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A New Method to Identify the Maximum Time Interval between Individual Events in Compound Rainstorm and Heatwave Events

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International Journal of disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 453-466页

作者： Junlin Zhang Wei Xu Yu Qiao Xinli Liao Chenna Meng Qinmei Han Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural disaster of Ministry of Education Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Academy of disaster Reduction and Emergency management Ministry of Emergency Management and Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration

Growing evidence indicates that extreme heat and rain may occur in succession within short time periods and cause greater impacts than individual events separated in time and space. Therefore, many studies have examined the impacts of compound hazard events on the social-ecological system at various scales. The definition of compound events is fundamental for such research. However, there are no existing studies that support the determination of time interval between individual events of a compound rainstorm and heatwave(CRH) event, which consists of two or more potentially qualifying component heatwave and rainstorm events. To address the deficiency in defining what individual events can constitute a CRH event, this study proposed a novel method to determine the maximum time interval for CRH events through the change in CRH event frequency with increasing time interval between individual events, using southern China as a case study. The results show that the threshold identified by the proposed method is reasonable. For more than 90% of the meteorological stations, the frequency of CRH events has reached a maximum when the time interval is less than or equal to the threshold. This study can aid in time interval selection, which is an important step for subsequent study of CRH events.

关键词： Compound extreme weather event Rainstorm and heatwave Southern China Threshold Time interval

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Participatory Risk Governance for Seoul, South Korea's Flood Risk management

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International Journal of disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 317-331页

作者： Bokjin Ro Gregg Garfin School of Geography Development and Environment The University of Arizona Interdisciplinary Program for disaster Crisis and Risk Management Sungkyunkwan University School of Natural Resources and the Environment The University of Arizona

Risk governance is a widely used framework in natural and societal risk management research. Risks from natural hazards in urban areas call for the establishment of rigorous and participatory urban risk governance. In this study, we examined participatory risk governance(PRG) of flood risk management(FRM) in Seoul, South Korea. We conducted key informant interviews and implemented a survey with citizens, to explore perceptions of flood risks and risk management, and to examine prospects for improving PRG in Seoul. We found a gap between the perceptions of key informants and *** informants believed that citizens' low awareness of flood risks hinders PRG. Yet our research found that citizens' risk awareness was not low, and risk awareness may not be the main barrier to participation in PRG. Instead, we found that citizens lacked knowledge of FRM actions, and they assigned government bodies a high level of responsibility for FRM,compared to the level of responsibility that citizens assigned to themselves. Moreover, the actors involved in FRM tended not to trust each other, which implies a lack of mutual understanding. To increase the eff ectiveness of PRG, we suggest a polycentric governance structure anchored by a leading actor group, and active promotion of the participation of actors at multiple levels of governance. Communication between government and citizen participants, designed to foster improved understanding and recognition of one another's roles and contributions to FRM, will enhance trust and improve the implementation of PRG in Seoul.

关键词： Citizen participation Flood risk management Participatory risk governance Risk awareness South Korea Urban flood risk

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Seismic performance evaluation of water supply pipes installed in a full-scale RC frame structure based on a shaking table test

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第1期23卷 163-178页

作者： Wu Houli Guo Endong Wang Jingyi Dai Xin Dai Chenxi Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Institute of Engineering MechanicsChina Earthquake AdministrationHarbin 150080China Key Laboratory of Earthquake disaster Mitigation Ministry of Emergency ManagementHarbin 150080China

As an important part of nonstructural components,the seismic response of indoor water supply pipes deserves much *** paper presents shaking table test research on water supply pipes installed in a full-scale reinforced concrete(RC)frame *** material pipes and different methods for penetrating the reinforced concrete floors are combined to evaluate the difference in seismic *** response spectra and pipe acceleration amplification factors based on test data are discussed and compared with code provisions.A seismic fragility study of displacement demand is conducted based on numerical *** acceleration response and displacement response of different combinations are *** results show that the combination of different pipe materials and different passing-through methods can cause obvious differences in the seismic response of indoor riser pipes.

关键词： water supply pipe different materials shaking table test amplification factor seismic fragility

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Effect of dynamic loading orientation on fracture properties of surrounding rocks in twin tunnels

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第2期16卷 393-409页

作者： Ze Deng Zheming Zhu Lei Zhou Leijun Ma Jianwei Huang Yao Zhang Key Laboratory of Deep Earth and Engineering(Ministry of Education) College of Architecture and EnvironmentSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China Failure Mechanics and Engineering disaster Prevention Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province College of Architecture and EnvironmentSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China Institute for disaster management and Reconstruction Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

For expedited transportation,vehicular tunnels are often designed as two adjacent tunnels,which frequently experience dynamic stress waves from various orientations during blasting *** analyze the impact of dynamic loading orientation on the stability of the twin-tunnel,a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)apparatus was used to conduct a dynamic test on the twin-tunnel *** two tunnels were rotated around the specimen’s center to consider the effect of dynamic loading ***-DYNA software was used for numerical simulation to reveal the failure properties and stress wave propagation law of the twin-tunnel *** findings indicate that,for a twin-tunnel exposed to a dynamic load from different orientations,the crack initiation position appears most often at the tunnel corner,tunnel spandrel,and tunnel *** the impact direction is created by a certain angle(30°,45°,60°,120°,135°,and 150°),the fractures are produced in the middle of the line between the left tunnel corner and the right tunnel *** the impact loading angle(a)is 90°,the tunnel sustains minimal damage,and only tensile fractures form in the surrounding *** orientation of the impact load could change the stress distribution in the twin-tunnel,and major fractures are more likely to form in areas where the tensile stress is concentrated.

关键词： Twin-tunnel Dynamic load Split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) Fracture mode Stress distribution Displacement field distribution

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Review of coastal land transformation:Factors,impacts,adaptation strategies,and future scopes

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第2期5卷 167-178页

作者： Md.Abubakkor Siddik Abu Reza Md.Towfiqul Islam Dr.Wazed Research and Training Institute Begum Rokeya UniversityRangpur 5404Bangladesh department of Emergency management Patuakhali Science and Technology UniversityPatuakhali-8602Bangladesh department of disaster management Begum Rokeya UniversityRangpur 5404Bangladesh department of Development Studies Daffodil International UniversityDhaka 1216Bangladesh

Coastal land transformation has been identified as a topic of research in many countries around the *** studies have been conducted to determine the causes and impacts of land ***,much less is understood about coupling change detection,factors,impacts,and adaptation strategies for coastal land transformation at a global *** review aims to present a systematic review of global coastal land transformation and its leading research *** 1,741 documents of Scopus and Web of Science,60 studies have been selected using the PRISMA-2020 *** revealed that existing literature included four leading focus areas regarding coastal land transformation:change detection,driving factors,impacts,and adaptation *** focus areas were further analyzed,and it was found that more than 80%of studies used Landsat imagery to detect land *** growth and urbanization were among the major driving factors *** review further identified that about 37%of studies included impact *** studies identified impacts on ecosystems,land surface temperature,migration,water quality,and occupational effects as significant ***,only four studies included adaptation *** review explored the scope of comprehensive research in coastal land transformation,addressing change detection,factor and impact analysis,and mitigation-adaptation *** research also proposes a conceptual framework for comprehensive coastal land transformation *** framework can provide potential decision-making guidance for future studies in coastal land transformation.

关键词： Coastal land transformation Land use and land cover Landsat Population PRISMA

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Fractal analysis of major faults and fractal dimension of lineaments in the Indo-Gangetic Plain on a regional scale

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Earthquake Science 2024年第2期37卷 107-121页

作者： Vipin Chauhan Jagabandhu Dixit disaster management Laboratory Shiv Nadar UniversityDelhi NCRGautam Buddha NagarUttar Pradesh 201314India

The Indo-Gangetic Plain(IGP)is one of the most seismically vulnerable areas due to its proximity to the *** information system(GIS)-based seismic characterization of the IGP was performed based on the degree of deformation and fractal *** zone between the Main Boundary Thrust(MBT)and the Main Central Thrust(MCT)in the Himalayan Mountain Range(HMR)experienced large variations in earthquake magnitude,which were identified by Number-Size(NS)fractal *** central IGP zone experienced only moderate to low mainshock *** analysis of earthquake epicenters reveals a large scattering of earthquake epicenters in the HMR and central IGP ***,the fault fractal analysis identifies the HMR,central IGP,and south-western IGP zones as having more ***,the seismicity of the study region is strong in the central IGP,south-western IGP,and HMR zones,moderate in the western and southern IGP,and low in the northern,eastern,and south-eastern IGP zones.

关键词： geospatial analysis fractal modeling seismicity pattern fractal dimension

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Comparative Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Building Exterior Surface at High and Low Altitudes

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 1119-1131页

作者： JIA Yonghong GUO Shurui LI Jin GUO Lei CHENG Zhu ZHANG Yin YANG Hanyu LONG Enshen Institute for disaster management and Reconstruction Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering College of Architecture and EnvironmentSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

The external surface heat transfer coefficient of building envelope is one of the important parameters necessary for building energy saving design,but the basic data in high-altitude area are ***,the authors propose a modified measurement method based on the heat balance of a model building,and use the same model building to measure its external surface heat transfer coefficient under outdoor conditions in Chengdu city,China at an altitude of 520 m and Daocheng city at an altitude of 3750 m *** results show that the total heat transfer coefficient(h_(t))of building surface in high-altitude area is reduced by 34.48%.The influence of outdoor wind speed on the convective heat transfer coefficient(h_(c))in high-altitude area is not as significant as that in low-altitude *** fitting relation between convection heat transfer coefficient and outdoor wind speed is also *** the same heating power,the average temperature rise of indoor and outdoor air at highaltitude is 41.9%higher than that at low altitude,and the average temperature rise of inner wall is 25.8%higher than that at low *** shows that high-altitude area can create a more comfortable indoor thermal environment than low-altitude area under the same energy consumption *** is not appropriate to use the heat transfer characteristics of the exterior surface of buildings in low-altitude area for building energy saving design and related heating equipment selection and system terminal matching design in high-altitude area.

关键词： altitude heat transfer characteristics convective heat transfer coefficient(h_(c)) radiative heat transfer coefficient(h_(r)) external building envelope

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A Systematic Analysis of Systems Approach and Flood Risk management Research:Trends,Gaps,and Opportunities

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International Journal of disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 45-57页

作者： Lum Sonita Awah Johanes Amate Belle Yong Sebastian Nyam Israel Ropo Orimoloye disaster management Training and Education Centre for Africa University of the Free StateBloemfontein 9300South Africa School of Environment Geographyand SustainabilityWestern Michigan UniversityKalamazooMI 49008USA

Flooding is a global threat,necessitating a comprehensive management *** to the complexity of managing flood hazards and risks,researchers have advocated for holistic,comprehensive,and integrated *** study,employing a systems thinking perspective,assessed global flood risk management research trends,gaps,and opportunities using132 published documents in BibTeX format.A systematic review of downloaded documents from the Scopus and Web of Science databases revealed slow progress of approximately 11.61% annual growth in applying systems thinking and its concomitant approaches to understanding global flood risk management over the past two decades compared to other fields like water resource management and business management systems.A significant gap exists in the application of systems thinking methodologies to flood risk management research between developed and developing countries,particularly in Africa,highlighting the urgency of reoriented research and policy *** application gaps of the study methodology are linked to challenges outlined in existing literature,such as issues related to technical expertise and resource *** study advocates a shift from linear to holistic approaches in flood risk management,aligned with the Sendai Framework for disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2023 and the Sustainable Development *** among researchers,institutions,and countries is essential to address this global challenge effectively.

关键词： Flood risk management research Gaps and opportunities Global trends in flood research Systematic review.Systems thinking

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Seismic Risk Model for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region, China:Considering Epistemic Uncertainty from the Seismic Hazard Models

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International Journal of disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 434-452页

作者： Jian Ma Katsuichiro Goda Kai Liu Silva Vitor Anirudh Rao Ming Wang Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Institute of Engineering MechanicsChina Earthquake Administration Key Laboratory of Earthquake disaster Mitigation Ministry of Emergency Management School of National Safety and Emergency management Beijing Normal University Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Urban disasters Digital Twin department of Earth Sciences Western University Global Earthquake Model Foundation

This study presents a probabilistic seismic risk model for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region in China. The model comprises a township-level residential building exposure model, a vulnerability model derived from the Chinese building taxonomy,and a regional probabilistic seismic hazard model. The three components are integrated by a stochastic event-based method of the OpenQuake engine to assess the regional seismic risk in terms of average annual loss and exceedance probability curve at the city, province, and regional levels. The novelty and uniqueness of this study are that a probabilistic seismic risk model for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region in China is developed by considering the impact of site conditions and epistemic uncertainty from the seismic hazard model.

关键词： Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region Epistemic uncertainty Seismic risk assessment Seismic risk model

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Projections of summer light rain frequency in typical terrain over eastern China under wind speed constraint

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1885-1894页

作者： Xuechen DONG Daoyi GONG Cuicui SHI Institute of disaster Risk Science Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural disaster MOEFaculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of National Safety and Emergency management Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Systems Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The variation in near-surface wind speed is a key dynamic parameter in the orographic effect of precipitation over eastern *** this study,we used the latest high-resolution outputs from six GCMs in CMIP6-HighResMIP to evaluate the performance of high-resolution models in simulating the orographic precipitation characteristics of typical mountainous areas in summer over eastern *** orographic precipitation under warming scenarios was projected and constrained according to observational *** results indicated that during the contemporary climate reference period(1979-2009),although the relationship between model-simulated near-surface wind speed and orographic light rain frequency was consistently stable,the sensitivity of the orographic light rain frequency to surface wind variability was generally underestimated,with a deviation approximately 24.1% lower than the observational *** estimated orographic light rain frequency corrected based on the observed near-surface wind speed under a 1.5℃ warming scenario,was 36.1% lower than that of the contemporary period;this reduction was 8.6 times that without the wind speed constraint(4.2%).The MRI-AGCM3-2-S model,with a longer dataset,demonstrated relatively stable reductions in orographic light rain frequency under different warming scenarios(1.5℃,2℃,3℃,and 4℃)after the application of wind speed *** all cases,the reductions exceeded those for the predictions made without the wind speed constraint.

关键词： Frequency of orographic light rain HighResMIP High-resolution projection Observational constraint Eastern China

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