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Machine learning applications in healthcare clinical practice and research

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第1期13卷 16-21页

作者： Nikolaos-Achilleas Arkoudis Stavros P Papadakos Research Unit of radiology and Medical imaging School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11528Greece 2^(nd)department of radiology “Attikon”General University HospitalMedical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensChaidari 12462Greece department of Gastroenterology Laiko General HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece

Machine learning(ML)is a type of artificial intelligence that assists computers in the acquisition of knowledge through data analysis,thus creating machines that can complete tasks otherwise requiring human *** its various applications,it has proven groundbreaking in healthcare as well,both in clinical practice and *** this editorial,we succinctly introduce ML applications and present a study,featured in the latest issue of the World Journal of Clinical *** authors of this study conducted an analysis using both multiple linear regression(MLR)and ML methods to investigate the significant factors that may impact the estimated glomerular filtration rate in healthy women with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Their results implicated age as the most important determining factor in both groups,followed by lactic dehydrogenase,uric acid,forced expiratory volume in one second,and *** addition,for the NAFLD-group,the 5th and 6th most important impact factors were thyroid-stimulating hormone and systolic blood pressure,as compared to plasma calcium and body fat for the NAFLD+***,the study's distinctive contribution lies in its adoption of ML methodologies,showcasing their superiority over traditional statistical approaches(herein MLR),thereby highlighting the potential of ML to represent an invaluable advanced adjunct tool in clinical practice and research.

关键词： Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence Clinical Practice Research Glomerular filtration rate Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Medicine

In Vivo Study on Degradation Behavior and Histologic Response of Pure Magnesium in Muscles

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2017年第5期33卷 469-474页

作者： Shanshan Chen Lili Tan Bingchun Zhang Yonghui Xia Ke Xu Ke Yang Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences department of radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional RadiologyLiaoning Province

When an orthopedics device is implanted into bone injury site, it will contact the soft tissue （skeletal muscle, fascia, ligament etc.） except for bone. Magnesium based biodegradable metals are becoming an important research object in orthopedics due to their bioactivity to promote bone healing. In this study, pure Mg rods with and without chemical conversion coating were implanted into the muscle tissue of rabbits. Implants and their surrounding tissues were taken out for weight loss measurement, cross- sectional scanning electron microscopy observation, elemental distribution analysis and histological examination. The results showed that the chemical conversion coating would increase the in vivo cor- rosion resistance of pure Mg and decrease the accumulation of calcium （Ca） and phosphorus （P） elements around the implants. For the bare magnesium implant, both Ca and P contents in the surrounding tissues increased at the initial stage of implantation and then decreased at 12 weeks implantation, while for the magnesium with chemical conversion coating, Ca and P contents in the surrounding tissues de- creased with the implantation time, but were not significant. The histological results demonstrated that there was no calcification in the muscle tissue with implantation of magnesium for up to 12 weeks. The chemical conversion coating not only increased the in vivo corrosion resistance of pure Mg, but also avoided the depositions of Ca and P in the surrounding tissues, meaning that pure magnesium should be biosafe when contacting with muscle tissues,

关键词： Pure magnesium Degradation behavior Histologic response Muscle tissue

Ultrasonographic and computed tomographic findings in Madelung disease in two Chinese patients

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Chinese Medical Journal 1998年第10期000卷 95-96页

作者： Kew J Ahuja AT Metreweli C department of diagnostic radiology and organ imaging Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

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Ｍａｄｅｌｕｎｇ１ｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄ３３ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓｗｉｔｈｃｅｒｖｉｃａｌｌｉｐｏｍａｔｏｓｉｓａｎｄＬａｕｎｏｉｓａｎｄＢｅｎｓａｕｄｅ２ａｓｔｈｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅｏｆｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｉｃａｌｕｎｅｎｃａｐｓｕｌａｔｅｄｆａｔａ...

关键词： tomographic computed Chinese Madelung

Doppler ultrasonography in living donor liver transplantation recipients: Intra- and post-operative vascular complications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第27期22卷 6145-6172页

作者： Omar Abdelaziz Hussein Attia department of diagnostic and Interventional radiology Cairo University Hospitals department of diagnostic and Interventional radiology National Cancer Institute Cairo University

Living-donor liver transplantation has provided a solution to the severe lack of cadaver grafts for the replacement of liver afflicted with end-stage cirrhosis, fulminant disease, or inborn errors of metabolism. Vascular complications remain the most serious complications and a common cause for graft failure after hepatic transplantation. Doppler ultrasound remains the primary radiological imaging modality for the diagnosis of such complications. This article presents a brief review of intra- and post-operative living donor liver transplantation anatomy and a synopsis of the role of ultrasonography and color Doppler in evaluating the graft vascular haemodynamics both during surgery and post-operatively in accurately defining the early vascular complications. Intra-operative ultrasonography of the liver graft provides the surgeon with useful real-time diagnostic and staging information that may result in an alteration in the planned surgical approach and corrections of surgical complications during the procedure of vascular anastomoses. The relevant intraoperative anatomy and the spectrum of normal and abnormal findings are described. Ultrasonography and color Doppler also provides the clinicians and surgeons early post-operative potential developmental complications that may occur during hospital stay. Early detection and thus early problem solving can make the difference between graft survival and failure.

关键词： Doppler Ultrasound Living donor Liver transplantation Intraoperative Postoperative Vascular Complications

Abdominal and gastrointestinal manifestations in COVID-19 patients: Is imaging useful?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第26期27卷 4143-4159页

作者： Piero Boraschi Luigi Giugliano Giuseppe Mercogliano Francescamaria Donati Stefania Romano Emanuele Neri department of diagnostic imaging Second Division of RadiologyAzienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana-University of PisaPisa 56124Italy department of radiology University of Naples“Federico II”Naples 80131Italy department of diagnostic imaging Santa Maria delle Grazie HospitalNaples 80078Italy diagnostic and Interventional radiology Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical TechnologiesUniversity of PisaPisa 56126Italy

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)can be considered a systemic disease with a specific tropism for the vascular system,in which the alterations of the microcirculation have an important pathogenetic *** lungs are the main organ involved in COVID-19,and severe progressive respiratory failure is the leading cause of death in the affected patients;however,many other organs can be involved with variable clinical *** abdominal manifestations,the gastrointestinal tract and the hepatobiliary system are mainly affected,although the pancreas,urinary tract and spleen may also be *** most common gastrointestinal symptoms are loss of appetite,followed by nausea and vomiting,diarrhea and abdominal *** imaging findings include bowel wall thickening,sometimes associated with hyperemia and mesenteric thickening,fluid-filled segments of the large bowel and rarely intestinal pneumatosis and *** involvement manifests as an increase in the enzymatic levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,serum bilirubin andγ-glutamyl transferase with clinical manifestations in most cases mild and *** most frequent radiological features are hepatic steatosis,biliary sludge and *** acute pancreatitis,kidney infarct and acute kidney injury from acute tubular necrosis have been described more rarely in ***,splenic involvement is characterized by splenomegaly and by the development of solitary or multifocal splenic infarcts with classic wedge shaped or even rounded morphology,with irregular or smooth *** summary,the abdominal radiological findings of COVID-19 are nonspecific and with poor pathological correlation reported in the *** and particularly computed tomography with multiphasic acquisition are the diagnostic methods mainly utilized in COVID-19 patients with abdominal clinical symptoms and *** radiological signs are not specific of abdom

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Abdominal findings Gastrointestinal findings Computed tomography Ultrasound

Low-dose computed tomography with 4th-generation iterative reconstruction algorithm in assessment of oncologic patients

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第10期9卷 423-430页

作者： Davide Ippolito Alessandra Silvia Casiraghi Cammillo Talei Franzesi Davide Fior Franca Meloni Sandro Sironi department of diagnostic radiology 'San Gerardo' Hospital School of Medicine University of Milano-Bicocca department of diagnostic radiology 'Papa Giovanni XXIII' Hospital

AIM To compare radiation dose and image quality of lowdose computed tomography(CT) protocol combined with hybrid-iterative reconstruction algorithm with standarddose CT examinations for follow-up of oncologic patients. METHODS Fifty-one patients with known malignant diseases which underwent, during clinical follow-up, both standarddose and low-dose whole-body CT scans were enrolled. Low-dose CT was performed on 256-row scanner, with 120 kV and automated m A modulation, and iterative reconstruction algorithm. Standard-dose CT was performed on 16-rows scanner, with 120 kV, 200-400 m As(depending on patient weight). We evaluated density values and signal-to-noise ratio, along with image noise(SD), sharpness and diagnostic quality with 4-point *** Density values in liver, spleen and aorta were higher in lowdose images(liver 112.55 HU vs 103.90 HU, P diagnostic *** Automatic tube-current modulation combined with hybriditerative algorithm allows radiation dose reduction of 28.9% without loss of diagnostic quality, being useful in reducing dose exposure in oncologic patients.

关键词： Computed tomography Low-dose computed tomography Tube current modulation Oncologic imaging Radiation dose

Primary parenchymal squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第4期13卷 34-40页

作者： Zhi-Hui Zheng Bo Shao Chao-Min Xu Ke Wang Jia-Zhu Wen Li-Kang Luo Jia-Cheng Guan department of Ultrasound The Second People’s Hospital of QuzhouQuzhou 324000Zhejiang ProvinceChina department of radiology Shulan(Quzhou)HospitalQuzhou 324000Zhejiang ProvinceChina department of radiology The Second People’s Hospital of QuzhouQuzhou 324000Zhejiang ProvinceChina department of Pathology The Second people’s Hospital of QuzhouQuzhou 324000Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Primary squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)of the renal parenchyma is extremely rare,with only nine cases *** SUMMARY This study reports a 51-year-old man with primary SCC of the renal *** patient was admitted with recurrent dull pain and discomfort in the right lumbar region,which had worsened over 2 weeks,accompanied by painful gross *** antigen(SCCA)levels were elevated,and imaging revealed a renal mass with associated *** patient underwent laparoscopic unilateral nephrectomy and lymph node *** pathology confirmed highly differentiated SCC with necrosis in the right renal parenchyma,with negative renal pelvis and *** pathological stage was *** months after surgery,the tumor recurred with involvement of the liver,right psoas major muscle,and inferior vena *** patient refused chemotherapy and succumbed to the disease 6 months postoperatively due to disease *** We report a case of primary SCC of the renal parenchyma,a rare renal *** clinical symptoms,laboratory tests,and imaging findings are nonspecific,making accurate and timely diagnosis *** to the literature,for patients with renal calculi accompanied by a renal mass,elevated serum SCCA levels,and magnetic resonance imaging showing cystic or cystic-solid masses within the kidney with pseudocapsules and heterogeneous mild enhancement,the possibility of this disease should be considered.

关键词： Renal tumor Renal parenchyma Squamous cell carcinoma Renal calculi Computed tomography Case report

Ansa pancreatica as a predisposing factor for recurrent acute pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第40期22卷 8940-8948页

作者： Takana Yamakawa Hayashi Wataru Gonoi Takeharu Yoshikawa Naoto Hayashi Kuni Ohtomo department of radiology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo department of Computational diagnostic radiology and Preventive Medicine The University of Tokyo

AIM To determine the non-biased prevalence and clinical significance of ansa pancreatica in patients with acute pancreatitis using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).METHODS Our institutional review board approved this crosssectional study, which consisted of a community-based cohort of 587 consecutive participants in a whole-body health-check program, and 73 subjects with episode of acute pancreatitis(55 patients with a single episode of acute pancreatitis, and 18 patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis). All of the subjects underwent abdominal MRI including magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, medical examinations, and blood tests. Two board-certified, diagnostic, abdominal radiologists evaluated the images, and ansa pancreatica was diagnosed based on its characteristic anatomy on *** Compared with the community group [5/587(0.85%)], patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis had a significantly higher frequency of ansa pancreatica [2/18(11.1%)](P = 0.016; OR = 14.3; 95%CI: 1.27-96.1), but not compared with patients with single-episode acute pancreatitis [1/55(1.8%)](P = 0.42; OR = 2.1; 95%CI: 0.44-19.7). Multiple logistic regression analysis using age, alcohol intake, presence of ansa pancreatica, and presence of autoimmune disease as independent covariates, revealed a significant relationship between the presence of ansa pancreatica and recurrent acute pancreatitis. The presence of autoimmune disease was also significantly associated with the onset of recurrent acute pancreatitis. On the other hand, neither age nor alcohol intake were significantly related to the onset of recurrent acute *** The present study is the first to provide robust evidence that the presence of ansa pancreatica is significantly associated with recurrent acute pancreatitis.

关键词： Anatomy Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis Magnetic resonance imaging Pancreatic duct

Successful balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for bleeding duodenal varices using cyanoacrylate

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第6期19卷 951-954页

作者： Rintaro Hashimoto Keitaro Sofue Yoshito Takeuchi Kentaro Shibamoto Yasuaki Arai department of diagnostic radiology National Cancer Center Central Hospital

A 76-year-old woman with hepatitis C cirrhosis presented with tarry stools and *** endoscopy demonstrated bleeding duodenal varices in the second portion of the ***-enhanced computed tomography revealed markedly tortuous varices around the wall in the *** afferent veins appeared to have developed,and the right ovarian vein draining into the inferior vena cava was detected as an efferent ***-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) of the varices using cyanoacrylate was successfully performed in combination with the temporary occlusion of the portal *** no previous publications have used cyanoacrylate as an embolic agent for BRTO to control bleeding duodenal varices,this strategy can be considered as an alternative procedure to conventional BRTO using ethanolamine oleate when numerous afferent vessels that cannot be embolized are present.

关键词： Bleeding duodenal varices Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration Cyanoacrylate Combination therapy Temporary portal vein occlusion