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Influence of upstream solar wind on magnetic field distribution in the Martian nightside ionosphere

earth and planetary Physics 2024年第5期8卷 728-741页

作者： JiaWei Gao ZhaoJin Rong Qi Zhang Anna Mittelholz Chi Zhang Yong Wei Key Laboratory of earth and planetary Physics Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of earth and planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Swedish Institute of Space Physics department of earth sciences Center for Space Physics and department of Astronomy Boston University

Using over eight years of Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolutio N （MAVEN） data,from November 2014 to May 2023,we have investigated the Martian nightside ionospheric magnetic field distribution under the influence of upstream solar wind drivers,including the interplanetary magnetic field intensity (∣BIMF∣),solar wind dynamic pressure （PSW）,solar extreme ultraviolet flux （EUV）,and Martian seasons （Ls）.Our analysis reveals pronounced correlations between magnetic field residuals and both∣BIMF∣and *** observed with EUV flux and Lswere weaker—notably,magnetic field residuals increased during periods of high EUV flux and at Mars *** find that the IMF penetrates to an altitude of 200 km under a wide range of upstream conditions,penetrating notably deeper under high∣BIMF∣*** analysis also indicates that EUV flux and IMF cone angle have minimal impact on IMF penetration *** findings provide useful constraints on the dynamic nature of Martian atmospheric escape processes and their evolution,suggesting that historical solar wind conditions may have facilitated deeper IMF penetration and higher rates of ionospheric escape than are observed ***,by establishing criteria for magnetic‘quiet’conditions,this study offers new insights into the planet’s magnetic environment under varying solar wind influences,knowledge that should help refine models of the Martian crustal magnetic field.

关键词： Martian magnetic field external magnetic field upstream solar wind drivers IMF penetration altitude magnetic field activity indices

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Fossil organic carbon weathering:A nexus in global biogeochemical cycles

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Science China earth sciences 2024年第6期67卷 2068-2072页

作者： Gaojun LI Gen KLI department of earth and planetary sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China department of earth Science University of CaliforniaSanta Barbara CA 93106USA

The participation of life processes represents a fundamental feature of geochemical cycles on the planet *** of primary processes is that the carbon-based life utilizes photosynthesis to convert atmospheric CO_(2) int... 详细信息

关键词： weathering earth geochemical

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Is Deep Time Geology Scientific?

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Journal of earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 700-703页

作者： T.Mark Harrison department of earth Planetary and Space SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles90095USA

We all know what car mechanics *** maintain and repair our automobiles according to established engineering *** all know what physicians *** maintain and repair our bodies according to established medical *** what is it that I do as a scientist?Indeed,am I a scientist?The answer to these questions depends on what we meant by“science”.

关键词： maintain Deep repair

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Recent advances in the magnetic reconnection, dipolarization, and auroral processes at giant planets from the perspective of comparative planetology

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earth and planetary Physics 2024年第5期8卷 659-672页

作者： ZhongHua Yao RuiLong Guo Yong Wei Bertrand Bonfond Denis Grodent BinZheng Zhang William R.Dunn ZuYin Pu Key Laboratory of earth and planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences College of earth and planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire STAR InstituteUniversitéde Liège Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong University department of earth sciences the University of Hong Kong department of Physics and Astronomy University College London School of earth and Space sciences Peking University

Magnetic reconnection and dipolarization are crucial processes driving magnetospheric dynamics, including particle energization, mass circulation, and auroral processes, among others. Recent studies have revealed that these processes at Saturn and Jupiter are fundamentally different from the ones at earth. The reconnection and dipolarization processes are far more important than previously expected in the dayside magnetodisc of Saturn and potentially Jupiter. Dayside magnetodisc reconnection was directly identified by using Cassini measurements(Guo RL et al., 2018b) and was found to be drizzle-like and rotating in the magnetosphere of Saturn(Delamere et al., 2015b; Yao ZH et al., 2017a; Guo RL et al., 2019). Moreover, magnetic dipolarization could also exist at Saturn's dayside(Yao ZH et al., 2018), which is fundamentally different from the terrestrial situation. These new results significantly improve our understanding of giant planetary magnetospheric dynamics and provide key insights revealing the physics of planetary aurorae. Here, we briefly review these recent advances and their potential implications for future investigations.

关键词： magnetosphere magnetic reconnection magnetic depolarization

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Phanerozoic co-evolution of O2-CO2 and ocean habitability

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National Science Review 2024年第06期 18-21页

作者： Zunli Lu Rosalind E.M.Rickaby Jonathan L.Payne Ashley N.Prow department of earth & Environmental sciences Syracuse University department of earth sciences University of Oxford department of earth and planetary sciences Stanford University

Atmospheric carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations are partially linked via the geological cycle of organic carbon （Fig. 1A–C; e.g. CO2+H2O■CH2O+O2）. The history of these two biologically active components, controls on their concentrations, and implications for the complexity of the biosphere and habitability of earth have been hotly debated, but are generally considered independently.

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Prediction of solar activities:Sunspot numbers and solar magnetic synoptic maps

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Science China earth sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2460-2477页

作者： Rui ZHUO Jiansen HE Die DUAN Rong LIN Ziqi WU Limei YAN Yong WEI School of earth and Space sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100091China College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics Department of MathematicsKU LeuvenLeuven 3001Belgium Key Laboratory of earth and planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of earth and planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The evolution of solar magnetic fields is significant for understanding and predicting solar *** our knowledge of solar magnetic fields largely depends on the photospheric magnetic *** this paper,based on the spherical harmonic expansion of the photospheric magnetic field observed by Wilcox Solar Observatory,we analyze the time series of spherical harmonic coefficients and predict Sunspot Number as well as synoptic maps for Solar Cycle *** find that solar maximum years have complex short-period disturbances,and the time series of coefficient g_(7)~0 is nearly in-phase with Sunspot Number,which may be related to solar meridional *** Long Short-Term Memory networks(LSTM),our prediction suggests that the maximum of Solar Cycle 25 is likely to occur in June 2024 with an error of 8 months,the peak sunspot number may be 166.9±22.6,and the next solar minimum may occur around January *** incorporating Empirical Mode Decomposition,we enhance our forecast of synoptic maps truncated to Order 5,validating their relative *** prediction not only addresses a gap in forecasting the global distribution of the solar magnetic field but also holds potential reference value for forthcoming solar observation plans.

关键词： Solar activity prediction Solar magnetic field Spherical harmonic expansion Long-Short Term Memory(LSTM) Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD)

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Science and reflections: With some thoughts to young applied scientists and engineers

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earthquake Science 2024年第5期37卷 459-493页

作者： Robert L Nowack department of earth Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47906USA

I provide some science and reflections from my experiences working in geophysics,along with connections to computational and data sciences,including recent developments in machine learning.I highlight several individuals and groups who have influenced me,both through direct collaborations as well as from ideas and insights that I have learned *** my reflections are rooted in geophysics,they should also be relevant to other computational scientific and engineering fields.I also provide some thoughts for young,applied scientists and engineers.

关键词： geophysics computational and data science applied science and engineering

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Late Ordovician Mass Extinction: earth, fire and ice

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 51-65页

作者： David A.T.Harper Palaeoecosystems Group Department of Earth SciencesDurham University

The Late Ordovician Mass Extinction was the earliest of the ‘big’ five extinction events and the earliest to affect the trajectory of metazoan life. Two phases have been identified near the start of the Hirnantian period and in the middle. It was a massive taxonomic extinction, a weak phylogenetic extinction and a relatively benign ecological extinction. A rapid cooling, triggering a major ice age that reduced the temperature of surface waters, prompted a drop in sea level of some 100 m and introduced toxic bottom waters onto the shelves. These symptoms of more fundamental planetary processes have been associated with a range of factors with an underlying driver identified as volcanicity. Volcanic eruptions, and other products, may have extended back in time to at least the Sandbian and early Katian, suggesting the extinctions were more protracted and influential than hitherto documented.

关键词： Ordovician LOME paleoecology palaeobiogeography biotas

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Zircon Zr isotope fractionation during crustal anatexis

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Science China earth sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2495-2506页

作者： Erlin ZHU Qiongxia XIA Zhaoya LI Renxu CHEN James VAN ORMAN School of earth and Space sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution Hefei 230026China Frontiers Science Center for planetary Exploration and Emerging Technologies University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China department of earth Environmental and Planetary SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityCleveland OH 44106USA

Zirconium is one of high field strength elements but its isotope behavior during geochemical processes is still uncertain because of the limited *** Zr isotopes in magmatic rocks are often used to trace the evolution of magmas through fractional crystallization,it is intriguing how highly heterogeneous Zr isotopes were produced by the growth of zircon during crustal *** address this issue by in-situ zircon Zr isotope analyses of migmatites from two high-temperature metamorphic terranes in the South Lhasa zone and the North Dabie zone,respectively,in *** results show highly variable δ^(94)Zr values from-0.30‰ to +0.81‰ and from-0.58‰ to +0.49‰,*** addition to the relict zircon of magmatic origin,two types of newly-grown zircons were identified in terms of their occurrences,trace elements and δ^(94)Zr *** peritectic zircon,mainly occurring in the in-situ leucosomes,exhibits the highest Nb-Ta-Hf-U contents and variably higher δ^(94)Zr values than those of the relict *** anatectic zircon,mainly occurring in the leucocratic veins,shows higher Nb-Ta-Hf-U contents than and similar δ^(94)Zr values to those of the relict *** calculations demonstrate that the variable Zr isotope compositions of newly-grown zircons would result from decoupled release of Zr from zircon and non-zircon *** Zr supply of the peritectic zircon is mainly derived from the decomposition of Zr-bearing minerals in the in-situ anatectic melt(the non-zircon effect),whereas the Zr supply of the anatectic zircon is mainly from the dissolution of pre-existing zircons in the evolved melt(the zircon effect).The significant Zr isotope variations in the migmatites well illustrate the generation,migration and accumulation of the anatectic melts during the partial ***,Zr isotopes can be used as a powerful means for distinguishing between the peritectic and anatectic zircons during crustal anatexis.

关键词： Zr isotopes Zircon effect Non-zircon effect Migmatite Crustal anatexis

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A virtual thermometer for ultrahigh-temperature-pressure experiments in a large-volume press

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 98-110页

作者： Bingtao Feng Longjian Xie Xuyuan Hou Shucheng Liu Luyao Chen Xinyu Zhao Chenyi Li Qiang Zhou Kuo Hu Zhaodong Liu Bingbing Liu State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials Synergetic Extreme Condition User FacilityCollege of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China department of earth sciences University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BSUnited Kingdom earth and planetary Laboratory Carnegie Institute for ScienceWashingtonDistrict of Columbia 20015USA College of earth sciences Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China

Ultrahigh-temperature-pressure experiments are crucial for understanding the physical and chemical properties of *** recent development of boron-doped diamond(BDD)heaters has made such melting experiments possible in large-volume ***,estimates of temperatures above 2600 K and of the temperature distributions inside BDD heaters are not well constrained,owing to the lack of a suitable ***,we establish a three-dimensional finite element model as a virtual thermometer to estimate the temperature and temperature field above 2600 *** advantage of this virtual thermometer over those proposed in previous studies is that it considers both alternating and direct current heating modes,the actual sizes of cell assemblies after compression,the effects of the electrode,thermocouple and anvil,and the heat dissipation by the pressure-transmitting *** virtual thermometer reproduces the power-temperature relationships of ultrahigh-temperature-pressure experiments below 2600 K at press loads of 2.8-7.9 MN(~19 to 28 GPa)within experimental *** temperatures above 2600 K predicted by our virtual thermometer are within the uncertainty of those extrapolated from power-temperature relationships below 2600 ***,our model shows that the temperature distribution inside a BDD heater(19-26 K/mm along the radial direction andearth and material sciences.

关键词： virtual ultrahigh sizes

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