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Reconciliation of research on forest carbon sequestration and water conservation

Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第1期32卷 7-14页

作者： Tanzeel Javaid Aini Farooqi Xuhua Li Zhen Yu Shirong Liu Osbert Jianxin Sun School of ecology and nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Sichuan Academy of Forestry Chengdu 610081People’s Republic of China School of Applied Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044People’s Republic of China State Forestry and Grassland Administration of China Key Laboratory of Forest ecology and Environment Institute of Forest EcologyEnvironment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091People’s Republic of China

Carbon sequestration and water conservation are two of the key ecosystem services that forests provide for societal need to address environmental *** of the dual services is the ultimate goal in forest management for mitigating global climate change and safeguarding terrestrial water ***,there are some tradeoff s between gain in forest productivity and ecosystem water *** conducted literature review based on published articles for learned knowledge on forest carbon fi xation and hydrological *** knowledge gaps and research needs are identifi ed by examining the inter-connections between forest carbon sequestration and water *** researches have helped gain basic understanding of the mechanisms and controls of forest carbon fi xation and hydrological regulations as two separate *** and approaches are well established for quantifying and monitoring forest carbon and hydrological issues,operating at diff erent spatial and temporal *** are knowledge gaps on how to design aff orestation schemes facilitating enhanced ecosystem services in forest carbon sequestration and water *** the top-down planning of aff orestation in regions where water availability is anticipated to be problematic,the questions of how much and where to plant for given land availability,known environmental implications,and sustained regional development and livelihood need to be *** local management considerations,the questions of what and how to plant *** orts are needed in joint studies of forest carbon sequestration and water conservation functionalities,specifi cally in relation to establishment and management of planted forests aiming for delivering regulatory ecosystem services in carbon sequestration,water conservation and other social *** propose an integrated framework with dual consideration of carbon sequestration and water conservation in forest management for future researc

关键词： Carbon balance Ecosystem services Forest management Hydrological processes Tradeoff

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Changes in the speed of ants as a result of aggressive interactions

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 842-852页

作者： Piotr Slipinski Michal Zmihorski Laboratory of Social and Myrmecophilous Insects Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland department of ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden Institute of nature Conservation PolishAcademy of Sciences Krakow Poland

Subordinate ant species utilize different tactics to reduce competition with the stronger, larger and more aggressive individuals of a dominant species. In our experimental study, we assessed the behavioral response of individual workers of 4 subordinate ant species during their co-occurrence with workers of a single dominant species. Contrary to most classical experiments focused on aggressive interactions, we assessed workers＇ speed as a crucial factor in the outcome of co-occurrence. Generally, there was a large intraspecific variation in the speed of the studied species--each had slow and fast individuals. Workers of all studied species moved faster just after interaction, suggesting that contact between 2 hostile workers is a stressful stimulus, generating a behavioral reaction of increasing speed. Also, the number of aggressive contacts experienced by a given individual positively affected its speed. Moreover, workers which were fast when exploring territory were also fast after interspecific interactions. The duration of aggression was significantly reduced by the speed and body size of a subordinate species worker--the more quickly a worker reacted and bigger it was, the shorter was the time of cumulative aggression. To our knowledge, this is the first study of this type to be conducted on ants and we conclude that speed is an overlooked and important characteristic of species and also individuals, therefore it should be considered as a driver of patterns of co-occurrence in ant assemblages.

关键词： hierarchy reaction response speed survival velocity

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Vegetation Improvement and Rational Use of Winter Pastures of ＂CeyranchoI-Acinohur＂ Arrays

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2014年第6期3卷 345-350页

作者： Sevda Axmedova department of ecology and nature protection Ganja State University Ganja 2000 Azerbaijian Post-Graduate Academy Institute of Botany Baku 1000 Azerbaijan

This article describes the development of human potential interaction between society and nature. The environment, sustainable use of natural resources, prevention of adverse effects of human activities on the environment, and disturbances of dynamical ecological balance of the existing natural systems have received increased attention. The heed is introduced both on the state scale and in broad circles of science and society in The Azerbaijan Republic.

关键词： Winter pastures dry steppe zone rational use vegetation.

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Temporal-spatial patterns of intestinal parasites of the Hooded Crane(Grus monacha) wintering in lakes of the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain

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Chinese Birds 2014年第1期5卷 40-48页

作者： Wei Huang Lizhi Zhou Niannian Zhao Institute of Biodiversity and Wetland ecology School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Anhui University Anhui Provincial Species Information Center Anhui Shengjin Lake National nature Reserve

Background: Parasites have adverse effects on the life and survival of many migratory waterbirds, especially birds on the endangered species list. Hooded Cranes are large migratory colonial waterbirds wintering in wetlands,which are prone to parasite infection, thus monitoring the diversity of parasites is important for sound wetland management and protection of this ***: From November 2012 to April 2013, we collected 821 fresh faecal samples from the three lakes(Poyang,Caizi and Shengjin Lake) in the lower and middle Yangtze River floodplain, and detected with saturated brine floating and centrifugal sedimentation methods. Parasite eggs were quantified with a modified Mc Master's counting ***: In this study, 11 species of parasites were discovered, i.e., two coccidium(Eimeria gruis, E. reichenowi), five nematodes(Capillaria sp., Strongyloides sp., Ascaridia sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Ancylostomatidae), three trematodes(Echinostoma sp., Echinochasmus sp., Fasciolopsis sp.) and one cestode(Hymenolepis sp.). About 57.7% of the faecal samples showed parasitic infection. All species of parasites were found at the three sites except Hymenolepis which was not found at Poyang Lake. While most samples were affected by only one or two species of parasites, infection by Eimeria spp. was the most common(53.1%). From One-Way ANOVA analysis of the three lakes, parasite species richness index(p = 0.656), diversity index(p = 0.598) and evenness index(p = 0.612) showed no significant difference. According to the statistical analysis of our data, there were no significant difference in parasite species richness index(p = 0.678) and evenness index(p = 0.238) between wintering periods, but a strong difference in diversity index(p < 0.05).Conclusions: Our study suggests that in the wintering Hooded Crane populations, parasite diversity is more sensitive to changes in the overwintering periods than to locations. This also indicates that with the limitations of mig

关键词： Hooded Crane Wintering population Migratory waterbirds Faecal parasite Parasite diversity

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Water and Heavy Metal Transport in Roadside Soils

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Pedosphere 2005年第6期15卷 746-753页

作者： B. KOCHER G. WESSOLEK H. STOFFREGEN Federal Highway Research Institute Bruederstraβe 53 51427 Bergisch Gladbach (Germany) Institute of ecology Department of Soil Protection Technical University of Berlin Salzufer 12 10587 Berlin (Germany)

Roads with very high traffic loads in regions where soils are low in both pH and sorption capacity might be a source of percolation water loaded with heavy metals. Looking at some "worst case" scenarios, this study focused on the input of traffic related pollutants and on Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr concentrations in the soil matrix and soil solution, respectively. The analysis also included pH and electrical conductivity and at some sites DOC. The investigations were carried out on sandy soils with more or less low pH values at four motorway sites in Germany. The average of daily traffic was about 50 000 up to 90 000 vehicles. Soil pore water was collected in two soil depths and at four distances from the road. The pH in general decreased with increasing distance from the roadside. The elevated pH near the roadside was presumably caused by deposition of dust and weathering residues of the road asphalt, as well as by infiltration of salt that was used during winter time. At these road sites, increased heavy metal concentrations in the soil matrix as well as in the soil solution were found. However, the concentrations seldom exceeded reference values of the German Soil protection Act. The soil solution concentrations tended to increase from the road edge to 10 m distance, whereas the concentration in the soil matrix decreased. Elevated DOC concentrations corresponded with elevated Cu concentrations but did not substantially change this tendency. High soil water percolation rates were found near the roads. Thus, even low metal concentrations of percolation water could yield high metal loads in a narrow area beside the road.

关键词： heavy metals percolation water roadside soils traffic

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Application of a hybrid gravity-driven membrane filtration and dissolved ozone flotation(MDOF)process for wastewater reclamation and membrane fouling mitigation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第7期31卷 17-27页

作者： Xin Jin Wei Wang Shuai Wang Pengkang Jin Xiaochang C.Wang Wushou Zhang Weijun An Yong Wang Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource Environment and Ecology MOE Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Langzheng Environmental protection Technology Co. Ltd.

This study proposed a novel membrane filtration and dissolved ozone flotation integrated(MDOF) process and tested it at pilot scale. Membrane filtration in the MDOF process was operated in gravity-driven mode, and required no backwashing, flushing, or chemical cleaning. Because ozone was added in the MDOF process, ozonation, coagulation, and membrane filtration could occur in a single reactor. Moreover, in situ ozonation occurred in the MDOF process, which differs from the conventional pre-ozonation membrane filtration process. Significant enhancement of turbidity removal was further achieved through the addition of membrane filtration. Membrane fouling was mitigated in the MDOF process compared to the MDAF process. In situ ozonation in the MDOF process decreased the fluorescence intensity and transformed the high MW dissolved organics into small MW compounds. For the fouling layer, the extracellular polymeric substance(EPS) contents and cake layer morphology were analyzed. The results indicated that the contents of EPS decreased. Furthermore, a thinner and more loosely structured cake layer formed in the MDOF process. Because coagulation and ozonation occurred simultaneously in a single reactor, the generation of hydroxyl radicals was enhanced through the catalytic effect of Al-based coagulants on ozone decomposition, which further alleviated membrane fouling in the MDOF process.

关键词： Dissolved ozone flotation Gravity-driven membrane filtration Membrane fouling In situ ozonation

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Differential Gene and Protein Expression in Soybean at Early Stages of Incompatible Interaction with Phytophthora sojae

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第6期10卷 902-910页

作者： LI Yong-gang YANG Ming-xiu LI Yan LIU Wen-wen WEN Jing-zhi LI Yong-hao department of Plant protection Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 P.R.China department of Plant Pathology and ecology Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station 123 Huntington St New Haven CT 06511 USA

Soybean root and stem rot caused by Phytophthora sojae is a destructive disease worldwide. Using genetic resistance is an important and major component in the integrated pest management of this disease. To understand molecular mechanisms of root and stem rot resistance in soybeans, the gene and protein expression in hypocotyls and stems of variety Suinong 10 carrying resistance genes Rps1a and Rps2 was investigated by using mRNA differential display reverse transcription PCR and two-dimensional electrophoresis at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h after inoculation with P. sojae race 1. The results of the comparison of gene and protein expression showed that at least eight differential fragments at the transcriptional level were related to metabolic pathway, phytoalexin, and signal transduction in defense responses. Sequence analyses indicated that these fragments represented cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase gene, ATP b gene coding ATP synthase b subunit and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme gene which upregulated at 0.5 h post inoculation, blue copper protein gene and UDP-N-acetyl-a-D-galactosamine gene which upregulated at 2 h post inoculation, TGA-type basic leucine zipper protein TGA1.1 gene, cyclophilin gene, and 14-3-3 protein gene which upregulated at 4 h post inoculation. Three resistance-related proteins, a-subunit and b-subunit of ATP synthase, and cytochrome P450-like protein, were upregulated at 2 h post inoculation. The results suggested that resistance-related multiple proteins and genes were expressed in the recognition between soybean and P. sojae during zoospore germination, penetration and mycelium growth of P. sojae in soybean.

关键词： Phytophthora sojae resistance mechanism incompatible interaction mRNA differential display reverse transcription PCR two-dimensional electrophoresis

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Leaf litter decomposition dynamics in unmanaged Phyllostachys pubescens stands at high elevations in the Daiyun Mountain National nature Reserve

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第11期14卷 2246-2256页

作者： XU Dao-wei LIU Jin-fu Peter MARSHALL HE Zhong-sheng ZHENG Shi-qun Cross-strait nature Reserve Research Center Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for ecology and Resource Statistics Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia

Due to its rapid growth and high rate of spread, Phyllostachys pubescens can suppress other species, eventually leading to pure P. pubescens forests. Research on the patterns of litter decomposition and nutrient release from P. pubescens across stand mixtures are helpful to understand the decomposition and nutrient dynamics during the invasion process. However, little is known for unmanaged conditions at high elevations. Therefore, we studied the decomposition of four litter compositions comprised of different combinations of P. pubescens and Cunninghamia lanceolata foliage for one year to explore the pattern of litter decomposition and nutrient release at the Daiyun Mountain National nature Reserve. The results show that:(1) the litter decomposed faster with a higher proportion of P. pubescens based on Olson's decay model;(2) the remaining litter compositions followed a trigonometric function model better than Olson'sdecay model and fluctuated periodically in tandem with changing temperature and precipitation;(3) the litter mixture decompositions did not support the biomass-ratio hypothesis test; and(4) there were significant binomial, power and exponential relationships between initial concentration and final amounts remaining after 1 year decomposition for C, N and P. The correlations between litter decomposition and nutrient releases were significant. The results may be used to explain the rapid spread of P. pubescens and to guide the natural management of plantations.

关键词： Decomposition models Biomass-ratiohypothesis Nutrient release pattern Phyllostachyspubescens Litter decomposition

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Structure complexity is the primary driver of functional diversity in the temperate forests of northeastern China

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第4期9卷 511-520页

作者： Zhenghua Lian Juan Wang Chunyu Fan Klaus von Gadow Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China department of Forest ecology School of Ecology and Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Faculty of Forestry and Forest ecology Georg-August-University G€ottingenBüsgenweg 5D-37077GottingenGermany department of Forest and Wood Science University of StellenboschStellenbosch7600South Africa

Background:Assessing functional diversity to identify its spatial patterns and drivers is an important step towards understanding the adaptive capacity of ecosystems to environmental change. However, until now, these mechanisms were poorly understood in the temperate forests of northeastern China, which prevented the development of new management methods aimed at increasing functional trait diversity and thus ecological ***:In this study, we mapped functional diversity distributions using a Kriging Interpolation Method. A specific random forest model approach was adopted to test the importance ranking of 18 variables in explaining the spatial variation of functional diversity. Three piecewise structural equation models (pSEMs) with forest types as random effects were constructed for testing the direct effects of climate, and the indirect effects of stand structure on functional diversity across the large study region. Specific causal relationships in each forest type were also examined using 15 linear structural equation ***:Although environmental filtering by climate is important, stand structure explains most of the functional variation of the forest ecosystems in northeastern China. Our study thus only partially supports the stressdominance hypothesis. Several abundant species determine most of the functional diversity, which supports the mass ratio ***:Our results suggest that forest management aimed at increasing structural complexity can contribute to increased functional diversity, especially regarding the mixing of coniferous and broad-leaved tree species.

关键词： Functional diversity distribution Forest types Forest management Random forest Stand structure attributes Structural equation modeling

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Invasion history of Solenopsis invicta （Hymenoptera： Formicidae） in Fujian, China based on mitochondrial DNA and its implications in development of a control strategy

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Insect Science 2014年第4期21卷 493-498页

作者： Xiang Zhang Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect ecology Department of Plant Protection Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Fujian-Taiwan Ministry of Agriculture Fuzhou China

One of the most invasive species worldwide, Solenopsis invicta Buren, has been described in China since 2003. Recent studies have suggested that China populations are the result of introductions from the USA; however, detailed molecular studies need to be performed in order to understand the expansion and potential multiple introductions from other countries into China. As there were populations of red imported fire ant, S. invicta in different areas and with different methods of introduction, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase Ⅰ gene was used as a marker from 12 populations in four cities in Fujian Province, China, to determine the relationship of invasion among these populations. The three most common haplotypes previously describe in invasive populations of S. invicta： H5, H22 and H36, were found in Fujian. However, frequencies in each city were different. For instance, three populations from Longyan city which invaded with waste plastics, shared haplotype H5. Populations from Xiamen city and Jinjiang city which dispersed with nursery stock, sward and scrap leather, shared haplotype H22. The population from Nanyan village of Xinluo district, Longyan city, bore haplotype H36. Mitochondrial data reveals that the invasion history of S. invicta in Fujian Province is complex, including multiple invasions probably from other provinces within China. Security measures to prevent S. invicta spreading within China are as important as from overseas.

关键词： cox Ⅰ and cox Ⅱ haplotype invasion mitochondrial genes red imported fireant Solenopsis invicta spread

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