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Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng Wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng Wang Song Wang Tinggui Wang Zhongxiang Wang Qingwen Wu Xuefeng Wu Dong Xu Yanjun Xu Suijian Xue Yongquan Xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma Xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao Wang Juan Wang Lei Wang Wenxin Wang Yilong Wang Yusa Wang Qinyu Wu Haitao Xu Jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu Zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu national Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Sciences university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Space Sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences department of Physics university of Hong Kong School of Physics and Astronomy university of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen university department of Physics Anhui Normal university Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Physics department Tsinghua university Nevada Center for Astrophysics university of Nevada Las Vegas department of Physics and Astronomy university of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory department of Astronomy university of Cape Town department of Physics university of the Free State Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU/DAp-AIM department of Astronomy Guangzhou university Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr Institute university of Copenhagen department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State university of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The university of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC department of Astronomy School of Physics Huazhong university of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for Astronomy School of Physics The university of Sydney department of Astronomy Xiamen university Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal university department of Astronomy university of Science and Technology School of Astronomy and Space Sciences university of Science and Technology of China Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan university Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$

Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using RBFN-Based Ensemble Machine Learning Models

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 467-500页

作者： Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using RBFN-Based Ensemble Machine Learning Models Duc-Dam Nguyen Nguyen Viet Tiep Quynh-Anh Thi Bui Hiep Van Le Indra Prakash Romulus Costache Manish Pandey Binh Thai Pham Faculty of Civil Engineering University of Transport TechnologyThanh XuanHa Noi100000Vietnam Faculty of Hydraulic Engineering Hanoi University of Civil EngineeringHa Noi100000Vietnam DDG(R)Geological Survey of India Gandhinagar382010India Research Institute of the university of Bucharest Bucharest050663Romania national Institute of Hydrology and Water Management Bucharest013686Romania department of Civil Engineering Transilvania University of BrasovBrasov500152Romania Danube Delta national Institute for Research and Development Tulcea820112Romania Marwadi university Research Center(MURC) Marwadi UniversityRajkotGujaratBharat360003India department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering&TechnologyMarwadi UniversityRajkotGujaratBharat360003India

This study was aimed to prepare landslide susceptibility maps for the Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand,India,using advanced ensemble models that combined Radial Basis Function Networks(RBFN)with three ensemble learning techniques:DAGGING(DG),MULTIBOOST(MB),and ADABOOST(AB).This combination resulted in three distinct ensemble models:DG-RBFN,MB-RBFN,and ***,a traditional weighted method,Information Value(IV),and a benchmark machine learning(ML)model,Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network(MLP),were employed for comparison and *** models were developed using ten landslide conditioning factors,which included slope,aspect,elevation,curvature,land cover,geomorphology,overburden depth,lithology,distance to rivers and distance to *** factors were instrumental in predicting the output variable,which was the probability of landslide *** analysis of the models’performance indicated that the DG-RBFN model,with an Area Under ROC Curve(AUC)of 0.931,outperformed the other *** AB-RBFN model achieved an AUC of 0.929,the MB-RBFN model had an AUC of 0.913,and the MLP model recorded an AUC of *** results suggest that the advanced ensemble ML model DG-RBFN was more accurate than traditional statistical model,single MLP model,and other ensemble models in preparing trustworthy landslide susceptibility maps,thereby enhancing land use planning and decision-making.

关键词： Landslide susceptibility map spatial analysis ensemble modelling information values(IV)

Apolipoprotein A-I binding protein-mediated neuroprotection in glaucomatous neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1414-1415页

作者： Sinwoo Hwang Seunghwan Choi Soo-Ho Choi Keun-Young Kim Yury I.Miller Won-Kyu Ju Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute The Viterbi Family Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA department of Medicine University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA national Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

Glaucoma is a multifactorial eye disorder that can cause vision loss and irreversible blindness,affecting individ uals aged 40 to 80 yea rs *** to the aging population,it is expected that the number of people affected by glaucoma will surpass 111 million by 2040 as the disease becomes more *** primarily contributes to optic nerve axon loss and the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),subsequently leading to vision impairment.

关键词： irreversible pass primarily

Changing Engines of Growth in China:From Exports,FDI and Marketization to Innovation and Exports

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China & World Economy 2008年第2期16卷 31-49页

作者： Furong Jin Keun Lee Yee-Kyoung Kim Doctoral Candidate Economics DepartmentSeoul National University Professor of economics Director of the Institute for China StudiesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea

This paper investigates the changing sources of growth in post-reform China. Using crossprovince regressions, this paper finds that, in earlier periods, exports, foreign direct investment and marketization were significantly related to per capita income growth, whereas＇ since the late 1990s, foreign direct investment and marketization have lost their significance and have been replaced by new sources of growth, such as innovation and knowledge, with only exports continuing to be important. This finding is robust after controlling for other variables representing other economic policies and provincial characteristics. We also tackle the possible endogeneity of innovation variables using the instrumental variables estimation method.

关键词： China economic growth innovation foreign direct investment exports marketization

Projective Hilbert modules and sequential approximations

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Science China Mathematics 2025年第1期 137-168页

作者： Lawrence G.Brown Huaxin Lin department of Mathematics Purdue University department of Mathematics East China Normal University department of Mathematics University of Oregon Shanghai Institute for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences

We show that when A is a separable C*-algebra,every countably generated Hilbert A-module is projective（with bounded module maps as morphisms）.We also study the approximate extensions of bounded module *** the case where A is a σ-unital simple C*-algebra with strict comparison,and every strictly positive lower semicontinuous affine function on quasitraces can be realized as the rank of an element in the Cuntz semigroup,we show that the Cuntz semigroup is equivalent to unitarily equivalent classes of countably generated Hilbert A-modules if and only if A has stable rank one.

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A comparative analysis of multi-output frontier models

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Journal of Zhejiang university-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2008年第10期9卷 1426-1436页

作者： Tao ZHANG Eoghan GARVEY department of economics National University of Ireland Galway Ireland

Recently, there have been more debates on the methods of measuring efficiency. The main objective of this paper is to make a sensitivity analysis for different frontier models and compare the results obtained from the different methods of estimating multi-output frontier for a specific application. The methods include stochastic distance function frontier, stochastic ray frontier, and data envelopment analysis. The stochastic frontier regressions with and without the inefficiency effects model are also com-pared and tested. The results indicate that there are significant correlations between the results obtained from the alternative estimation methods.

关键词： Efficiency Multi-output Stochastic distance function frontier Stochastic ray frontier Data envelopment analysis(DEA) Correlation

Impacts of Nutlin-3a and exercise on murine double minute 2-enriched glioma treatment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1135-1152页

作者： Yisheng Chen Zhongcheng Fan Zhiwen Luo Xueran Kang Renwen Wan Fangqi Li Weiwei Lin Zhihua Han Beijie Qi Jinrong Lin Yaying Sun Jiebin Huang Yuzhen Xu Shiyi Chen department of Sport Medicine Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina department of Orthopedic Surgery Hainan Province Clinical Medical CenterHaikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of MedicineHaikouHainan ProvinceChina department of Basic Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina department of Neurosurgery Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina department of Orthopedics Shanghai General HospitalSchool of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina department of Infectious Diseases Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityNational Children’s Medical CenterShanghaiChina department of Rehabilitation The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityTaianShandong ProvinceChina

Recent research has demonstrated the impact of physical activity on the prognosis of glioma patients,with evidence suggesting exercise may reduce mortality risks and aid neural *** role of the small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)protein,especially post-exercise,in cancer progression,is gaining attention,as are the potential anti-cancer effects of *** used machine learning to create the exercise and SUMO-related gene signature(ESLRS).This signature shows how physical activity might help improve the outlook for low-grade glioma and other *** demonstrated the prognostic and immunotherapeutic significance of ESLRS markers,specifically highlighting how murine double minute 2(MDM2),a component of the ESLRS,can be targeted by *** underscores the intricate relationship between natural compounds such as nutlin-3 and immune *** comprehensive CRISPR screening,we validated the effects of specific ESLRS genes on low-grade glioma *** also revealed insights into the effectiveness of Nutlin-3a as a potent MDM2 inhibitor through molecular docking and dynamic ***-3a inhibited glioma cell proliferation and activated the p53 *** efficacy decreased with MDM2 overexpression,and this was reversed by Nutlin-3a or *** using a low-grade glioma mouse model highlighted the effect of physical activity on oxidative stress and molecular pathway ***,both physical exercise and Nutlin-3a administration improved physical function in mice bearing tumors derived from MDM2-overexpressing *** results suggest the potential for Nutlin-3a,an MDM2 inhibitor,with physical exercise as a therapeutic approach for glioma *** research also supports the use of natural products for therapy and sheds light on the interaction of exercise,natural products,and immune regulation in cancer treatment.

关键词： exercise and SUMO-related gene signatures(ESLRS) glioblastoma management low-grade glioma natural bioactives neural regeneration physical exercise

Design Features and Commissioning of the Versatile Experiment Spherical Torus (VEST) at seoul national university

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Plasma Science and Technology 2013年第3期15卷 244-251页

作者： K.J.CHUNG Y.H.AN B.K.JUNG H.Y.LEE C.SUNG Y.S.NA T.S.HAHM Y.S.HWANG department of Nuclear Engineering Seoul National University

A new spherical torus called VEST （Versatile Experiment Spherical Torus） is designed, constructed and successfully commissioned at seoul national university. A unique design feature of the VEST is two partial solenoid coils installed at both vertical ends of a center stack, which can provide sufficient magnetic fluxes to initiate tokamak plasmas while keeping a low aspect ratio configuration in the central region. According to initial double null merging start-up scenario using the partial solenoid coils, apprdpriate p6wer supplies for driving a toroidal field coil, outer poloidal field coils, and the partial solenoid Coils are fabricated and successfully commissioned. For reliable start-up, a pre-ionization system with two cost-effective homemade magnetron power supplies is also prepared. In addition, magnetic and spectroscopic diagnostics with appropriate data acquisition and control systems are well prepared for initial operation of the device. The VEST is ready for tokamak plasma operation by completing and commissioning most of the designed components.

关键词： spherical torus partial solenoids double null merging start-up

Reducing the measurement errors in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 64-70页

作者： Guo-Fu Xu department of Physics Shandong University

Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers serve as the physical platform for nonadiabatic holonomic quantum *** quantum computation has entered the noisy intermediate-scale era, building accurate intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers is clearly necessary. Given that measurements are the sole means of extracting information, they play an indispensable role in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers. Accordingly, developing methods to reduce measurement errors in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers is of great importance. However, while much attention has been given to the research on nonadiabatic holonomic gates, the research on reducing measurement errors in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers is severely lacking. In this study, we propose a measurement error reduction method tailored for intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers. The reason we say this is because our method can not only reduce the measurement errors in the computer but also be useful in mitigating errors originating from nonadiabatic holonomic gates. Given these features,our method significantly advances the construction of accurate intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers.

关键词： quantum holonomy quantum computation measurement errors