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New insight into the origin and evolution of the flora and fauna of Hainan Island,China

Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 52-61页

作者： Hua ZHU Center for Integrative conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesYunnan International Joint Laboratory of Southeast Asia Biodiversity ConservationYunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian ElephantsMengla666303China

The origin of the biota of Hainan Island,China,remains a fundamental scientific *** studies on the biota,geological tectonics,and paleomagnetism proposed that during the Eocene,Hainan Island connected Vietnam and Guangxi,and then moved to the southeast to reach its present *** review mainly discusses its biota origin from molecular phylogeny and palaeobotanical *** formation and evolution of the biological groups of Hainan Island were identified via research on their genomes,phylogeny,and molecular *** research showed that the genera and species that appeared and diverged early in their evolution(i.e.,before the Miocene)can be explained by the land connection between Hainan Island,Vietnam,and Guangxi during the *** to Southeast Asian tectonic theory,in the Middle Miocene(at about 15 million years ago),Hainan Island had moved to its present *** population and genetic divergence of species with late divergence times(after 15 Ma)can be reasonably explained by the close proximity(or land connection)between Hainan Island and the Leizhou Peninsula,enabling genetic communication between Hainan Island and the Chinese mainland,but have exceptional *** have been obtained through palaeobotanical studies,showing that in the Eocene-Oligocene period,southwest China and Hainan Island had subtropical vegetation and ***,the fossil group in southeast China(in Maoming,near present-day Hainan Island)in the Late Eocene indicated a tropical rainforest vegetation and *** suggests that in the Paleogene,Hainan Island may have been located near or on the southwest border of Guangxi and northern Vietnam,rather than in its present *** floristic division of the flora of Hainan Island basically presents a northeast-southwest inclined distribution *** pattern can be explained by the counterclockwise rotation of Hainan Island during its movement to the southeast as prop

关键词： Molecular phylogeny Biogeography Paleobotany Origin of flora and fauna Hainan Island of China

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Genomic insights into ecological adaptation of oaks revealed byphylogenomic analysis of multiple species

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Plant Diversity 2025年第1期47卷 53-67页

作者： Tian-Rui Wang Xin Ning Si-Si Zheng Yu Li Zi-Jia Lu Hong-Hu Meng Bin-Jie Ge Gregor Kozlowski Meng-Xiao Yan Yi-Gang Song Eastern China conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai 201602China College of Forestry and Biotechnology Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China College of Life Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Plant Phylogenetics and conservation Group Centre for Integrative ConservationXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China department of Biology and Botanic Garden University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland Natural History Museum Fribourg FribourgSwitzerland

Understanding the ecological adaptation of tree species can not only reveal the evolutionary potential but also benefit biodiversity conservation under global climate *** is a keystone genus in Northern Hemisphere forests,and its wide distribution in diverse ecosystems and long evolutionary history make it an ideal model for studying the genomic basis of ecological *** we used a newly sequenced genome of Quercus gilva,an evergreen oak species from East Asia,with 18 published Fagales genomes to determine how Fagaceae genomes have evolved,identify genomic footprints of ecological adaptability in oaks in general,as well as between evergreen and deciduous *** found that oak species exhibited a higher degree of genomic conservation and stability,as indicated by the absence of large-scale chromosomal structural variations or additional whole-genome duplication *** addition,we identified expansion and tandem repetitions within gene families that contribute to plant physical and chemical defense(e.g.,cuticle biosynthesis and oxidosqualene cyclase genes),which may represent the foundation for the ecological adaptation of oak *** rhythm and hormone-related genes may regulate the habits of evergreen and deciduous *** study provides a comprehensive perspective on the ecological adaptations of tree species based on phylogenetic,genome evolutionary,and functional genomic analyses.

关键词： Quercus Ecological adaptation Phylogenomics Transcriptomes Fagaceae

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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Traditional and Nano Materials Used in Consolidation of Sandstone Used in Ramesses III Temple, Karnak, Egypt

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2025年第1期13卷 18-30页

作者： Essam H. Mohamed Zeinab Mahmoud Ahmed Mahmoud L. Abd El-Latif department of Archaeological conservation Faculty of Archaeology South Valley University Qena Egypt department of conservation Faculty of Archaeology South Valley University Qena Egypt Housing and Building Research Center Giza Egypt

This experimental study assesses the effectiveness of traditional and nano-materials in enhancing the physical and mechanical properties of deteriorated sandstone from Ramesses III Temple, Karnak, Luxor, Egypt. Treatments included Nano Estel (5%), Paraloid B-72 (3%), Paraloid B-72/Nano Estel (3%/5%), and ethyl silicates. Treated samples underwent Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and physical/mechanical testing. Results show that Paraloid B-72/Nano Estel (3%/5%) yielded optimal consolidation, significantly improving sandstone’s physical and mechanical properties.

关键词： Ramesses III Temple Deteriorated Sandstone Consolidation Treatments Nano Material Physical and Mechanical Properties

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Reconstructing fossil insect communities and palaeoclimates for the Middle Jurassic Yanliao Biota in the Daohugou area of China

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Science Bulletin 2025年第2期70卷 176-179页

作者： Liang Chen Lifang Xiao Shilong Guo Nan Yang Conrad C.Labandeira Chungkun Shih Chaofan Shi Dong Ren College of Life Sciences Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal conservation and Resource Utilization Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationInstitute of ZoologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510260China department of Paleobiology National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDC 20013USA department of Entomology University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Geological Processes and Mineral ResourcesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

Palaeoecological research is essential to understanding the interaction between organisms and their environment during the evolutionary ***,the study of fossil insect communities is challenging because of a limited fossil record and the unavailability of data,which makes it difficult to assess the associations of insects with their environment,especially the role of local climate.

关键词： Jurassic Middle process.

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Changes in River Cross-section Morphology and Response to Streamflow and Sediment Processes in Middle Reaches of Yellow River,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2025年第1期35卷 161-174页

作者： WEN Yongfu LI Pengfei LI Mengzhen MA Chaohui GAO Peng MU Xingmin ZHAO Guangju The Research Center of Soil and Water conservation and Ecological Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of EducationYangling 712100China Institute of Soil and Water conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering Cangzhou 061001China Xi’an University of Science and Technology Xi’an 710054China Institute of Soil and Water conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Changes in river cross-section morphology have decisive influences on the flood discharge and sand transport capacity of rivers;thus,these changes strongly reflect the vitality of a *** this paper,based on the river cross-section and water and sediment data of two different periods(1974−1987 and 2007−2021),the trend analysis,change-point analysis and sediment rating curve method were used to analyze the change process of river cross-section morphology and its response to streamflow and sediment changes in the main river stream of the Yellow River at the Longmen hydrological *** 1974 to 1987(except in 1977),the riverbed experi-enced siltation,and the riverbed elevation ***,from 2007 to 2021,the riverbed experienced scouring,and the riverbed el-evation gradually *** cross-section shape changed from rectangular to U-shaped(deeper on the right side)at the Longmen *** changes in streamflow and sediment processes significantly impacted the evolution of river ***-flow(P<0.05),sediment discharge(P<0.01),and the sediment load coefficients(P<0.01)decreased *** relationship between the water depth and sediment load coefficients followed a power *** decreasing trend in sediment discharge was sig-nificantly stronger than that in *** sediment particles tended to become *** sediment rating curve indicates that the sediment supply from upstream decreased while the erosive power in the river channel increased,leading to a gradual decline in riverbed elevation at the Longmen cross-section from 2007 to *** findings help us better understand the impacts of ecological restoration on changes in river streamflow and sediment during river evolution.

关键词： cross-section shape riverbed elevation water depth streamflow sediment discharge eco-restoration Longmen station middle reaches of the Yellow River,China

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Ozone risk assessment of common cypress(Cupressus sempervirens L.)clones and effects of Seiridium cardinale infection

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 441-453页

作者： Jacopo Manzini Yasutomo Hoshika Roberto Danti Barbara Baesso Moura Elena Paoletti Gianni Della Rocca Institute of Research on Terrestrial ecosystems(IRET) National Research Council of Italy(CNR)Via Madonna del Piano 10Sesto Fiorentino 50019Italy department of agricultural foodenvironmental and forestry science and technology(DAGRI)University of FlorencePiazzale delle Cascine18Firenze 50144Italy Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection(IPSP) National Research Council of Italy(CNR)Via Madonna del Piano 10Sesto Fiorentino 50019Italy

Cupressus sempervirens is a relevant species in the Mediterranean for its cultural,economic and landscape *** species is threatened by Seiridium cardinale,the causal agent of the cypress canker disease(CCD).The effects of biotic stressors on O_(3)risk assessment are unknown and a comprehensive O_(3)risk assessment in *** is *** fill these gaps,two clones of ***,one resistant(Clone R)and one susceptible to CCD(Clone S),were subjected to three levels of O_(3)(Ambient Air-AA;1.5×AA;2.0×AA)for two consecutive years in an O_(3)-free-air controlled exposure facility and artificially inoculated with *** the exposure-(AOT40)and flux-based(PODy)indices were *** found that PODy performed better than AOT40 to assess O_(3)effects on biomass and the critical level for a 4%biomass loss was 2.51 mmol/m^(2)***,significant O_(3)dose-response relationships were not found for the inoculated cypresses because the combination of middle level O_(3)(1.5×AA)and inoculation stimulated a biomass growth in Clone S as hormetic ***,we found a different inter-clonal response to both stressors with a statistically significant reduction of total and belowground biomass following O_(3),and lower root biomass in Clone S than in Clone R following pathogen *** summary,Clone R was more resistant to O_(3),and inoculation altered O_(3)risk via an hormetic effect on *** results warrant further studies on how biotic stressors affect O_(3)responses and risk assessment.

关键词： Abiotic stress Air pollution Ozone risk assessment Plant pathology PODy Stomatal conductance model

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Profitability Analysis of Various Maize Value-Added Products in the North-West Region of Cameroon

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Agricultural Sciences 2025年第1期16卷 161-177页

作者： Ngala Nadege Muyu Bime Mary Juliet Egwu Mbu Daniel Tambi Chefor Fotang Kum Rene Ebua department of Agribusiness Technology College of Technology University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Practical conservation and Community Development Dschang Cameroon

Maize value-added products play a crucial role in reducing post-harvest losses, enhancing food security, and generating income. While extensive research has focused on maize production in Cameroon, the exploration of its value-added products and their profitability in the North-West Region remains underexplored. This study examined the profitability of maize value-added products in Mezam Division, with the objectives to: 1) identify various maize-based products, 2) assess the diversity of these products, 3) conduct a cost-benefit analysis of selected products, 4) examine the relationship between profitability and product diversity, and 5) identify key constraints impacting profitability. To achieve these objectives, structured questionnaires were administered to 500 small-scale maize entrepreneurs randomly selected from five subdivisions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze objective 1 and 5, while the Shannon Diversity Index was employed to assess product diversity. Additionally, a cost-benefit analysis was conducted on four selected products namely pap, parched corn, peeled parboiled corn, and corn beer, and a correlation analysis was used to examine objective 4. In total, 13 maize value-added products were identified, with a diversity index of 4.4. The total cost of processing the four selected products per entrepreneur using 18 kg of maize per product was FCFA 83631.5 (US $132.75), while the total revenue was FCFA 121864.5 (US $193.43), resulting in an economic profit of FCFA 38,233 (US $60.69). Pap emerged as the most profitable product, with an economic profit of FCFA 27,875 (US $44.24), while corn beer was the least profitable, with an economic profit of FCFA 2133.46 (US $3.39). The correlation analysis revealed a strong negative relationship between product diversity and profitability (r = −0.91), indicating that entrepreneurs can maximize profitability by focusing on a few high-demand products like pap and parched corn. Key constraints to profitabil

关键词： Maize Maize Value-Added Products Cost-Benefit Analysis Economic Profits

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Disentangling the relative effects of semi-natural habitats within different landscape agricultural intensities on bird communities

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Avian Research 2025年第1期16卷 63-73页

作者： Wenyu Xu Yongshan Xu Zheng Han Jiyuan Yao Piotr Tryjanowski Haitao Wang Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Avian Ecology and conservation Genetics School of Life SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China Jilin Key Laboratory of Animal Resource conservation and Utilization Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin150040China Animal's Scientific and Technological Institute Agricultural University of JilinChangchun130118China department of Zoology PoznańUniversity of Life SciencesWojska Polskiego 71CPL-60-625PoznańPoland

The process of agricultural intensification has led to significant reductions in biodiversity *** studies examined the role of semi-natural habitats within agroecosystems in supporting bird communities,but few have considered the effects of landscape agricultural intensity on avian conservation potential of seminatural ***,we disentangle the relative effects of semi-natural habitats within different landscape agricultural intensities on bird community composition in central and eastern Jilin Province,*** established 322 sampling sites distributed across low,middle,and high landscape agricultural intensities,with 103,118,and 101 sites *** sampling site was visited two times in May and June 2023 to test the dissimilarities in bird composition between different landscape agricultural *** found that middleintensity agriculture supported the highest bird diversity in most cases,but low-intensity plays an important role in maintaining insectivorous *** used generalized linear models and model selection to assess the relative impacts of semi-natural habitats on bird community along agricultural intensity *** results showed that the effects of agriculture on bird communities were predominantly influenced by the amount of semi-natural habitats,with effects that differ in accordance with the level of landscape agricultural *** should be given to preserve or/and plant these semi-natural habitats in middle-intensity agriculture due to the stronger effect sizes on bird ***,we suggested preserving and promoting woodlands and shrubs in high-intensity agriculture,and simultaneously increasing crop diversity to protect bird diversity in agriculture landscapes in the context of increasing crop intensification globally.

关键词： Agricultural ecosystems Avian conservation Avian diversity Feeding guild Land management

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Cereal-legume intercropping stimulates straw decomposition and promotes soil organic carbon stability

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Wei Wang Meng-Ying Li Qing-Hui Wen Yue Ma Zhi-Ming Zhang Muhammad Maqsood Ur Rehman Fei Mo Hong-Yan Tao Bao-Luo Ma Joann K.Whalen You-Cai Xiong State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Ecology Lanzhou University School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Ottawa Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University

Increasing carbon（C） sequestration and stability in agricultural soils is a key strategy to mitigate climate change towards C neutrality. Crop diversification is an initiative to increase C sequestration in fields, but it is unclear how legume-based crop diversification impacts the functional components of soil organic carbon（SOC） in dryland, including the formation and transformation of particulate organic carbon（POC） and mineral-associated organic carbon（MAOC）. We investigated the decomposition of straw residues, the fate of photosynthesized C,as well as the formation of MAOC and POC fractions using an in situ13C labeling technique in the soybean-wheat intercropping, soybeanmaize intercropping and their respective monocropping systems, with and without cover crops. After 4-year treatments, the total SOC content in bulk soil remained unchanged, while MAOC content increased significantly by 5.6% with intercropping. Moreover, the in situ13C labeling results confirmed that more photosynthesized C was transferred to MAOC, and less was retained in the POC fraction. Intercropping significantly increased total soil N and mineral N content by 15.3% and 13.4%, respectively, and decreased soil and microbial C/N ratio by11.3% and 17.4%, respectively. This outcome, therefore, relieved microbial N limitation and accelerated straw residue ***, the potential of MAOC formation was strengthened for better SOC persistence. Our study suggests that legume-based crop diversification can effectively enrich N and support POC transformation to MAOC, accordingly contributing to the persistent SOC pool and thus potentially achieving C neutrality under climate change in dryland agroecosystems.

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Effects of temperature and salinity on the seed germination of Limonium strictissimum(Salzm.)Arrigoni in the Mediterranean Basin

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Journal of Arid Land 2025年第2期17卷 259-270页

作者： Ludovica DESSÌ Alba CUENA-LOMBRAÑA Lina PODDA Marco PORCEDDU Mauro FOIS Lillia FAUSTI Carole PIAZZA Gianluigi BACCHETTA Sardinian Germplasm Bank(BG-SAR) Centre for Conservation of Biodiversity(CCB)Department of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CagliariCagliari 09123Italy National Botanical Conservatory of Corsica Office of the Environment of CorsicaCorte F-20250France

Salt stress might be an important factor that decreases the emergence of seedlings and reduces plants'growth,causing their endangered ***,the effects of salt stress on the germination of the Mediterranean species are less *** strictissimum(Salzm.)Arrigoni,part of the group related to Limonium articulatum(Loisel.)Kuntze,is a Cyrno-Sardinian endemism,which is included in the International Union for conservation of Nature(IUCN)Red Lists as Endangered(EN).Fresh seeds of *** harvested from the only known population in Sardinia and a population in southeastern Corsica were used with the aims to study the effects of temperature and salinity on the seed germination and to evaluate the ability to recover their germination after exposure to salt *** both populations,empty fruits with a lower percentage were observed in Sardinia than in *** seeds showed a high germination capacity,which was not influenced by temperature and did not even differ between the two *** with non-saline condition,the presence of salt in the substrate,independently of the concentration tested,inhibited seed germination in both populations,with germination percentages never exceeding 40%.The Sardinian population showed a recovery capacity after exposure to high salt stress,always above 50%regardless of the salt concentration and incubation temperature *** seeds previously exposed to 125 mM NaCl at 30℃ had the lowest recovery percentage(56%),while the highest recovery percentage(84%)was recorded at 25℃ with a concentration of 250 mM ***,the Corsican population recorded a higher recovery percentage(54%)in seeds previously exposed to 500 mM NaCl at 20℃,while for the concentration of 125 mM NaCl,the best recovery percentage(11%)was recorded at 30℃.The ability of *** to recover germination after salt exposure can be interpreted as an adaptation to the coastal habitats in which it *** study provides n

关键词： Limonium Mill. Mediterranean vascular flora NaCl recovery phase salt stress endemic species threatened species

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