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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第1期26卷 131-136页

作者： Marcin Pietrzykowski Wojciech Krzaklewski Bartomiej Wo department of Forest ecology Forest FacultyUniversity of Agriculture in Krakow

This paper presents preliminary assessment of seedling survival and growth of green alder（Alnus viridis（Chaix） DC. in Lam. ＆ DC.） planted on fly ash disposal sites. This kind of post-industrial site is extremely hard to biologically stabilize without top-soiling. The experiment started with surface preparation using NPK start-up mineral fertilizer at 60–36–36 kg ha-1followed by initial stabilization through hydro-seeding with biosolids（sewage sludge 4 Mg ha-1dry mass） and a mixture of grasses（Dactylis glomerata L. and Lolium multiflorum Lam.）（200 kg ha-1）. Subsequently, three-years-old green alder seedlings were planted in plots on two substrate variants：the control（directly on combustion waste） and plots with3 dm3 lignite culm from a nearby mine introduced into the planting pit. Five years of preliminary monitoring show good survival seedling rates and growth parameters（height（h）, average increase in height（Dh）, number of shoots（L o）and leaf nitrogen supply in the fly ash disposal *** of the site with a combination of lignite culm in planting pits and preliminary surface preparation by hydroseeding and mineral fertilization had the most positive effect on green alder seedling parameters. The results indicate that it is possible and beneficial to use green alder for biological stabilization on fly ash disposal sites.

关键词： Fly ash Green alder Seedlings survival Growth Biological stabilisation

Soil quality index as a tool for Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris) monoculture conversion planning on afforested,reclaimed mine land

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第1期25卷 63-74页

作者： Marcin Pietrzykowski department of Forest ecology Forest FacultyUniversity of Agriculture in Krakow

In Central Europe, a large portion of post-mining sites were afforested with Scots pine, which is characterized by good adaptability and a tolerance for poor habitat at the beginning of forest ecosystem development. Conversion of monoculture on mine sites into more biodi- verse mixed hardwood forests, especially on more fertile deposits, can be an emerging need in this part of Europe in next decades. The ability to classify the forests at these post-mining sites will facilitate proper species selection as well as the management and formation of the developed ecosystem＇s stability. This work describes the guidelines that can be followed to assess reclaimed mine soil （RMS） quality, using the mine soil quality index （MSQI） and a classification of developed forest sites as a basis of tree-stand species selection and conversion of pine monocul- tures. The research was conducted on four post-mining facilities （lignite, hard coal, sulphur, and sand pit mining areas） on different RMS sub- strates dominant in Central Europe. Soil quality assessment takes into account the following features of the soil： texture soil nutrients （Ca, Mg, K, Na, P）; acidity （pH KC1）; and Corg-to-Nt ratio in the initial organic horizon. An analysis was conducted of classification systems using the MSQI validation correlation （at p =0.05） with vegetation features af- fected by succession： aboveground biomass of forest floor and ecological indicators of vascular plants （calculated on the basis of EUenberg＇s （2009） system）. Eventually, in the analysed data set, the MSQI ranged from 0.270 for soils on quaternary sands to 0.720 for a mix of quaternary loamy sands with neogene clays. Potential forest habitat types and the role of the pine in the next generation of tree stands on different RMS parent rock substrate were proposed.

关键词： mining sites afforestation pine monoculture conversion soil quality index forest habitat classification.

Effect of yttrium on photosynthesis and water relations in young maize plants

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Journal of Rare Earths 2014年第4期32卷 371-378页

作者： Ivana Maksimovi Rudolf Kastori Marina Putnik-Deli Milan Boriev Faculty of agriculture University of Novi Sad department of Biology and ecology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi Sad

Despite an increase in spectrum of industrial applications of yttrium （Y） and the fact that it is widely present in the soils and plants, some of which are agronomically important crops, its effects on plant growth and metabolism are still obscure. Therefore, the aim of this work was to examine the effect of different concentrations of Y on its accumulation and distribution, photosynthetic responses, water relations, free proline concentration and growth of young maize plants. The experiment was done with maize （Zea mays L., hybrid NS-640）, in water cultures, under semi-controlled conditions of a greenhouse. Plants were supplied with half-strength complete Hoagland nutrient solution, to which was added either 0 （control）, 10-5, 10-4 or 10-3 mol/L Y, in the form of Y（NO）3·5H2O. Each variant was set in thirteen replications, with six plants in each replication. Plants were grown for 21 d and they were at the stage of 3 and 4 leaves when they were analyzed. The presence of Y reduced maize growth and photosynthetic performance. Dimensions of stomata significantly decreased while their density significantly increased on both adaxial and abaxial epidermis. Plant height, root length, total leaf area and dry mass also declined. Concentration of photosynthetic pigments （chl a and b and carotenoids） and free proline decreased. Photosynthesis and transpiration were impaired in the presence of Y-their intensities were also reduced, and the same stands for stomatal conductance of water vapor, photosynthetic water use efficiency （WUE） and water content. Although the highest concentration of Y was found in maize roots in each treatment, Y concentration in the second leaf and shoot also significantly increased with an increase in Y concentration in the nutrient solution. Albeit Y concentration was much higher in roots than in shoots, shoot metabolism and growth were much more disrupted. The results demonstrated that young maize plants accumulated significant amount of Y and that th

关键词： yttrium maize photosynthesis water use efficiency rare earths

Do mowing regimes affect plant and soil biological activity in the mountain meadows of Southern Poland?

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第11期15卷 2409-2421页

作者： JóZEFOWSKA Agnieszka ZALESKI Tomasz ZARZYCKI Jan FRACZEK Krzysztof Institute of Soil Science and Agrophysics Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection University of Agriculture in Krakow department of ecology Climatology and Air Protection University of Agriculture in Krakow department of Microbiology University of Agriculture in Krakow

The soil biological activity of mountain meadows is a significant factor that determines the health and utility of these regions. The climax stage of this area is forest, but to maintain semi-natural grassland, which is characterised by high biodiversity,low-intensity land use(mowing or grazing) is necessarily required. To understand the effect of various mowing regimes on the soil biological activity and plants, the soil microbial activity(microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase activity and number of the cultivable fraction of soil microbial community),annelids community(density and species composition earthworms and enchytraeids) and plant species composition were investigated. The study area was located in the Pieniny National Park in the Carpathian Mountains, in a meadow belonging to the association Dactylis glomerata-Poa trivialis. The investigated variants were divided according to mowing regime:traditional scything – hand mowing(HM), mechanical mowing(MM), or the abandonment of mowing – nonmowing(NM). The microbial activities(expressed by,e.g. microbial biomass carbon and the number of phosphorus bacteria) were affected by the mowing regime. The density of earthworms was higher in the HM and MM than in the NM variants. The largest changes in plant species composition were caused by the abandonment of mowing(NM). The mean number of plant species was positively correlated with soil moisture, earthworm density, and microbial activity(expressed indirectly by dehydrogenases activity). The soil microbial community, such as vegetative bacteria forms and ammonifying bacteria,were positively associated with pH value, and the microbial and total organic carbon content. The results presented here indicate that there is no single form of optimal management for all living *** about mowing regimes, or abandonment of use, should be preceded by multi-aspect studies,including plants and soil biota.

关键词： Mowing techniques Grassland management Earthworms Enchytraeids Microorganisms Biodiversity

Fitness costs of reflex bleeding in the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis: the role of parental effects

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Insect Science 2020年第6期27卷 1346-1359页

作者： Mohamed H.Bayoumy Naoya Osawa Severin Hatt Faculty of agriculture Economic Entomology DepartmentMansoura UniversityMansouraEgypt Laboratory of Forest ecology Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan

Reflex bleeding is an important antipredator defense mechanism in *** examined the costs of reflex bleeding in larval and adult stages of the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis on offspring fitness and reproductive performance through the comparisons between bled and control larvae,reciprocal crosses of bled/control beetles,and early and late clutch *** bled during their larval stage spent a longer time in development and weighed less than *** fertility was reduced for crosses where either one or both parents had been bled during the larval or adult *** crosses that included a parent bled during the larval stage suffered fitness costs in development and female body mass,while those bled during the adult stage suffered no transgenerational *** that suffered bleeding during their larval stage accelerated progeny development of nonbled females in early clutches,suggesting a positive transgenerational effect of larval bleeding,while males that did not suffer bleeding accelerated progeny development of bled females in later *** the underlying effects of bleeding on females'offspring in the early clutches were diminished in the late ones,suggesting another transgenerational *** strengths of maternal and paternal effects on progeny development of parents bled at the larval stage were higher in earlier *** study suggests that *** adults are less affected than larvae by the frequent use of the defensive secretions in their stressful habitats.

关键词： alkaloids development intraguild predation maternal reproduction mating transgenerational effects

Estimating index of population trend by re-sampling techniques （jackknife and bootstrap） and its application to the life table study of rice leaf roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Lepidoptera： Pyralidae）

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Insect Science 2008年第2期15卷 153-161页

作者： Fang-Ling Tao Shi-Fan Min Wei-Jian Wu Guang-Wen Liang Ling Zeng Laboratory of Insect ecology South China Agriculture University Guangzhou department of Food Science Jiangxi AgriculturalUniversity Nanchang China

Taking a published natural population life table of rice leaf roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Lepidoptera： Pyralidae）, as an example, we estimated the population trend index, I, via re-sampling methods （jackknife and bootstrap）, determined its statistical properties and illustrated the application of these methods in determining the control effectiveness of bio- agents and chemical insecticides. Depending on the simulation outputs, the smoothed distribution pattern of the estimates of I by delete-1 jackknife is visually distinguishable from the normal density, but the smoothed pattern produced by delete-d jackknife, and logarithm- transformed smoothed patterns produced by both empirical and parametric bootstraps, matched well the corresponding normal density. Thus, the estimates of I produced by delete-1 jackknife were not used to determine the suppressive effect of wasps and insecticides. The 95% percent confidence intervals or the narrowest 95 percentiles and Z-test criterion were employed to compare the effectiveness of Trichogrammajaponicum Ashmead and insecticides （powder, 1.5% mevinphos ＋ 3% alpha-hexachloro cyclohexane） against the rice leaf roller based on the estimates of I produced by delete-d jackknife and bootstrap techniques. At a = 0.05 level, there were statistical differences between wasp treatment and control, and between wasp and insecticide treatments, if the normality is ensured, or by the narrowest 95 percentiles. However, there is still no difference between insecticide treatment and control. By Z-test criterion, wasp treatment is better than control and insecticide treatment with P-value 〈 0.01. Insecticide treatment is similar to control with P-value 〉 0.2 indicating that 95% confidence intervals procedure is more conservative. Although similar conclusions may be drawn by re-sampling techniques, such as the delta method, about the suppressive effect of trichogramma and insecticides, the normality of the estimates can be checked and guarante

关键词： index of population trend life table re-sampling (jackknife bootstrap) riceleaf roller ( Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)

Effects of gibberellic acid on tiller-bulb number and growth performance of Lilium davidii var. unicolor

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2019年第4期11卷 327-334页

作者： YuHui He ZhongKui Xie XinPing Liu YaJun Wang YuBao Zhang Yang Qiu department of ecology and agriculture Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences

Lilium davidii ***(Lanzhou lily)is an important economic crop in the northwest cold and arid regions of *** regulation of tiller-bulb development and plant growth is the key to improving yield and quality of the *** study attempted to evaluate the effect of gibberellic acid(GA3)on tiller-bulb development and plant growth of Lanzhou lily by applying GA3 at various concentrations(0 mg/L,10 mg/L,30 mg/L,60 mg/L,and 100 mg/L)before planting and in the seedling *** showed that the 60-mg/L GA3 application had an inhibiting effect on tiller-bulb formation and increased the ratios of single and double bulbs but decreased the ratios of bulbs with three or more tiller bulbs,as com pared to the control(CK)and other GA3 *** difference in flower number did not reach significant levels among the *** tillering-related endogenous hormones IAA(indole-3-acetic acid)and Z(zeatin)content de creased,while IAA/Z increased with the 60-mg/L GA3 treatment during tiller *** also,the shoot-bulb number and total daughter-bulb number decreased significantly with the 60-mg/L GA3 ***,the 10-mg/L GA3 application promoted growth of Lanzhou lily significantly and resulted in an increase in plant height;bulb diameter;bulb circumference;and biomass of shoots,bulbs,fibrous roots,and the whole ***,GA3 application is promising as a new regulation method for inhibiting tiller-bulb development and promoting bulb growth in Lanzhou lily production.

关键词： Gibberellic acid tiller bulb endogenous hormone content height biomass

Development of a new humane toxin for predator control in New Zealand

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第1期5卷 31-36页

作者： Charles T.EASON Elaine C.MURPHY Steve HIX Duncan B.MACMORRAN Faculty of agriculture and Life Sciences Department of EcologyLincoln UniversityLincoln Connovation Limited AucklandNew Zealand department of Conservation ChristchurchNew Zealand

The endemic fauna of New Zealand evolved in the absence of mammalian predators and their introduction has been responsible for many extinctions and *** species including possums(Trichosurus vulpecula Kerr),ship rats(Rattus rattus L.)and stoats(Mustela erminea L.)are targeted to protect native *** methodologies currently rely largely on labor-intensive trapping or the use of increasingly unpopular poisons,or poisons that are linked with low welfare ***,the development of safer humane predator toxins and delivery systems is highly ***-aminopropiophenone(PAPP)is being developed as a toxin for feral cats(Felis catus L.)and *** appear to be much more susceptible to PAPP than birds,so it potentially has high target specificity,at least in New *** trials with 20 feral cats and 15 stoats have been undertaken using meat baits containing a proprietary formulation of PAPP.A PAPP dose of 20-34 mg kg^(-1)was lethal for feral cats and 37-95 mg kg^(-1)was lethal for *** assessments suggest that PAPP,for the control of feral cats and stoats,is a humane and effective *** causes methaemoglobinaemia,resulting in central nervous system anoxia,lethargy and death.

关键词： cyanide feral cat(Felis catus) para-aminopropiophenone pest control stoat(Mustela erminea) welfare

Fine root morphology and soil properties under influence of different tree stands along an altitudinal climosequence in the Carpathian mountains

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第5期9卷 692-700页

作者： Karolina Staszel Ewa Błonska Jarosław Lasota department of ecology and Silviculture Faculty of ForestryUniversity of Agriculture in Krakow29 Listopada 46 Str31-425KrakowPoland

In an era of climate change, understanding the factors that impact root systems can improve our understanding of carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. The study objective was to determine the impact of climatic conditions on the biomass and morphology of roots of different tree species along an elevation gradient, and consequently on properties of montane forest soils. The study plots were established at three different elevations(600, 800 and1000 m a.s.l.) along a slope with an inclination of 15°. The research plots were located in a beech stand(Fagus sylvatica L.) and fir stand(Abies alba Mill.). Soil samples were collected from each study plot, for which basic physical and chemical properties were determined. Additionally, we determined the morphology, production and decomposition rate of fine roots. Our analyses confirmed the significance of climatic conditions in the formation of soil properties, in particular the amount of accumulated carbon and nitrogen content. A decrease of root biomass and reduced root growth were recorded with increasing elevation. The characteristics of roots were linked with the properties of the studied mountain soils, in particular p H, alkaline cation content and content of selected micronutrients. Limitation of root growth in higher elevations affected both study species. Additional research into the formation of tree root morphology is needed, especially in mountainous regions where changes may occur more dynamically. This will provide a better understanding of how stands can cope with different types of environmental stress.

关键词： Beech Fir Forest ecosystem Root biomass Soil properties

Deadwood affects the soil organic matter fractions and enzyme activity of soils in altitude gradient of temperate forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第3期10卷 316-327页

作者： Ewa Błońska Wojciech Prazuch Jarosław Lasota department of ecology and Silviculture Faculty of ForestryUniversity of Agriculture in Krakow29 Listopada 46 Str.31-425KrakowPoland

The main objective of our study has been to determine the role of deadwood in the shaping of the amount of soil organic matter fractions in mountain forest *** this purpose,a climosequence approach comprising north(N)and south(S)exposure along the altitudinal gradient(600,800,1000 and 1200 m a.s.l.)was set *** comparing the properties of decomposing deadwood and those of the soils located directly beneath the decaying wood we drew conclusions about the role of deadwood in the shaping of soil organic matter fractions and soil carbon storage in different climate *** basic properties,enzymatic activity and fractions of soil organic matter(SOM)were determined in deadwood and affected directly by the components released from decaying *** decomposed deadwood impacts soil organic matter stabilization more strongly than the less decayed deadwood and the light fraction of SOM is more sensitive to deadwood effects than the heavy fraction regardless of the location in the altitude *** in SOM mineral-associated fraction C content is more pronounced in soils under the influence of deadwood located in lower locations of warmer *** released from decaying wood stimulate the enzymatic activity of soils that are within the range of deadwood influence.

关键词： Enzyme activity Forest soils Heavy fraction Light fraction Soil organic matter