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Federated Learning Security and Privacy-Preserving Algorithm and Experiments Research Under Internet of Things Critical Infrastructure

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Tsinghua science and Technology 2024年第2期29卷 400-414页

作者： Nasir Ahmad Jalali Hongsong Chen department of Computer science University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB)Beijing 100083China

The widespread use of the Internet of Things(IoTs)and the rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies have enabled applications to cross commercial and industrial band *** such systems,all participants related to commercial and industrial systems must communicate and generate ***,due to the small storage capacities of IoT devices,they are required to store and transfer the generated data to third-party entity called“cloud”,which creates one single point to store their ***,as the number of participants increases,the size of generated data also ***,such a centralized mechanism for data collection and exchange between participants is likely to face numerous challenges in terms of security,privacy,and *** address these challenges,Federated Learning(FL)has been proposed as a reasonable decentralizing approach,in which clients no longer need to transfer and store real data in the central ***,they only share updated training models that are trained over their private *** the same time,FL enables clients in distributed systems to share their machine learning models collaboratively without their training data,thus reducing data privacy and security ***,slow model training and the execution of additional unnecessary communication rounds may hinder FL applications from operating properly in a distributed ***,these unnecessary communication rounds make the system vulnerable to security and privacy issues,because irrelevant model updates are sent between clients and ***,in this work,we propose an algorithm for fully homomorphic encryption called Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song(CKKS)to encrypt model parameters for their local information privacy-preserving *** proposed solution uses the impetus term to speed up model convergence during the model training ***,it establishes a secure communication channel between IoT devices and the *** a

关键词： Federated Learning(FL) Internet of Things(IoTs) lightweight Transport Layer Security(iTLS) Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song(CKKS)

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A recyclable method for titanium extraction and oxygen evolution from Ti-bearing slags

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Fundamental Research 2024年第1期4卷 86-94页

作者： Zhenghao Pu Wei Wang Zhe Wang Mingyin Kou Yiwa Luo Jianbang Ge Xin Tao Mingyong Wang Shuqiang Jiao State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Metallurgical and ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Southern Marine science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519080China

Despite its existence for more than 80 years,the titanium industry is still challenged by massive carbon emissions,high production costs,and large resource *** than one hundred million tons of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag(TB-slag)has been discarded in China because of the difficulty of reutilization,which requires efficient titanium extraction and recovery *** paper describes a low-cost,carbon-emission-free method for Ti extraction and oxygen evolution via molten oxide electrolysis(MOE)vacuum *** a comprehensive analysis of the binding energies and activities of liquid metals,the highlights of our study are as follows.1)Sb has the best preferential deposition of Ti among a series of high-Ti-affinitive liquid metal cathodes(Cu,Ni,Pb,Sn,and Sb).2)The Ir anode was first used in TB-slag with IrO_(2) formed on its surface to protect it from further corrosion.3)An alloy containing Ti and Ca can be obtained by MOE,and Ti and Ca metals can be refined by further vacuum distillation.4)A closed loop is formed in the overall process owing to the recyclable Sb cathode and continuous feeding of TB-slag into the *** simple,low-cost,and environmentally friendly method can realize the efficient utilization of Ti resources and achieve carbon neutrality.

关键词： Titanium Molten oxide electrolysis Inert anodeLiquid cathode Depolarization

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Regulating Oxygen Vacancy Defects in Heterogeneous NiO-CeO_(2)−δ Hollow Multi-shelled Structure for Boosting Oxygen Evolution Reaction

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2024年第3期40卷 475-483页

作者： WANG Huan GONG Guannan SUN Guohua QI Jian YU Ranbo WANG Dan Hebei Key Laboratory of Flexible Functionals Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050000P.R.China department of Physical Chemistry School of Metallurgical and Ecological EngineeringUniversity of Science&Technology BejingBeijing 100083P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190P.R.China

CeO_(2) with excellent oxygen storage-exchange capacity and NiO with excellent surface activity were used to construct a heterogeneous NiO-CeO_(2)−δhollow multi-shelled structure(HoMS)by spray *** turned out that as the proportion of CeO_(2) increases,the overpotential and Tafel slope of NiO-CeO_(2)−δHoMSs first decreased and then *** is mainly because the construction of the NiO-CeO_(2)−δHoMSs not only increases the specific surface area,but also introduces oxygen vacancy defects,thus improving the interface charge transfer capability of the materials and further improving the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)***,the increase of the calcination temperature will induce the decay of the OER performance of NiO-CeO_(2)−δHoMSs,which is mainly due to the decrease of the specific surface area,the reduction of oxygen vacancy defects,and the weakening of interface charge transfer ***,a series of heterogeneous composite HoMSs,such as Ni/Co,Mo/Ni,Al/Ni and Fe/Ni oxides was successfully constructed by spray drying,which enriched the diversity of HoMSs.

关键词： Heterogeneous composite structure Hollow multishelled structure Oxygen vacancy defect Oxygen evolution reaction

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Digital neuromorphic technology: current and future prospects

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National science Review 2024年第5期11卷 10-11页

作者： Steve Furber department of Computer science The University of Manchester

Neuromorphic technology has diversified considerably from its origins in the seminal work by Carver Mead and his group at Caltech in the 1980s [1]. That early work focussed on the analogy between the equations describing the flow of ions in biological neurons and the equations describing the flow of carriers in field-effect transistors operating in the subthreshold region.

关键词： LOIHI

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Gypsum-based Silica Gel Humidity-controlling Composite Materials:Preparation,Characterization,and Performance

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials science) 2024年第2期39卷 337-344页

作者：李曦冉茂宇 School of Architecture Huaqiao UniversityXiamen 361021China Xiamen Key Laboratory of ecological Building Construction Xiamen 361021China

Gypsum was used as substrate,and silica gel was mixed into substrate at a certain mass ratio to prepare humidity-controlling composites;moreover,the moisture absorption and desorption properties of gypsum-based composites were compared with adding different silica gel particle size and *** morphological characteristics,the isothermal equilibrium moisture content curve,moisture absorption and desorption rate,moisture absorption and desorption stability,and humidity-conditioning performance were tested and *** experimental results show that,compared with pure-gypsum,the surface structure of the gypsum-based composites is relatively loose,the quantity,density and aperture of the pores in the structure *** absorption and desorption capacity increase along with the increase of silica gel particle size and silica gel *** 3 mm silica gel particle size is added with a mass ratio of 40%,the maximum equilibrium moisture content of humidity-controlling composites is 0.161 g/g at 98% relative humidity(RH),3.22 times that of *** moisture absorption and desorption rates are increased,the equilibrium moisture absorption and desorption rates are 2.68 times and 1.61 times that of pure-gypsum at 58.5% RH,*** gypsum-based composites have a good stability,which has better timely response to dynamic humidity changes and can effectively regulate indoor humidity under natural conditions.

关键词： humidity controlling composite materials gypsum silica gel

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Skill enhancement learning with knowledge distillation

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 206-220页

作者： Naijun LIU Fuchun SUN Bin FANG Huaping LIU department of Computer science and Technology Tsinghua University

Skill learning through reinforcement learning has significantly progressed in recent years. However, it often struggles to efficiently find optimal or near-optimal policies due to the inherent trial-and-error exploration in reinforcement learning. Although algorithms have been proposed to enhance skill learning efficacy, there is still much room for improvement in terms of skill learning performance and training stability. In this paper, we propose an algorithm called skill enhancement learning with knowledge distillation(SELKD), which integrates multiple actors and multiple critics for skill learning. SELKD employs knowledge distillation to establish a mutual learning mechanism among actors. To mitigate critic overestimation bias,we introduce a novel target value calculation method. We also perform theoretical analysis to ensure the convergence of SELKD. Finally, experiments are conducted on several continuous control tasks, illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： skill learning enhancement learning reinforcement learning knowledge distillation

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Topologically Correct Intersection Curves of Two Trimmed Quadrics with Tolerance Control

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Journal of Systems science & Complexity 2024年第5期37卷 2207-2239页

作者： SHAO Wenbing CHEN Falai department of Mathematics University of Science and Technology of China

Surface/surface intersection is a fundamental problem in Compute Aided Design and Geometric Modeling since it is essential to solid modeling, numerically controlled machining, feature recognition, computer animation, etc. In practical applications, quadric surfaces, which are the most basic type of surfaces, are typically bounded surfaces trimmed by a sequence of planes. In this paper,a robust algorithm is proposed for computing the intersection curve segments of two trimmed quadrics based on the parametric representation of the intersection curves of two quadrics. The proposed algorithm guarantees correct topology and ensures that the approximation errors of the end points of the intersection curve segments are less than a given tolerance. The error control is based on an effective solution to a set of polynomial inequality system using the root isolation technique. Some examples are presented to validate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Polynomial inequality system root isolation surface/surface intersection tolerance control trimmed quadrics

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Heteroatom tuning in agarose derived carbon aerogel for enhanced potassium ion multiple energy storage

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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 239-254页

作者： Kaijun Xie Xin Liu Haolin Li Long Fang Kai Xia Dongjiang Yang Yihui Zou Xiaodong Zhang State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological TextilesInstitute of Marine Biobased MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina

The incorporation of heteroatoms into carbon aerogels(CAs)can lead to structural distortions and changes in active sites due to their smaller size and electronegativity compared to pure ***,the evolution of the electronic structure from single-atom doping to heteroatom codoping in CAs has not yet been thoroughly investigated,and the impact of codoping on potassium ion(K+)storage and diffusion pathways as electrode material remains *** this study,experimental and theoretical simulations were conducted to demonstrate that heteroatom codoping,composed of multiple heteroatoms(O/N/B)with different properties,has the potential to improve the electrical properties and stability of CAs compared to single-atom *** states near the Fermi level have revealed that doping with O/N/B generates a greater number of active centers on adjacent carbon atoms than doping with O and O/N *** a result of synergy with enhanced wetting ability(contact angle of 9.26°)derived from amino groups and hierarchical porous structure,ON-CA has the most optimized adsorption capacity(−1.62 eV)and diffusion barrier(0.12 eV)of K^(+).The optimal pathway of K^(+)in ON-CA is along the carbon ring with N or O *** K^(+)storage material for supercapacitors and ion batteries,it shows an outstanding specific capacity and capacitance,electrochemical stability,and rate ***,the assembled symmetrical K^(+)supercapacitor demonstrates an energy density of 51.8 Wh kg^(−1),an ultrahigh power density of 443Wkg^(−1),and outstanding cycling stability(maintaining 83.3%after 10,000 cycles in 1M KPF6 organic electrolyte).This research provides valuable insights into the design of highperformance potassium ion storage materials.

关键词： agarose carbon aerogels O/N/B codoping potassium-ion battery potassium-ion supercapacitor

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Categorizing methods for integrating machine learning with executable specifications

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 5-19页

作者： David HAREL Raz YERUSHALMI Assaf MARRON Achiya ELYASAF department of Computer science and Applied Mathematics Weizmann Institute of Science department of Software and Information Systems Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

Deep learning(DL),which includes deep reinforcement learning(DRL),holds great promise for carrying out real-world tasks that human minds seem to cope with quite *** promise is already delivering extremely impressive results in a variety of ***,while DL-enabled systems achieve excellent performance,they are far from *** has been demonstrated,in several domains,that DL systems can err when they encounter cases they had not hitherto ***,the opacity of the produced agents makes it difficult to explain their behavior and ensure that they adhere to various requirements posed by human *** the other end of the software development spectrum of methods,behavioral programming(BP) facilitates orderly system development using self-standing executable modules aligned with how humans intuitively describe desired system *** this paper,we elaborate on different approaches for combining DRL with BP and,more generally,machine learning(ML) with executable specifications(ES).We begin by defining a framework for studying the various approaches,which can also be used to study new emerging approaches not covered *** then briefly review state-of-the-art approaches to integrating ML with ES,continue with a focus on DRL,and then present the merits of integrating ML with *** conclude with guidelines on how this categorization can be used in decision making in system development,and outline future research challenges.

关键词： machine learning artificial intelligence grey box learning domain knowledge rules behavioral programming deep reinforcement learning survey

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Optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties of spinel chalcogenides HgLa2X4（X=S and Se）:A first-principles study

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第10期42卷 1927-1936页

作者： Aparna Dixit Inas A.Ahmed Jisha Annie Abraham Zeinhom M.El-Bahy Mumtaz Manzoor Sajad Ahmad Dar Ramesh Sharma department of Basic science and Humanities Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid University department of Physics National Defence Academy department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar University Institute of Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences department of Physics Motilal Vigyan Mahavidyalya College department of Applied science Feroze Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology

We investigated spinel chalcogenides HgLa2（S/Se）4by using density function theory,and scrutinized the structural,optical,electrical,mechanical and thermoelectric transport characteristics of HgLa2（S/Se）4spinel *** enthalpy of formation,energy of cohesion,and energy volume optimum plots were used to obtain the stability as well as the perfect ground state of these *** ductility of these materials was the best illustrated with the help of Poisson's and Pugh's *** band gap results were obtained using Trans and Blaha modified Becke-Johanson potential（TB-mBJ）.Both the materials present semi-conducting nature with direct band gap equal to 1.449 and 0.892 eV respectively for HgLa2S4and *** were also made for optical characteristics with the values of dielectric function,absorption coefficient,optical conductivity,reflectivity,and refractive *** to the findings,both of these materials are suitable for infrared optoelectronic *** materials were found to have promising optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications after their optical properties and transport aspects were *** tiny levels of temperature conductivities,substantial am ounts of power conductivities,the figure of merit（more than unity）,as well as Seebecs coefficients all point to the potential use of both the materials in thermoelectric power generators.

关键词： Density functional theory Direct band gap Optoelectronic Power factor Semiconductors Thermoelectric

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