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Antifertility effects of quinestrol in male lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis, and potential in managing rodent population under field conditions

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Integrative zoology 2024年第1期19卷 108-126页

作者： Ajooni SIDHU Neena SINGLA department of zoology Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaPunjabIndia

Integrating fertility control techniques using steroid hormones after lethal control can help reduce post control rebuildup of rodent populations.The current study is thefirst to assess the antifertility effects of quinestrol in male lesser bandicoot rat,Bandicota bengalensis which is the predominant rodent pest species in Southeast Asia.Rats in different groups were fed bait containing 0.00%,0.01%,0.02%,and 0.03%quinestrol for 10 days in laboratory and evaluated immediately,and 15,30,and 60 days after treatment discontinuation for effect on reproduction and other antifertility parameters.Effect of 0.03%quinestrol treatment for 15 days was also observed in managing rodent populations in groundnut cropfields.Treatment resulted in average consumption of 19.53±1.80,67.63±5.50,and 246.67±1.78 mg/kg bwt active ingredient by three treated groups of rats,respectively.No reproduction was observed in female rats mated with male rats treated with 0.03%quinestrol,even 30 days after cessation of treatment.Post-mortem examination showed a significant(P<0.0001)effect of treatment on organ weights(testis,cauda epididymis,seminal vesicles,and prostate gland)and different sperm parameters(sperm motility,sperm viability,sperm count,and sperm abnormality)in the cauda epididymalfluid with partial reversibility after 60 days.A significant(P<0.0001)effect of quinestrol on the histomorphology of testis and cauda epididymis was observed,suggesting its effect on spermatogenesis.Affected cell association and cell count in seminiferous tubules did not fully recover within 60 days of stopping treatment.Evaluation of the effects of quinestrol treatment in groundnutfields showed greater reductions in rodent activity infields treated with 2%zinc phosphide followed by 0.03%quinestrol treatment as compared tofields treated with 2%zinc phosphide alone.Research concludes that quinestrol has the potential to reduce fecundity and post control rebuildup of B.bengalensis populations,but long-term studies of the effectiveness of quinestrol under large-

关键词： antifertility Bandicota bengalensis field evaluation quinestrol reversibility

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Molecular mechanism of nanomaterials induced liver injury:A review

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第4期16卷 566-600页

作者： Sanjib Kumar Das Koushik Sen Biswatosh Ghosh Nabanita Ghosh Krishnendu Sinha Parames C Sil department of zoology Jhargram Raj CollegeJhargram 721507India department of zoology Bidhannagar CollegeKolkata 700064India department of zoology Maulana Azad CollegeKolkata 700013India department of Molecular Medicine Bose InstituteCalcutta 700054India

The unique physicochemical properties inherent to nanoscale materials have unveiled numerous potential applications,spanning beyond the pharmaceutical and medical sectors into various consumer industries like food and cosmetics.Consequently,humans encounter nanomaterials through diverse exposure routes,giving rise to potential health considerations.Noteworthy among these materials are silica and specific metallic nanoparticles,extensively utilized in consumer products,which have garnered substantial attention due to their propensity to accumulate and induce adverse effects in the liver.This review paper aims to provide an exhaustive examination of the molecular mechanisms underpinning nanomaterial-induced hepatotoxicity,drawing insights from both in vitro and in vivo studies.Primarily,the most frequently observed manifestations of toxicity following the exposure of cells or animal models to various nanomaterials involve the initiation of oxidative stress and inflammation.Additionally,we delve into the existing in vitro models employed for evaluating the hepatotoxic effects of nanomaterials,emphasizing the persistent endeavors to advance and bolster the reliability of these models for nanotoxicology research.

关键词： Nanoparticles Hepatotoxicity Oxidative stress Inflammation Autophagy

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Invasive ant learning is not affected by seven potential neuroactive chemicals

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Current zoology 2024年第1期70卷 87-97页

作者： Henrique Galante Tomer J.Czaczkes department of zoology and Evolutionary Biology Animal Comparative Economics LaboratoryUniversity of Regensburg93053 Regensburg Germany

Argentine ants Linepithema humile are one of the most damaging invasive alien species worldwide.Enhancing or disrupting cognitive abilities,such as learning,has the potential to improve management efforts,for example by increasing preference for a bait,or improving ants'ability to learn its characteristics or location.Nectar-feeding insects are often the victims of psychoactive manipulation,with plants lacing their nectar with secondary metabolites such as alkaloids and non-protein amino acids which often alter learning,foraging,or recruitment.However,the effect of neuroactive chemicals has seldomly been explored in ants.Here,we test the effects of seven potential neuroactive chemicals-two alkaloids:caffeine and nicotine;two biogenic amines:dopamine and octopamine,and three nonprotein amino acids:β-alanine,GABA and taurineon the cognitive abilities of invasive L.humile using bifurcation mazes.Our results confirm that these ants are strong associative learners,requiring as little as one experience to develop an association.However,we show no short-term effect of any of the chemicals tested on spatial learning,and in addition no effect of caffeine on short-term olfactory learning.This lack of effect is surprising,given the extensive reports of the tested chemicals affecting learning and foraging in bees.This mismatch could be due to the heavy bias towards bees in the literature,a positive result publicationbias,ordifferences inmethodology.

关键词： associativelearning caffeine memory neuroactivechemicals

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Metabolomic evidence of independent biotransformation pathways for terpenes in two specialist mammalian herbivores (genus Neotoma)

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Integrative zoology 2024年第1期19卷 143-155页

作者： Katharina SCHRAMM Michele SKOPEC Denise DEARING department of Biology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA department of zoology Weber State UniversityOgdenUtahUSA

Herbivory is common in mammals,yet our understanding of detoxification processes used by mammals to biotrans-form plant secondary compounds(PSCs)is limited.Specialist herbivores are thought to have evolved detoxifica-tion mechanisms that rely more heavily on energetically cheap Phase I biotransformation reactions to process high levels of PSCs in their diets.We explored this hypothesis by comparing the urinary metabolite patterns of two spe-cialist herbivores(genus Neotoma).Neotoma stephensi is an obligate specialist on one-seeded juniper(Juniperus monosperma).Neotoma lepida is a generalist forager across its range,yet populations in the Great Basin specialize on Utah juniper(J.osteosperma).While both juniper species have high levels of terpenes,the terpene profiles and quantities differ between the two.Individuals from both woodrat species were fed diets of each juniper in a cross-over design.Urine,collected over a 24-h period,was extracted and analyzed in an untargeted metabolomics approach using both GC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS.The obligate specialist N.stephensi excreted a unique pattern of Phase I metabolites when fed its native juniper,while N.lepida excreted a unique pattern of Phase II metabolites when fed its native juniper.Both woodrat species utilized the Phase II metabolic pathway of glucuronidation more heavily when consuming the more chemically diverse J.osteosperma,and N.stephensi utilized less glucuronida-tion than N.lepida when consuming J.monosperma.These results are consistent with the hypothesis that obligate specialists may have evolved unique and efficient biotransformation mechanisms for dealing with PSCs in their diet.

关键词： dietary specialization herbivory juniper metabolomics Neotoma

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Role of climatic variability in shaping intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance in Mediterranean water beetles

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 285-298页

作者： Susana Pallarés David Garoffolo Belén Rodríguez David Sánchez-Fernández department of zoology University of SevilleSevilleSpain Faculty of Biology Department of Ecology and HydrologyUniversity of MurciaCampus EspinardoMurciaSpain

The climatic variability hypothesis(CVH)predicts that organisms in more thermally variable environments have wider thermal breadths and higher thermal plasticity than those from more stable environments.However,due to evolutionary trade-offs,taxa with greater absolute thermal limits may have little plasticity of such limits(trade-off hypothesis).The CVH assumes that climatic variability is the ultimate driver of thermal tolerance variation across latitudinal and altitudinal gradients,but average temperature also varies along such gradients.We explored intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance in three typical Mediterranean saline water beetles(families Hydrophilidae and Dytiscidae).For each species,we compared two populations where the species coexist,with similar annual mean temperature but contrasting thermal variability(continental vs.coastal population).We estimated thermal limits of adults from each population,previously acclimated at 17,20,or 25℃.We found species-specific patterns but overall,our results agree with the CVH regarding thermal ranges,which were wider in the continental(more variable)population.In the two hydrophilid species,this came at the cost of losing plasticity of the upper thermal limit in this population,supporting the trade-off hypothesis,but not in the dytiscid one.Our results support the role of local adaptation to thermal variability and trade-offs between basal tolerance and physiological plasticity in shaping thermal tolerance in aquatic ectotherms,but also suggest that intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance does not fit a general pattern among aquatic insects.Overlooking such intraspecific variation could lead to inaccurate predictions of the vulnerability of aquatic insects to global warming.

关键词： acclimation capacity aquatic insects climate change heat coma temperature supercooling point thermal plasticity

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Hematobiochemical and histopathological alterations in Nile Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)exposed to ethidium bromide:The protective role of Spirulina platensis

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第1期9卷 93-103页

作者： Sabreen Abdullah Mervat Naguib Alaa El-Din Salah El-Din Alaa El-Din H.Sayed zoology department Faculty of ScienceAswan UniversityAswan81528Egypt zoology department Faculty of ScienceAssuit UniversityAssiut71516Egypt

Ethidium bromide(EtBr)is one of the contaminants recorded in aquatic environments whose effects have been investigated;however,there is still limited knowledge about its remediation.This study examined the potential protective effects of Spirulina platensis(SP)against the effects of EtBr toxicity in the Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)fry.Fry were divided to five groups,viz.,a control and four treatment groups of low-dose EtBr(10μg/L),low-dose EtBr with SP(10μg/L EtBr+200 mg/L SP),high-dose EtBr(100μg/L),and high-dose EtBr with SP(100μg/L EtBr+200 mg/L SP);the exposure period was 2 weeks.Low and high doses of EtBr induced alterations in some hematological,biochemical,and histopathological parameters.Necrotic hepatocytes,degenerated area,vacuolated hepatocytes,pyknotic nuclei,constricted and dilated blood sinusoids,and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed.Lipid peroxidation concentration was not significantly different in groups exposed to low doses of EtBr and EtBr with SP,but it was increased in groups exposed to high doses of EtBr and EtBr with SP,compared with the control group.After feeding with SP,most histological and histochemical parameters restored to normal values.Therefore,SP may possess the ability to preserve the structural integrity of the hepatic and renal membranes.

关键词： Ethidium bromide Spirulina platensis Oreochromis niloticus Liver Lipid peroxidation

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Impact of metal polluted sewage water on soil nematode assemblages in agricultural settings of Aligarh,India

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第1期6卷 61-75页

作者： Mohammed F.S.A.Ghanem Shahid Afzal Humira Nesar Zarrin Imran Wasim Ahmad Nematode Biodiversity Research Lab Department of ZoologyAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh 202002India

Sewage water in agriculture threatens human health and soil ecosystems through metal pollution.Nematodes show promise as bioindicators of soil health due to their abundance and position in soil food webs.Metal-polluted water decreased abundance of certain nematode groups and Sigma Maturity Index.Metal pollution positively affected nematode groups with r-selected life cycles.Sewage water has been inappropriately used in agriculture,posing possible threats to human health and the soil ecosystems by its constituent pollutants,especially heavy metals.Correct evaluation of its influences on soil biomes needs to consider the response of soil fauna.Among soil organisms,nematodes are seen as the best promising candidates for bioindicators of soil health.Here in,we collected soil samples from fresh water irrigated field from three sites(S1,S2 and S3)and sewage water irrigated distance gradient(5 m-40 m),to assess the influence of metal(Cu,Zn,Cd,Mn,Pb)polluted water on various characteristics of nematode communities.The results indicated that the heavy metals decreased the abundance of C-p3 nematodes,herbivores,and predatory nematodes as well as sigma maturity index,whereas,C-p1,C-p2,bacterivore and fungivore nematodes abundance and diversity positively responded to the metal pollution.Generally,nematode genera with r-selected life cycle were positively affected and those with K-selected life cycle were negatively affected by metal pollution.Overall nematode community has potential to be used as indicator of pollution stress in agricultural soils to check soil health and sustainability.

关键词： heavy metals sewage irigation agriculture nematodes bioindicators

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Weak influence of natural vegetation in urban green spaces compared to agricultural ecosystems on House Martin populations:Insights from nationwide citizen science data in the Czech Republic

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 139-146页

作者： Denisa Dvorakova Jan Sipos Josef Suchomel department of zoology FisheriesHydrobiology and ApicultureMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 161300BrnoCzech Republic

The House Martin(Delichon urbicum)is a common farmland bird species in the European landscape,yet its population numbers are currently in decline.However,it is not yet sufficiently explained why this long-term decline occurs.To fill this gap in our knowledge,we investigated how land cover composition affects the abundance of House Martins on the landscape scale by using nationwide citizen science data.Utilizing a generalised linear mixed-effect model(GLMM),we evaluated 12,094 records from the Czech Republic spanning 2009-2017.Our analysis underscores the significance of land cover type in shaping House Martin abundance.More specifically,our results indicate that within agricultural land covers“naturally managed arable lands”exhibited significant positive effect,while forests,orchards,and vineyards were deemed less favourable for House Martin populations.Within urban land covers,we found a clear distinction in the impact on House Martin populations,with a positive effect observed in urban infrastructure,development areas,and post-industrial sites(i.e.,UrbanAreas),while an indifferent impact was noted within urban green spaces and landscaped areas(i.e.,GreenUrban).Notably,our findings suggest that the simple spatial,age,and species structure typical of forests in Europe,and similarly,the uniform structure of parks and gardens,may be responsible for the decline in the abundance of the House Martin.We advocate for the preservation or enhancement of urban greenery,expansion of natural vegetation in rural areas and adoption of ecological management practices in orchards and vineyards to mitigate further declines in House Martin populations.

关键词： Citizen science Habitat preferences House Martin Species distribution Urban and suburban landscape

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Long-term monitoring of cycles in Clethrionomys rutilus in the Yukon boreal forest

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Integrative zoology 2024年第1期19卷 27-36页

作者： Charles J.KREBS Alice J.KENNEY B.Scott GILBERT Rudy BOONSTRA department of zoology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada Renewable Resources Management Program Yukon UniversityWhitehorseYukonCanada department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada

Baseline studies of small rodent populations in undisturbed ecosystems are rare.We report here 50 years of mon-itoring and experimentation in Yukon of a dominant rodent species in the North American boreal forest,the red-backed vole Clethrionomys rutilus.These voles breed in summer,weigh 20–25 g,and reach a maximum density of 20 to 25 per ha.Their populations have shown consistent 3–4-year cycles for the last 50 years with the only change being that peak densities averaged 8/ha until 2000 and 18/ha since that year.During the last 25 years,we have measured food resources,predator numbers,and winter weather,and for 1-year social interactions,to estimate their contribution to changes in the rate of summer increase and the rate of overwinter decline.All these potential limiting factors could contribute to changes in density,and we measured their relative contributions statistically with multiple regressions.The rate of winter decline in density was related to both food supply and winter severity.The rate of summer increase was related to summer berry crops and white spruce cone production.No measure of predator numbers was related to winter or summer changes in vole abundance.There was a large signal of climate change effects in these populations.There is no density dependence in summer population growth and only a weak one in winter population declines.None of our results provide a clear understanding of what generates 3–4-year cycles in these voles,and the major missing piece may be an understanding of social interactions at high density.

关键词： boreal forest climate change density dependence population cycles predation winter severity

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Rapid growth in a large Cambrian apex predator

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 128-136页

作者：吴雨 Stephen Pates Daniel Pauly 张兴亮傅东静 State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment Department of Geology Northwest University department of zoology University of Cambridge Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries University of British Columbia Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Despite the importance of ontogenetic data on early diverging euarthropods to our understanding of the ecology and evolution of past life, the data are distinctly lacking, as reconstructing life histories of fossil animals is often challenging. Here we report the growth trajectory of frontal appendages of the apex predator Amplectobelua symbrachiata, one of the most common radiodont arthropods from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota(c. 520 Ma) of China. Analysis of 432 specimens(9.1–137.1 mm length; 1.3–25.6 mm height) reveals that appendages grew isometrically, with an estimated maximum size of the whole animal of c. 90 cm. Individuals grew rapidly compared to extant arthropods, as assessed using the electronic length-frequency analysis(ELEFAN) approach. Therefore, we show that the Cambrian apex predator A. symbrachiata was an extremely fast-growing arthropod, with an unusual life history strategy that formed as part of the escalatory ‘arms race’ that shaped the Cambrian explosion over 500 Ma.

关键词： stem-group Euarthropoda Radiodonta post-embryonic development growth dynamics Cambrian Explosion

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