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5G Data Offloading Using Fuzzification with Grasshopper Optimization Technique

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第7期42卷 289-301页

作者： V.R.Balaji T.Kalavathi J.Vellingiri N.Rajkumar Venkat Prasad Padhy department of ECE Sri Krishna College of Engineering and TechnologyCoimbatore641008India department of eie Kongu Engineering CollegeErode638060India School of Information Technology and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632014India department of CSE School of EngineeringPresidency UniversityBangalore560064India School of Computing Science and Engineering VIT Bhopal UniversityBhopal466114India

Data ofﬂoading at the network with less time and reduced energy con-sumption are highly important for every technology.Smart applications process the data very quickly with less power consumption.As technology grows towards 5G communication architecture,identifying a solution for QoS in 5G through energy-efﬁcient computing is important.In this proposed model,we perform data ofﬂoading at 5G using the fuzziﬁcation concept.Mobile IoT devices create tasks in the network and are ofﬂoaded in the cloud or mobile edge nodes based on energy consumption.Two base stations,small(SB)and macro(MB)stations,are initialized and theﬁrst tasks randomly computed.Then,the tasks are pro-cessed using a fuzziﬁcation algorithm to select SB or MB in the central server.The optimization is performed using a grasshopper algorithm for improving the QoS of the 5G network.The result is compared with existing algorithms and indi-cates that the proposed system improves the performance of the system with a cost of 44.64 J for computing 250 benchmark tasks.

关键词： 5G energy consumption task ofﬂoading fuzziﬁcation grasshopper optimization QoS mobile IoT

Doubling Phase Shifters for Efficient Hybrid Precoder Design in Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2019年第2期4卷 51-67页

作者： Xianghao Yu Jun Zhang Khaled B.Letaief Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Erlangen 91058Germany department of eie The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China department of ECE The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China

Hybrid precoding is a cost-effective approach to support directional transmissions for millimeter-wave(mmWave)communications,but its precoder design is highly complicated.In this paper,we propose a new hybrid precoder implementation,namely the double phase shifter(DPS)implementation,which enables highly tractable hybrid precoder design.Efficient algorithms are then developed for two popular hybrid precoder structures,i.e.,the fully-and partially-connected structures.For the fully-connected one,the RF-only precoding and hybrid precoding problems are formulated as a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator problem and a low-rank matrix approximation problem,respectively.In this way,computationally efficient algorithms are provided to approach the performance of the fully digital one with a small number of radio frequency(RF)chains.On the other hand,the hybrid precoder design in the partially-connected structure is identified as an eigenvalue problem.To enhance the performance of this cost-effective structure,dynamic mapping from RF chains to antennas is further proposed,for which a greedy algorithm and a modified K-means algorithm are developed.Simulation results demonstrate the performance gains of the proposed hybrid precoding algorithms over existing ones.It shows that,with the proposed DPS implementation,the fully-connected structure enjoys both satisfactory performance and low design complexity while the partially-connected one serves as an economic solution with low hardware complexity.

关键词： 5G networks hybrid precoding low-rank matrix approximation millimeter-wave communications multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) OFDM

High-Performance FIR Filter Implementation Using Anurupye Vedic Multiplier

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Circuits and Systems 2016年第11期7卷 3723-3733页

作者： S. Jayakumar Dr. A. Sumathi department of eie Adhiyamaan College of Engineering Hosur India department of ECE Adhiyamaan College of Engineering Hosur India

In this, today’s world immeasurable analysis goes within the field of communication and signal processing applications. The FIR filter is mostly employed in filtering applications to enhance the quality of the signal. In any processor, the performance of the system is based on the speed of the multiplier unit involved in its operation. Since multiplier forms the indispensable building blocks of the FIR filter system. Its performance has contributed in determining the execution of the FIR filter system. Also, due to the tremendous development in the technology, many approaches such as an array, Vedic methods are made to speed up the multiplier computations. The problem in speed-up operation and resource utilization of hardware with all the conventional methods due to the critical path found in partial products has to be optimized using proposed method. This paper presents the implementation and execution of a FIR Filter design using Anurupye multiplier. Here the FIR filter is examined by using various multiplier algorithms such as Anurupye, Urdhava Tiryagbhyam, and array multipliers. The FIR filter is simulated for analyzing delay;area and power are meted out and lessened by utilizing proposed Anurupye multiplier. The FIR filter design utilizing proposed multiplier offers delay around 18.99 and only 4% of LUT slice utilization compared to existing methods. This architecture is coded in VHDL, simulated using the ModelSim and synthesized with Xilinx.

关键词： Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter Urdhava Triyagbhyam Anurupye Vedic Multiplier Very High-Speed Hardware Description Language (VHDL)

Area and Speed Efficient Implementation of Symmetric FIR Digital Filter through Reduced Parallel LUT Decomposed DA Approach

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Circuits and Systems 2016年第8期7卷 1379-1391页

作者： S. C. Prasanna S. P. Joy Vasantha Rani department of eie Valliammai Engineering College Anna University Chennai India department of Electronics MIT Campus Anna University Chennai India

This brief proposes an area and speed efficient implementation of symmetric finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter using reduced parallel look-up table (LUT) distributed arithmetic (DA) based approach. The complexity lying in the realization of FIR filter is dominated by the multiplier structure. This complexity grows further with filter order, which results in increased area, power, and reduced speed of operation. The speed of operation is improved over multiply-accumulate approach using multiplier less conventional DA based design and decomposed DA based design. Both the structure requires B clock cycles to get the filter output for the input width of B, which limits the speed of DA structure. This limitation is addressed using parallel LUTs, called high speed DA FIR, at the expense of additional hardware cost. With large number of taps, the number of LUTs and its size also becomes large. In the proposed method, by exploiting coefficient symmetry property, the number of LUTs in the decomposed DA form is reduced by a factor of about 2. This proposed approach is applied in high speed DA based FIR design, to obtain area and speed efficient structure. The proposed design offers around 40% less area and 53.98% less slice-delay product (SDP) than the high throughput DA based structure when it’s implemented over Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA device-XC5VSX95T-1FF1136 for 16-tap symmetric FIR filter. The proposed design on the same FPGA device, supports up to 607 MHz input sampling frequency, and offers 60.5% more speed and 67.71% less SDP than the systolic DA based design.

关键词： Distributed Arithmetic Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Finite-Impulse Response (FIR) Filter High Speed Reduced Look-Up Table (LUT)

SMART COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING FOR FUTURE DEEP-SPACE EXPLORATION

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China Communications 2020年第7期17卷 I0001-I0004页

作者： Qinyu Zhang Zhili Sun Tomaso de Cola Kanglian Zhao the eie School the Institute for Communication Systems(ICS) Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Surrey the German Aerospace Center(DLR) the Satellite and Space Communications(SSC)technical committee within ComSoc the Space-Internetworking Services(SIS)within the CCSDS standardization body the SatCom working group within the ETP Networld2020 platform School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Institute of Space-Terrestrial Intelligent Networks Nanjing University

Since the first space probe flew to the Moon in 1959,over 200 deep-space exploration missions have already been carried out on the eight planets,various asteroids and comets in the solar system.Amount of deepspace sci... 详细信息

关键词： SPACE planet NETWORK

Essential infantile esotropia with inferior oblique hyperfunction：long term follow-up of 6 muscles approach

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第12期9卷 1802-1807页

作者： Adriano Magli Roberta Carelli Elisabetta Chiariello Vecchio Francesca Esposito Luca Rombetto Paolo Esposito Veneruso department of Pediatric Ophthalmology University of Salerno Baronissi (SA) 84081 Italy GI. MA Eye Center Naples 80122 Italy department of Ophthalmology University Federico IINaples 80131 Italy

AIM： To evaluate long term follow-up （10y） of 6 muscle surgical approach in essential infantile esotropia （eie）.METHODS： A 6 muscle approach to eie was retrospectively evaluated in patients with inferior oblique （IO） hyperfunction and lateral rectus （LR） pseudoparalysis, who underwent surgery at different ages. Different clinical characters were analyzed pre- and postoperatively, in patients who underwent a 6 muscles approach ≤4 years of age. All patients underwent a multiple muscles approach： bilateral medial recti （MR） recession （4-5 mm）, bilateral LR resection （lower than 7 mm） and bilateral IO recession and anteroposition. Of 108 children with preoperative angle ≥＋30 prism diopters （PD） and IO hyperfunction were selected from larger cohort of patients （n=213, 103 females and 110 males） after excluding patients with： angle variability, who underwent reoperation and with incomplete follow up. Preoperative assessment and complete orthoptic examination were performed. Follow-up was performed 3mo, 2, 5 and 10y after surgery. Statistical analysis was performes using SAS statistical software package （version 9.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA）.RESULTS： Ten years follow up data analysis showed the following percentage of orthotropic patients：（0 PD）： 3mo, 22.2%; 2y, 16.7%; 5y, 25.0% and 10y, 27.8%. A slight, significant （P〈0.01）, increase of 2y follow up residual deviation was found when compared to 3mo one. Stationary surgical results is reported during time, with a trend of mean residual deviation reduction （P=0.04）.CONCLUSION： Our results confirm the reliability of multiple muscles surgical approach in the treatment of patients affected by eie with OI hyperfunction.

关键词： essential infantile esotropia surgical treatment follow-up

Theoretical simulations of emission spectra of Fe^7＋ and Fe^＋8

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Chinese Physics B 2006年第7期15卷 1502-1510页

作者：曾交龙王雁桂赵刚袁建民 National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China department of Applied Physics National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China

The energy levels, oscillator strengths, spontaneous radiative decay rates, and electron impact collision strengths are calculated for Fe VIII and Fe IX using the recently developed flexible atomic code （FAC）. These atomic data are used to analyse the emission spectra of both laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. The nf-3d emission lines have been simulated for Fe VIII and Fe IX in a wavelength range of 6-14 nm. For Fe VIII, the predicted relative intensities of lines are insensitive to temperature. For Fe IX, however, the intensity ratios are very sensitive to temperature, implying that the information of temperature in the experiment can be inferred. Detailed line analyses have also been carried out in a wavelength range of 60-80 nm for Fe VIII, where the solar ultraviolet measurements of emitted radiation spectrometer records a large number of spectra. More lines can be identified with the aid of present atomic data. A complete dataset is available electronically from http：//***/eie/.

关键词： emission spectrum Fe Ⅷ and Fe IX electron impact excitation

Exergy Efficiency and Environmental Impact of Electricity of a 620 MW-Natural Gas Combined Cycle

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2018年第7期6卷 1-21页

作者： Muna Hamad Almansoori Zin Eddine Dadach Chemical & Petroleum Engineering department Abu Dhabi Men’s College Higher Colleges of Technology Abu Dhabi UAE

In the first part of this investigation, a Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) producing 620 MW of electricity was simulated using the commercial software Aspen Hysys V9.0 and the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) equation of state. The aim of this second part is to use exergy-based analyses in order to calculate its exergy efficiency and evaluate its environmental impact under standard conditions. For the exergy efficiency, the performance index under investigation is the exergy destruction ratio (yD). The results of the study show that the combustor is the main contributor to the total exergy destruction of the power plant (yD = 24.35%) and has the lowest exergy efficiency of 75.65%. On the other hand, the Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) has the lowest contribution to the exergy destruction (yD = 5.63%) of the power plant and the highest exergy efficiency of 94.37%. For the overall power plant, the exergy efficiency is equal to 53.28%. For the environmental impact of the power plant, the relative difference of exergy-related environmental impacts (rb) is utilized as the performance index for each equipment of the plant and the environmental impact of a kWh of electricity (eie) is used to represent the performance index of the overall power plant. In agreement with the exergy analysis, the results indicate that the combustor and the HRSG have respectively the highest (rb = 32.19%) and the lowest (rb = 5.96%) contribution to the environmental impact. The environmental impact of a kWh of electricity of the power plant is 34.26 mPts/kWh (exergy destruction only), and 34.42 mPts/kWh (both exergy destruction and exergy loss).

关键词： Exergy Analysis NGCC Power Plant Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Method Environmental Impact of Electricity

An effective method to calculate the electron impact excitation cross sections of helium from ground state to a final channel in the whole energy region

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第11期32卷 194-200页

作者：孙瑞曾德灵金锐韩小英高翔李家明 Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100088China Institute of Electron&Electronic Measurement Technology Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing TechnologyShanghai 201203China Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik Saupfercheckweg 169117 HeidelbergGerman department of Physics and Center for Atomic and Molecular Nanosciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The electron impact excitation(eie) cross sections of an atom/ion in the whole energy region are needed in many research fields, such as astrophysics studies, inertial confinement fusion researches and so on. In the present work, an effective method to calculate the eie cross sections of an atom/ion in the whole energy region is presented. We use the eie cross sections of helium as an illustration example. The optical forbidden 1^(1)S–n^(1)S(n = 2–4) and optical allowed 1^(1)S–n^(1)P(n = 2–4) excitation cross sections are calculated in the whole energy region using the scheme that combines the partial wave R-matrix method and the first Born approximation. The calculated cross sections are in good agreement with the available experimental measurements. Based on these accurate cross sections of our calculation, we find that the ratios between the accurate cross sections and Born cross sections are nearly the same for different excitation final states in the same channel. According to this interesting property, a universal correction function is proposed and given to calculate the accurate eie cross sections with the same computational efforts of the widely used Born cross sections,which should be very useful in the related application fields. The datasets presented in this paper are openly available at https://***/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00142.

关键词： the electron impact excitation cross sections correction function helium the partial wave R-matrix plus the first Born approximation method