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The trajectory of rice from wild to domesticated:A new chapter in the study of origins of agriculture

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第9期67卷 3011-3012页

作者： Zhijun ZHAO Institute of cultural Heritage Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

Rice(Oryza sativa)is one of the most important food crops in the world today,feeding more than one-third of the global *** domestication of rice has always been an international research topic(Gross and Zhao,2014).When,where,and how rice was cultivated and eventually domesticated has been a hot issue in many research fields such as archaeology,biology,and agronomy(Fuller et al.,2009).

关键词： sativa Oryza crops

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Phanerozoic co-evolution of O2-CO2 and ocean habitability

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National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 18-21页

作者： Zunli Lu Rosalind E.M.Rickaby Jonathan L.Payne Ashley N.Prow department of Earth & Environmental sciences Syracuse University department of Earth sciences University of Oxford department of Earth and Planetary sciences Stanford University

Atmospheric carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations are partially linked via the geological cycle of organic carbon （Fig. 1A–C; e.g. CO2+H2O■CH2O+O2）. The history of these two biologically active components, controls on their concentrations, and implications for the complexity of the biosphere and habitability of Earth have been hotly debated, but are generally considered independently.

关键词： CO2-CONCENTRATING MECHANISM OXYGEN EVOLUTION ANOXIA

Enhanced Solar Water Desalination by CuCo_(2)S_(4)-decorated Carbon Foam Derived from Waste Plastics

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2024年第3期40卷 548-555页

作者： Muzammil HUSSAIN Tofik Ahmed SHIFA Pratik V.SHINDE Pankaj KUMAR Stefano CENTENARO Silvia GROSS Elisa MORETTI Alberto VOMIERO department of Molecular sciences and Nanosystems Ca'Foscari University of VeniceVia Torino 15530172 VeniceItaly department of Industrial Engineering University of PadovaVia Venezia 135131 PadovaItaly department of Chemical sciences University of PadovaVia Francesco Marzolo135131 PadovaItaly Division of Materials Science Department of Engineering Sciences and MathematicsLulea University of Technology97187 LuleaSweden Center for cultural Heritage Technologies(CCHT) Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia(IT)Via Torino 15530170 Venezia-MestreItaly

Interfacial solar desalination is an emerging technology for freshwater production,but the finding of novel solar evaporators is still *** the present research,graphitic carbon foam(CF)was synthesized from the upcycling of waste plastic polyethylene terephthalate(PET)waste bottles functionalized with carrollite CuCo_(2)S_(4) as a photothermal *** characterization[X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS)]confirms the functionalization of carrollite CuCo_(2)S_(4) on graphitic carbon *** UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis showed an enhanced optical absorption in the UV-Vis-near IR region(>96%)for functionalized CuCo_(2)S_(4)-CF foam compared to carbon foam(67%).The interfacial solar desalination experiment presented a significantly enhanced evaporation rate of 2.4 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1) for CuCo_(2)S_(4)-CF compared to that of CF(1.60 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1))and that of CuCo_(2)S_(4)(1.60 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1)).The obtained results proved that the newly synthesized CuCo_(2)S_(4)-CF from the upcycled plastic into new material for the photothermal desalination process can enhance the practice of a circular economy to produce fresh water.

关键词： Photothermal desalination Cobalt Copper Chalcogenide Waste upcycling Circular economy

The earliest evidence for a microblade adaptation in the remote,high altitude regions of the Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1561-1573页

作者： Yingshuai JIN Xiaoling ZHANG Shejiang WANG Junyi GE Wei HE Wa DA Yunyao TAN Ziyi YANG Christopher MORGAN Xing GAO Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China University of the Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China cultural Relics Conservation Institute of the Xizang Autonomous Region Lhasa 850000China Nagqu Culture and Tourism Bureau Nagqu 852000China University of Nevada Reno 89557USA

Microblade assemblages are among the most common prehistoric archaeological materials found on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)and are thought to indicate large scale migration to and settlement of the *** microblade sites,however,have been systematically excavated,especially in the remotest,highest-elevation regions of the *** timing of the large-scale arrival,spread,and permanent settlement of people on the TP therefore remains *** this paper,we report on a recently excavated site,Locality 3 of the Nwya Devu Site(ND3),located at 4600 meters above sea level(masl),near the shore of Ngoin Lake,on the interior *** analyses reveal a fairly typical microblade technological orientation and two types of microblade cores:wedge-shaped and semi-conical,which are similar to those found throughout North *** Optically Stimulated Luminescence(OSL)dating and AMS^(14)C dating,the age of ND3 ranges from 11 to 10 *** date range indicates ND3 is the oldest microblade site yet recorded in the remote,high-elevation regions of the TP and thus provides important information about when and how hunter-gatherers using microblades began exploiting the higher altitudes of the *** together,studies at ND3 and throughout the TP suggest that a microblade adaptation is associated with the first prolonged human occupation of the plateau and that microblades played a significant role in mediating the risks and facilitating the mobility necessary to permanently inhabit the TP.

关键词： The interior of Tibetan Plateau Nwya Devu locality 3 Microblade Early Holocene High altitude adaption

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Global weirding at mass extinction horizons

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 10-12页

作者： Gregory J.Retallack department of Earth sciences University of Oregon

A strong motivation for studying mass extinctions is understanding how current climatic and biodiversity crises will affect creatures living on land such as ourselves. Perhaps the question is: how bad can it get? In that case, terrestrial Permian-Triassic mass extinctions are an irresistible worst-case scenario [1].

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Comprehensive review on ethnomedicinal, phytochemistry and pharmacological profile of Ficus Religiosa L.

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第5期44卷 1052-1057页

作者： Rahul Rawat Harish Kumar Neetu Singh Aakash Deep Balasubramanian Narasimhan Surender Singh Yadav Sanjiv Kumar department of Pharmaceutical sciences Chaudhary Bansi Lal University department of Botany Maharshi Dayanand University Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences Maharshi Dayanand University

Ficus religiosa L.(F. religiosa) or sacred fig is a large perennial tree belonging to the family Moraceae or mulberry family. Though the tree has pan-tropical distribution but originally it is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and Indochina region. Popularly the tree is named "Pepal or bodhi tree". Traditionally, it is practiced for the treatment of asthma, nose bleeding, heart disorders, diabetes, wound healing, ear problems, constipation, hyperlipidemia, gonorrhea, ulcers and infectious disorders. Chemical analysis demonstrated the presence of numerous bioactives including tannins, phenols, saponins, sugars, alkaloids, methionine, terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, proteins, separated amino acids, essential and volatile oils and steroids etc., which are probably responsible for its diverse pharmacological actions. The present work is an attempt to compile up-to-date comprehensive information on F. religiosa that covers its taxonomy, ethnomedicinal importance, phytochemistry, pharmacological attributes and clinical trials. Keeping in mind the various health attributes of F. religiosa, future research can be aimed at in-depth elucidation of the structure-function relationship and multifactorial signalings pathways.

关键词： Ficus religiosa clinical trials ethnomedicine health benefits pharmacology phytoconstituents

Analysis of ancient mass extinction recoveries in marine environments: generating strategies for managing outcomes of the current mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 8-10页

作者： David J.Bottjer department of Earth sciences University of Southern California

The defining feature of a mass extinction and its associated recovery is the global amount of extinction that occurred[1]. However, there is finer-scale detail to the story, as seen in the ongoing modern mass extinction(the sixth mass extinction), which exhibits variable effects among marine ecosystems and environments, and hence geographic areas [1].

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Late Ordovician Mass Extinction: Earth, fire and ice

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 51-65页

作者： David A.T.Harper Palaeoecosystems Group Department of Earth SciencesDurham University

The Late Ordovician Mass Extinction was the earliest of the ‘big’ five extinction events and the earliest to affect the trajectory of metazoan life. Two phases have been identified near the start of the Hirnantian period and in the middle. It was a massive taxonomic extinction, a weak phylogenetic extinction and a relatively benign ecological extinction. A rapid cooling, triggering a major ice age that reduced the temperature of surface waters, prompted a drop in sea level of some 100 m and introduced toxic bottom waters onto the shelves. These symptoms of more fundamental planetary processes have been associated with a range of factors with an underlying driver identified as volcanicity. Volcanic eruptions, and other products, may have extended back in time to at least the Sandbian and early Katian, suggesting the extinctions were more protracted and influential than hitherto documented.

关键词： Ordovician LOME paleoecology palaeobiogeography biotas

New findings on the influence of El Nino events on tropical cyclone formation

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第3期67卷 892-893页

作者： Liguang WU department of Atmospheric and Oceanic sciences Institute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Tropical cyclones typically form over warm tropical and subtropical ocean surfaces, as their formation and intensification rely primarily on the energy provided by the ocean. Pioneering research by Gray (1968) revealed that the formation of tropical cyclones requires the sea surface temperature (SST) to be no less than 26.5℃. Consequently, SST is commonly recognized as a crucial parameter among the environmental factors influencing tropical cyclone formation(Gray, 1979;Emanuel and Nolan, 2004).

关键词： tropical cyclone ocean

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