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Satellite remote sensing reveals overwhelming recovery of forest from disturbances in Asia

Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 46-51页

作者： Yiying Zhu Hesong Wang Anzhi Zhang School of Ecology and Nature conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Regional Climate and Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqiChina

Forest ecosystems play key roles in mitigating human-induced climate change through enhanced carbon uptake;however,frequently occurring climate extremes and human activities have considerably threatened the stability of *** the same time,detailed accounts of disturbances and forest responses are not yet well quantified in *** study employed the Breaks For Additive Seasonal and Trend method-an abrupt-change detection method-to analyze the Enhanced Vegetation Index time series in East Asia,South Asia,and Southeast *** approach allowed us to detect forest disturbance and quantify the resilience after *** showed that 20%of forests experienced disturbance with an increasing trend from 2000 to 2022,and Southeast Asian countries were more severely affected by ***,95%of forests had robust resilience and could recover from disturbance within a few *** resilience of forests suffering from greater magnitude of disturbance tended to be stronger than forests with lower disturbance *** summary,this study investigated the resilience of forests across the low and middle latitudes of Asia over the past two *** authors found that most forests exhibited good resilience after disturbance and about two-thirds had recovered to a better state in *** findings of this study underscore the complex relationship between disturbance and resilience,contributing to comprehension of forest resilience through satellite remote sensing.

关键词： Forest ecosystem Enhanced vegetation index Breaks for additive seasonal and trend method Disturbance Resilience

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New insight into the origin and evolution of the flora and fauna of Hainan Island, China

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Science China Earth sciences 2025年第1期 52-61页

作者： Hua ZHU Center for Integrative conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Southeast Asia Biodiversity Conservation Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants

The origin of the biota of Hainan Island, China, remains a fundamental scientific problem. Comparative studies on the biota, geological tectonics, and paleomagnetism proposed that during the Eocene, Hainan Island connected Vietnam and Guangxi, and then moved to the southeast to reach its present location. This review mainly discusses its biota origin from molecular phylogeny and palaeobotanical research. The formation and evolution of the biological groups of Hainan Island were identified via research on their genomes, phylogeny, and molecular biogeography. This research showed that the genera and species that appeared and diverged early in their evolution(i.e., before the Miocene) can be explained by the land connection between Hainan Island, Vietnam, and Guangxi during the Eocene-Oligocene. According to Southeast Asian tectonic theory, in the Middle Miocene(at about 15 million years ago), Hainan Island had moved to its present position. The population and genetic divergence of species with late divergence times(after 15 Ma) can be reasonably explained by the close proximity(or land connection) between Hainan Island and the Leizhou Peninsula, enabling genetic communication between Hainan Island and the Chinese mainland, but have exceptional cases. Conclusions have been obtained through palaeobotanical studies, showing that in the Eocene-Oligocene period, southwest China and Hainan Island had subtropical vegetation and flora. However, the fossil group in southeast China(in Maoming, near present-day Hainan Island) in the Late Eocene indicated a tropical rainforest vegetation and flora. This suggests that in the Paleogene, Hainan Island may have been located near or on the southwest border of Guangxi and northern Vietnam, rather than in its present location. The floristic division of the flora of Hainan Island basically presents a northeast-southwest inclined distribution pattern. This pattern can be explained by the counterclockwise rotation of Hainan Island during i

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conservation priorities for global marine biodiversity across multiple dimensions

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National Science Review 2023年第6期10卷 108-116页

作者： Huizhong Fan Mingpan Huang Youhua Chen Wenliang Zhou Yibo Hu Fuwen Wei Center for Evolution and conservation Biology Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences department of Biodiversity and ecosystem Services Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Marine biodiversity plays important roles in ocean ecosystem services and has substantial economic *** diversity,genetic diversity and phylogenetic diversity,which reflect the number,evolutionary potential and evolutionary history of species in ecosystem functioning,are three important dimensions of ***-protected areas have been demonstrated as an effective area-based tool for protecting marine biodiversity,but only 2.8 % of the ocean has been fully *** is urgent to identify global conservation priority areas and percentage of the ocean across multiple dimensions of biodiversity based on Post-2020 Global Biodiversity ***,we investigate the spatial distribution of marine genetic and phylogenetic diversity using 80 075 mitochondrial DNA barcode sequences from 4316 species and a newly constructed phylogenetic tree of 8166 *** identify that the Central Indo-Pacific Ocean,Central Pacific Ocean and Western Indian Ocean harbor high levels of bio diversity across three dimensions of biodiversity,which could be designated as conservation priority *** also find that strategically protecting～22% of the ocean would allow us to reach the target of conserving～95% of currently known taxonomic,genetic and phylogenetic *** study provides insights into the spatial distribution pattern of multiple marine diversities and the findings would help to design comprehensive conservation schemes for global marine biodiversity.

关键词： marine biodiversity genetic diversity phylogenetic diversity conservation priority areas multiple dimensions

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Denitrification from nitrogen-fixing biologically crusted soils in a cool desert environment,southeast Utah,USA

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 156-164页

作者： Nichole N Barger Sarah C Castle Gavin N Dean department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ColoradoCampus Box 334BoulderCO 80309-0334USA department of ecosystem and conservation sciences College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMT59812USA.

Introduction:Nitrogen fixation by microorganisms within biological soil crust(“biocrust”)communities provides an important pathway for N inputs in cool desert environments where soil nutrients are low and symbiotic N-fixing plants may be *** of N fixation in biocrusts often greatly exceed that of N accretion rates leading to uncertainty regarding N loss ***:In this study we examined nitrogen fixation and denitrification rates in biocrust communities that differed in N fixation potential(low N fixation=light cyanobacterial biocrust,high N fixation=dark cyanolichen crust)at four temperature levels(10,20,30,40°C)and four simulated rainfall levels(0.05,0.2,0.6,1 cm rain events)under controlled laboratory ***:Acetylene reduction rates(AR,an index of N fixation activity)were over six-fold higher in dark crusts relative to light *** biocrusts also exhibited eight-fold higher denitrification *** was no consistent effect of temperature on denitrification rates,but there was an interactive effect of water addition and crust *** light crusts,denitrification rates increased with increasing water addition,whereas the highest denitrification rates in dark crusts were observed at the lowest level of water ***:These results suggest that there are no clear and consistent environmental controls on short-term denitrification rates in these biologically crusted *** together,estimates of denitrification from light and dark biocrusts constituted 3 and 4%of N fixation rates,respectively suggesting that losses as denitrification are not significant relative to N inputs via *** estimate is based on a previously published conversion ratio of ethylene produced to N fixed that is low(0.295),resulting in high estimates of N *** future N fixation studies in biologically crusted soils show that these ratios are closer to the theoretical 3:1 ratio,denitrification may constitute a more significant

关键词： Biological soil crust Colorado Plateau Cool desert Denitrification Nitrogen fixation Soil nitrogen cycling

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The importance of terrestrial carbon in supporting molluscs in the wetlands of Poyang Lake

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2017年第4期35卷 825-832页

作者：张欢于秀波王玉玉徐军 Key Laboratory of ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences College of Nature conservation Beijing Forestry University Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Allochthonous organic matter plays an important role in nutrient cycling and energy mobilization in freshwater ecosystems. However, the subsidies of this carbon source in floodplain ecosystems have not yet well understood. We used a Bayesian mixing model and stable isotopes （613C and 815N） of primary food resources and dominant molluscs species, to estimate the relative importance of allochthonous carbon sources for consumers in a representative sub-lake of Poyang Lake during a prolonged dry season. Our study inferred that terrestrial-derived carbon from Carex spp. could be the primary contributor to snails and mussels in Dahuchi Lake. The mean percentage of allochthonous food resources accounted for 35%- 50% of the C incorporated by these consumers. Seston was another important energy sources for benthic consumers. However, during the winter and low water-level period, benthic algae and submerged vegetation contributed less carbon to benthic consumers. Our data highlighted the importance of terrestrial organic carbon to benthic consumers in the wetlands of Poyang Lake during the prolonged dry period. Further, our results provided a perspective that linkages between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems might be facilitated by wintering geese via their droppings.

关键词： allochthonous Carex spp. molluscs floodplain wetland stable isotope analysis Poyang Lake

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Assessing Agricultural Sustainable Development Based on the DPSIR Approach: Case Study in Jiangsu, China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第7期12卷 1292-1299页

作者： ZHOU Shu-dong Felix Mueller Benjamin Burkhard CAO Xing-jin HOU Ying Jiangsu Research Base of Rural Development and Land Policy Nanjing Agricultural University Institute for Natural Resource conservation Department of Ecosystem Management University of Kiel

According to the contemporary ecosystem approach, the linkages of human actions with their environment have to be assessed in an integrative manner. The Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response （DPSIR） model is applied to identify and describe processes and interactions in human-environmental systems. An example application from a research project dealing with the development of sustainable management strategies for the agriculture in Jiangsu, China, illustrates the potentials and limitations of its sustainable development. The concept and indicators of ecological integrity are used to assess the indicators in the dimensions of DPSIR between 2003 and 2006. The main drivers included population growth which caused increasing demand for food, growing environmental demands, and rapidly decreasing of land and other natural resources. The main environmental problem was water pollution. The results show that in the dimension of driver, total grain output and agricultural land productivity both increased. Labor intensive agriculture has been promoted to increase agricultural land productivity. In the dimension of pressure, on the positive side, infrastructure got greatly improved, the input level such as total power of machinery, and level of fertilizer use increased, and level of pesticides use decreased, but on the negative side, cultivated land per capita and irrigation rate decreased, natural resources keep decreased. Environmental pollution indicators such as industrial wastewater discharge and acid rain rate increased in Jiangsu Province. In the aspect of state, ecosystem state was improved, plant coverage index increased, biological abundance index increased, fertilizer productivity increased, eco-environmental quality index increased, but land degradation index also increased. In the aspect of impact, output level increased, output efficiency enhanced, farmer＇s social economic benefit improved. In the aspect of response, social support was greatly improved, input for e

关键词： agricultural sustainable development DPSIR ecosystem China

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Spatial pattern of plant species diversity and the influencing factors in a Gobi Desert within the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第3期9卷 379-393页

作者： ZHANG Pingping SHAO Ming'an ZHANG Xingchang Institute of Soil and Water conservation Northwest A&F University State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Key Laboratory of ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Understanding the spatial pattern of plant species diversity and the influencing factors has important implications for the conservation and management of ecosystem biodiversity. The transitional zone between biomes in desert ecosystems, however, has received little attention in that regard. In this study, we conducted a quantitative field survey （including 187 sampling plots） in a 40-km2 study area to determine the spatial pattern of plant species diversity and analyze the influencing factors in a Gobi Desert within the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China. A total of 42 plant species belonging to 16 families and 39 genera were recorded. Shrub and semi-shrub species generally represented the major part of the plant communities （covering 90% of the land surface）, while annual and perennial herbaceous species occupied a large proportion of the total recorded species （71%）. Patrick richness index （R）, Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H）, Simpson＇s dominance index （D）, and Pielou＇s evenness index （I） were all moderately spadaUy variable, and the variability increased with increasing sampling area. The semivariograms for R and H＇ were best fitted with Gaussian models while the semivariograms for D andJ were best fitted with exponential models. Nugget-to-still ratios indicated a moderate spatial autocorrelation for R, H＇, and D while a strong spatial autocorrelation was observed for J. The spatial patterns of R and H＇ were closely related to the geographic location within the study area, with lower values near the oasis and higher values near the mountains. However, there was an opposite trend for D. R, H＇, and D were significantly correlated with elevation, soil texture, bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and total porosity （P〈0.05）. Generally speaking, locations at higher elevations tended to have higher species richness and diversity and the higher elevations were characterized by higher values in sand and gravel contents, bulk density, and saturated hydraul

关键词： species diversity spatial heterogeneity environmental factors Gobi Desert transitional zone

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Feeding patterns of Indian giant flying squirrel(Petaurista philippensis, Elliot 1839) with reference to seasonal variation in central Gujarat, India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第5期30卷 1959-1965页

作者： Singh Nisha Dharaiya Nishith Wildlife and conservation Biology Lab Department of Life Sciences Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University

Indian Giant Flying Squirrel(Petaurista philippensis Elliot 1839)is widely distributed in South Asia and the only species of flying squirrel found in *** studied the seasonal variation in its feeding behaviour at selected sites of Central *** sampling was employed to study the behaviours and mainly feeding *** analyses were consistent with other studies and indicated Madhuca longifolia as an important food *** diet of the species mainly consisted of pith,twig,seed,bark,petiole,young to mature leaves,flower and fruits of 20 species of plants of 15 families along with lichens,Vanda tessellata and Dendrophthoe *** longifolia(25%)contributed most to the squirrel diet,followed by Diospyros melanoxylon(10%)and Terminalia tomentosa(9%).Among the plant parts consumed,pith formed the highest bulk as a food at 23%,followed by fruits(21%),bark(16%),twig(14%),flower(10%),seed(6%),leaf(6%),and bud(4%).The findings reveal the high dependency of flying squirrel on certain tree *** tree species are well represented and distributed throughout central Gujarat,indicating that this area is important for the survival of this species and that the area should be conserved for protection and future management of this species.

关键词： Arboreal rodent Behaviour Madhuca longifolia Phenology Western India

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Maternal egg care enhances hatching success and offspring quality in an oviparous skink

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第3期17卷 468-477页

作者： Hongliang LU Jie WANG Chunquan KANG Weiguo DU Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for ecosystem Protection and Restoration School of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and conservation Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of ZoologyBeijingChina

Maternal egg-caring behavior can often be observed in oviparous scincid *** expression of such behavior is predictably affected by the trade-off between its resultant costs and benefits for mothers and/or offspring,which has been investigated in only a few scincid ***,post-ovipositional Plestiodon chinensis females were treated to care for their egg clutches without interference,under simulated predation pressure,or to be *** maternal costs and offspring benefits associated with egg-caring behavior were then evaluated by measuring changes in maternal body condition,egg mortality,and hatchling ***-caring behavior caused post-ovipositional females to participate less in outside-nest activity,eat less food,and show relatively poorer body conditions at egg *** contrast,compared with care-deprived females,egg-caring females gained mass slightly faster,and achieved a similar body condition within a few months of *** that were cared for by their mothers were more likely to hatch and produced larger,faster-running and better-growing hatchlings with higher survival than uncared-for *** exposure to a potential predator had no distinct impact on maternal egg-caring behavior expression and offspring *** results indicated that marked benefits of offspring viability but minor maternal energy costs might play a decisive role in the occurrence of maternal egg-caring behavior in ***.

关键词： benefit-cost tradeoff egg mortality offspring fitness parental care Plestiodon chinensis

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Ozone concentrations, flux and potential effect on yield during wheat growth in the NorthwestShandong Plain of China

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2015年第8期27卷 1-9页

作者： Zhilin Zhu Xiaomin Sun Fenghua Zhao Franz X.Meixner Key Laboratory of ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Biogeochemistry department Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry

Ozone（O3） concentration and flux（Fo） were measured using the eddy covariance technique over a wheat field in the Northwest-Shandong Plain of China. The O3-induced wheat yield loss was estimated by utilizing O3exposure-response models. The results showed that：（1） During the growing season（7 March to 7 June, 2012）, the minimum（16.1 ppb V） and maximum（53.3 ppb V）mean O3 concentrations occurred at approximately 6：30 and 16：00, respectively. The mean and maximum of all measured O3 concentrations were 31.3 and 128.4 ppb V, respectively. The variation of O3 concentration was mainly affected by solar radiation and temperature.（2） The mean diurnal variation of deposition velocity（V d） can be divided into four phases, and the maximum occurred at noon（12：00）. Averaged V d during daytime（6：00–18：00） and nighttime（18：00–6：00） were 0.42 and 0.14 cm/sec, respectively. The maximum of measured V d was about1.5 cm/sec. The magnitude of V d was influenced by the wheat growing stage, and its variation was significantly correlated with both global radiation and friction velocity.（3） The maximum mean F o appeared at 14：00, and the maximum measured F o was-33.5 nmol/（m^2·sec）. Averaged F o during daytime and nighttime were-6.9 and-1.5 nmol/（m^2·sec）, respectively.（4） Using O3 exposure-response functions obtained from the USA, Europe, and China, the O3-induced wheat yield reduction in the district was estimated as 12.9% on average（5.5%–23.3%）. Large uncertainties were related to the statistical methods and environmental conditions involved in deriving the exposure-response functions.

关键词： Ozone concentration Ozone flux Deposition velocity Eddy covariance Yield loss estimation Cropland ecosystem

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