB T6G 2G5Canada

The development of higher vocational education in China embodies a global trend of vocationalism that values skills and skilled workers,which is opposite,in some ways,to the Confucian tradition in Chinese education that values theoretical knowledge related to good *** the cultural trend supporting the development of higher vocational education,vocationalism is implicated in certain challenges including high tuition fees,limited upward mobility,and neglect of the humanities in *** for moral education,and mechanisms for upward mobility on equal terms for all,which are fundamental elements of Confucianism,may help resolve these *** paper embodies the dialectic of a global trend and local culture in educational reform within the context of globalization.

关键词： higher vocational education vocationalism Confucianism globalization

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A Comparative Analysis of Psychological Disorders between Internet Addicted Students and Ordinary Internet Users in Zabol University of Medical Sciences

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2015年第9期5卷 377-386页

作者： Hasan Ali Miri MA Student of educational psychology Department of Psychology Zahedan Branch Islamic Azad University Zahedan Iran

Nowadays, using the Internet, for academic and non-academic activities, is an integral part of students’ daily life. studies showed that excessive use of the Internet has negative effects on physical and mental health. The present research was conducted in order to compare the psychological disorders of Internet addicted students and ordinary Internet users in Zabol University of medical sciences. It applied a causal-comparative method. Through applying purposive sampling method, 252 undergraduate and postgraduate students of Zabol University of Medical Sciences were selected in May 2015. Data collection was performed using standard questionnaires of Young’s Internet Addiction Test and the Symptom Check List 90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Data analysis was carried out using independent t-test with SPSS21. Results indicated that the Internet addicted students, compared with ordinary Internet users had more psychological disorders. Considering the high prevalence of psychological disorders in the Internet addicted students, teaching appropriate use of the Internet to students is an important factor in controlling the Internet addiction.

关键词： Internet Addiction Psychological Disorders Students

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Quality Provision of Comprehensive Sexuality Education and Sexual and Reproductive Health in Resource Constrained Higher Education Institutions: A Case of Mukuba University

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2023年第3期11卷 47-59页

作者： Evans Lifuka Lazarous Chanda department of educational studies Mukuba University Kitwe Zambia

In an effort to ensure that Institutions of Higher Learning provide quality Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) and Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) at the level of Universities and Colleges, indeveloping countries such as Zambia, some universities have engaged in offering programmes and services in CSE and SRH. However, the provision of such programmes has had some limitations in terms of resources to ensure quality delivery. As a result, there was a need to examine the provision of CSE and SRH in a resource constrained Mukuba University. The study has three research objectives: 1) to examine the CSE and SRH programmes and services that are available at Mukuba University;2) to determine the actual resources available for the University to ensure quality provision of CSE and SRH to students;3) to use views and opinions of students and academics to examine the extent to which the CSE and SRH are reflected as standards by UNESCO and universities and colleges. The study took a pragmatic philosophy stance and convergent parallel research design of mixed methods;the primary approach is qualitative which will be analysed using thematic analysis, while the quantitative approach was secondary and the data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The study envisaged some implications that include the rise in communicable diseases such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), gender based violence, general lack of information on matters relating to CSE and SRH among students at Mukuba University. The policy implication is that policy makers will be able to formulate policies that address the needs and challenges of students in providing quality CSE and SRH programmes and services for a university that is constrained with resources. The study found that there was a need to contextualize the quality provision of CSE and SRH at an institutional level, for instance, Mukuba University has created an enabling environment for qua

关键词： Quality Comprehensive Sexuality Education Sexual and Reproductive Health

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Implications for brainstem recovery from studies in primates after sensory loss from arm

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 479-480页

作者： Jamie L.Reed Hui-Xin Qi Jon H.Kaas department of psychology Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA

For decades,researchers have known that when neurons lose their activating inputs,they can atrophy and even *** example,removing sensory nerve inputs from the arm to the spinal cord after amputation or cutting the spinal nerves can shrink the post-synaptic target zones(e.g.,Woods et al.,2000).From touch receptors for the hand and arm,primary nerve afferents enter the spinal cord,and axons travel in the dorsal columns to target the cuneate nucleus(Cu)of the brainstem on the same side of the body(Figure 1).When sensory loss is unilateral,the overwhelming result is for the associated primary target zone to shrink in total size(cross-sectional area),as compared to the size of the opposite side.

关键词： brainstem shrink removing

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Facial Expression Enhances Emotion Perception Compared to Vocal Prosody： Behavioral and fMRI studies

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第5期34卷 801-815页

作者： Heming Zhang Xuhai Chen Shengdong Chen Yansong Li Changming Chen Quanshan Long Jiajin Yuan Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education School of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive psychology in Shaanxi Province School of Psychology Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China Key Laboratory of Modem Teaching Technology of the Ministry of Education Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China department of psychology School of Social and Behavioral Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China School of educational Sciences Xinyang Normal University Xinyang 464000 China

Facial and vocal expressions are essential modalities mediating the perception of emotion and social communication. Nonetheless, currently little is known about how emotion perception and its neural substrates differ across facial expression and vocal prosody. To clarify this issue, functional MRI scans were acquired in Study 1, in which participants were asked to discriminate the valence of emotional expression （angry, happy or neutral） from facial, vocal, or bimodal stimuli. In Study 2, we used an affective priming task （unimodal materials as primers and bimodal materials as target） and participants were asked to rate the intensity, valence, and arousal of the targets. Study 1 showed higher accuracy and shorter response latencies in the facial than in the vocal modality for a happy expression. Whole-brain analysis showed enhanced activation during facial compared to vocal emotions in the inferior temporal-occipital regions. Region of interest analysis showed a higher percentage signal change for facial than for vocal anger in the superior temporal sulcus. Study 2 showed that facial relative to vocal priming of anger had a greater influence on perceived emotion for bimodal targets, irrespective of the target valence. These findings suggest that facial expression is associated with enhanced emotion perception compared to equivalent vocal prosodies.

关键词： fMRI Emotion perception Facial expres-sion Vocal prosody Modality

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