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Assessment of phytochemicals, antioxidant, anti-hemolytic, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer potential of flowers, leaves and stem extracts of Rosa arvensis

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第4期44卷 804-812页

作者： Zubaria Tul Ain Iram Fatima Sana Naseer Sobia Kanwal Tariq Mahmood department of Plant sciences Quaid-i-Azam University department of Biology Allama Iqbal Open University department of Plant sciences Faculty of Biological SciencesQuaid-i-Azam University Pakistan Academy of sciences

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate phytochemicals and in vitro biological potential of flowers, leaves and stem extracts of Rosa arvensis. METHODS: Presence of twenty secondary metabolites was confirmed and then phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified spectrophotometrically. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy was conducted to ascertain functional groups and antioxidant potential was examined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity and total reducing power *** erythrocytes were used to assess anti-hemolytic activity and five bacterial strains were examined to determine antibacterial potential of plant extracts. Radish seeds were used to perform phytotoxic activity and cytotoxic potential was evaluated via brine shrimps and PC3 cell lines. RESULTS: Highest phenolic contents were detected in the methanolic extract of Rosa arvensis flower（RAFM） [（151.635 ± 0.005） gallic acid equivalent mg/g] and highest flavonoid contents in the chloroform leaf extract（RALC） [（108.228 ± 0.004） quercetin equivalent mg/g]. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of wide range of functional groups. The antioxidant assays indicated highest DPPH scavenging activity [IC50（23.5 ± 0.6） μg/mL] in the methanolic stem extract（RASM）, highest total antioxidant capacity [（265.1 ± 0.9） μg/mL] in RAFM and highest reducing potential [（209.9 ± 0.6） μg/mL] in leaf extract（RALM）. Highest antihemolytic activity [（90.0 ± 0.5） μg/mL] was recorded in RAFM and brine shrimp cytotoxicity potential [（52.3 ± 0.3） μg/mL] in RASM. The antimicrobial activity was detected highest [（21.1 ± 0.5） mm inhibition zones] in RALM against Streptococcus aureus. In the end, antiinflammatory and anti-cancer activity results depicted less than 50 % inhibition in the methanolic extracts. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings will be helpful in designing pharmaceutical regimens and therefore, more studies can be recommended to isolate and characterize compounds as

关键词： PC-3 cells anti-inflammatory agents hemolysis oxidative stress spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared

The earliest evidence for a microblade adaptation in the remote,high altitude regions of the Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1561-1573页

作者： Yingshuai JIN Xiaoling ZHANG Shejiang WANG Junyi GE Wei HE Wa DA Yunyao TAN Ziyi YANG Christopher MORGAN Xing GAO Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China University of the Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China cultural Relics Conservation Institute of the Xizang Autonomous Region Lhasa 850000China Nagqu Culture and Tourism Bureau Nagqu 852000China University of Nevada Reno 89557USA

Microblade assemblages are among the most common prehistoric archaeological materials found on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)and are thought to indicate large scale migration to and settlement of the *** microblade sites,however,have been systematically excavated,especially in the remotest,highest-elevation regions of the *** timing of the large-scale arrival,spread,and permanent settlement of people on the TP therefore remains *** this paper,we report on a recently excavated site,Locality 3 of the Nwya Devu Site(ND3),located at 4600 meters above sea level(masl),near the shore of Ngoin Lake,on the interior *** analyses reveal a fairly typical microblade technological orientation and two types of microblade cores:wedge-shaped and semi-conical,which are similar to those found throughout North *** Optically Stimulated Luminescence(OSL)dating and AMS^(14)C dating,the age of ND3 ranges from 11 to 10 *** date range indicates ND3 is the oldest microblade site yet recorded in the remote,high-elevation regions of the TP and thus provides important information about when and how hunter-gatherers using microblades began exploiting the higher altitudes of the *** together,studies at ND3 and throughout the TP suggest that a microblade adaptation is associated with the first prolonged human occupation of the plateau and that microblades played a significant role in mediating the risks and facilitating the mobility necessary to permanently inhabit the TP.

关键词： The interior of Tibetan Plateau Nwya Devu locality 3 Microblade Early Holocene High altitude adaption

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Enhanced Solar Water Desalination by CuCo_(2)S_(4)-decorated Carbon Foam Derived from Waste Plastics

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2024年第3期40卷 548-555页

作者： Muzammil HUSSAIN Tofik Ahmed SHIFA Pratik V.SHINDE Pankaj KUMAR Stefano CENTENARO Silvia GROSS Elisa MORETTI Alberto VOMIERO department of Molecular sciences and Nanosystems Ca'Foscari University of VeniceVia Torino 15530172 VeniceItaly department of Industrial Engineering University of PadovaVia Venezia 135131 PadovaItaly department of Chemical sciences University of PadovaVia Francesco Marzolo135131 PadovaItaly Division of Materials Science Department of Engineering Sciences and MathematicsLulea University of Technology97187 LuleaSweden Center for cultural Heritage Technologies(CCHT) Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia(IT)Via Torino 15530170 Venezia-MestreItaly

Interfacial solar desalination is an emerging technology for freshwater production,but the finding of novel solar evaporators is still *** the present research,graphitic carbon foam(CF)was synthesized from the upcycling of waste plastic polyethylene terephthalate(PET)waste bottles functionalized with carrollite CuCo_(2)S_(4) as a photothermal *** characterization[X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS)]confirms the functionalization of carrollite CuCo_(2)S_(4) on graphitic carbon *** UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis showed an enhanced optical absorption in the UV-Vis-near IR region(>96%)for functionalized CuCo_(2)S_(4)-CF foam compared to carbon foam(67%).The interfacial solar desalination experiment presented a significantly enhanced evaporation rate of 2.4 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1) for CuCo_(2)S_(4)-CF compared to that of CF(1.60 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1))and that of CuCo_(2)S_(4)(1.60 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1)).The obtained results proved that the newly synthesized CuCo_(2)S_(4)-CF from the upcycled plastic into new material for the photothermal desalination process can enhance the practice of a circular economy to produce fresh water.

关键词： Photothermal desalination Cobalt Copper Chalcogenide Waste upcycling Circular economy

Global weirding at mass extinction horizons

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 10-12页

作者： Gregory J.Retallack department of Earth sciences University of Oregon

A strong motivation for studying mass extinctions is understanding how current climatic and biodiversity crises will affect creatures living on land such as ourselves. Perhaps the question is: how bad can it get? In that case, terrestrial Permian-Triassic mass extinctions are an irresistible worst-case scenario [1].

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Lufengpithecus inner ear provides evidence of a common locomotor repertoire ancestral to human bipedalism

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 122-129页

作者： Yinan Zhang Xijun Ni Qiang Li Thomas Stidham Dan Lu Feng Gao Chi Zhang Terry Harrison Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Yunnan Institute of cultural Relics and Archeology Kunming 650118China Center for the Study of Human Origins Department of AnthropologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNY 10003USA

Various lines of evidence have been used to infer the origin of human bipedalism,but the paucity of hominoid postcranial fossils and the diversity of inferred locomotor modes have tended to confound the reconstruction of ancestral *** of the bony labyrinth morphology of the inner ear of extinct and living hominoids provides independent evidence for inferring the evolution of hominoid locomotor *** computed tomography data and morphometric analyses of the Late Miocene ape Lufengpithecus indicate that it and other stem great apes possess labyrinths similar to one another and show that hominoids initially evolved from a positional repertoire that included orthogrady,below-branch forelimb suspension and progression,above-branch bipedalism,climbing,clambering,and leaping(hylobatid-like)to one that comprised above-branch quadrupedalism,below-branch forelimb suspension,vertical climbing,limited leaping,terrestrial quadrupedal running and walking,possibly with knuckle walking,and short bouts of bipedalism(chimpanzee-like).The bony labyrinth morphology of Lufengpithecus indicates that it probably conforms more closely to the last common ancestors of crown hominoids and hominids in its locomotor behavior than do other Miocene *** bipedalism evolved from this common archetypal Lufengpithecus-like locomotor *** low evolutionary rate of semicircular canal morphology suggests that Lufengpithecus experienced a relative stasis in locomotor behavior,probably due to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau,which created a stable environment in the Miocene of southwestern China.

关键词： China probably uplift

Existence and asymptotics of normalized solutions for the logarithmic Schr?dinger system

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第9期67卷 2019-2048页

作者： Qian Zhang Wenming Zou department of Mathematical sciences Tsinghua University

This paper is concerned with the following logarithmic Schr?dinger system:■where Ω=RNor Ω?RN（N≥3） is a bounded smooth domain,and ωi∈R,μi,ρi> 0 for i=1,***,p,q≥1,and 2≤p+q≤2*,where 2*:=2N/N-2. By using a Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality and a careful estimation of u log u2,firstly,we provide a unified proof of the existence of the normalized ground state solution for all 2≤p+q ≤2*.Secondly,we consider the stability of normalized ground state ***,we analyze the behavior of solutions for the Sobolev-subcritical case and pass to the limit as the exponent p+q approaches 2*.Notably,the uncertainty of the sign of u log u2in（0,+∞） is one of the difficulties of this paper,and also one of the motivations we are interested *** particular,we can establish the existence of positive normalized ground state solutions for the Brézis-Nirenberg type problem with logarithmic perturbations（i.e.,p+q=2*）.In addition,our study includes proving the existence of solutions to the logarithmic type Bréis-Nirenberg problem with and without the *** ∫Ω|ui|2dx=ρi（i=1,2） by two different methods,*** results seem to be the first result of the normalized solution of the coupled nonlinear Schr?dinger system with logarithmic perturbations.

关键词： logarithmic Schrödinger system Brézis-Nirenberg problem normalized solution existence and stability behavior of solutions

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Analysis of ancient mass extinction recoveries in marine environments: generating strategies for managing outcomes of the current mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 8-10页

作者： David J.Bottjer department of Earth sciences University of Southern California

The defining feature of a mass extinction and its associated recovery is the global amount of extinction that occurred[1]. However, there is finer-scale detail to the story, as seen in the ongoing modern mass extinction(the sixth mass extinction), which exhibits variable effects among marine ecosystems and environments, and hence geographic areas [1].

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Late Ordovician Mass Extinction: Earth, fire and ice

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 51-65页

作者： David A.T.Harper Palaeoecosystems Group Department of Earth SciencesDurham University

The Late Ordovician Mass Extinction was the earliest of the ‘big’ five extinction events and the earliest to affect the trajectory of metazoan life. Two phases have been identified near the start of the Hirnantian period and in the middle. It was a massive taxonomic extinction, a weak phylogenetic extinction and a relatively benign ecological extinction. A rapid cooling, triggering a major ice age that reduced the temperature of surface waters, prompted a drop in sea level of some 100 m and introduced toxic bottom waters onto the shelves. These symptoms of more fundamental planetary processes have been associated with a range of factors with an underlying driver identified as volcanicity. Volcanic eruptions, and other products, may have extended back in time to at least the Sandbian and early Katian, suggesting the extinctions were more protracted and influential than hitherto documented.

关键词： Ordovician LOME paleoecology palaeobiogeography biotas

New findings on the influence of El Nino events on tropical cyclone formation

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第3期67卷 892-893页

作者： Liguang WU department of Atmospheric and Oceanic sciences Institute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Tropical cyclones typically form over warm tropical and subtropical ocean surfaces, as their formation and intensification rely primarily on the energy provided by the ocean. Pioneering research by Gray (1968) revealed that the formation of tropical cyclones requires the sea surface temperature (SST) to be no less than 26.5℃. Consequently, SST is commonly recognized as a crucial parameter among the environmental factors influencing tropical cyclone formation(Gray, 1979;Emanuel and Nolan, 2004).

关键词： tropical cyclone ocean

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