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Variation and heritability of morphological and physiological traits among Leymus chinensis genotypes under different environmental conditions

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第1期11卷 66-74页

作者： YANG Xue LI Junpeng ZHAO Tingting MO Lidong ZHANG Jianli REN Huiqin ZHAO Nianxi GAO Yubao department of plant Biology and ecology College of Life Science Nankai University

Intraspecific trait variation and heritability in different environmental conditions not only suggest a potential for an evolutionary response but also have important ecological consequences at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. However, the contribution of quantitative trait variation within a grassland species to evolutionary responses or ecological consequences is seldom documented. Leymus chinensis is an important dominant species in semi-arid grasslands of China, which has seriously suffered from drought and high temperature stresses in recent decades. In the present study, we measured variation and heritability of 10 quantitative traits, namely the number of tillers, maximum shoot height, number of rhizomes, maximum rhizome length, rhizome mass, aboveground mass, root mass, maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pmax), specific leaf area(SLA), and leaf length to leaf width ratio(LL/LW), for 10 genotypes of L. chinensis under one non-stress(Ck) condition and three environmental stress conditions(i.e., drought(Dr), high temperature(Ht), and both drought and high temperature(DrHt)). Result indicated that(1) the interaction of genotype and environmental condition(G×E) was significant for 6 traits but not significant for the other 4 traits as shown by two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA), suggesting that different selection forces were placed for different traits on the factors dominating phenotypic responses to different environmental conditions. Moreover, these significant G×E effects on traits indicated significantly different phenotypic adaptive responses among L. chinensis genotypes to different environmental conditions. Additionally, individuals could be grouped according to environmental condition rather than genotype as shown by canonical discriminant analysis, indicating that environmental condition played a more important role in affecting phenotypic variation than genotype;(2) by one-way ANOVA, significant differences among L. chinensis genotypes w

关键词： Leymus chinensis genotype quantitative trait variation heritability drought high temperature

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Protective and defensive roles of non-glandular trichomes against multiple stresses:structure-function coordination

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第1期31卷 1-12页

作者： George Karabourniotis Georgios Liakopoulos Dimosthenis Nikolopoulos Panagiota Bresta Laboratory of plant Physiology Department of Crop ScienceAgricultural University of Athens

As superficial structures,non-glandular trichomes,protect plant organs against multiple biotic and abiotic *** protective and defensive roles of these epidermal appendages are crucial to developing organs and can be attributed to the excellent combination of suitable structural traits and chemical reinforcement in the form of phenolic compounds,primarily fl *** the formation of trichomes and the accumulation of phenolics are interrelated at the molecular *** the early stages of development,non-glandular trichomes show strong morphological similarities to glandular ones such as the balloon-like apical cells with numerous *** later developmental stages,and during secondary wall thickening,phenolics are transferred to the cell walls of the *** to the diff use deposition of phenolics in the cell walls,trichomes provide protection against UV-B radiation by behaving as optical fi lters,screening out wavelengths that could damage sensitive *** from strong visible radiation is also aff orded by increased surface light refl ***,the mixtures of trichome phenolics represent a superfi-cial chemical barrier that provides protection against biotic stress factors such as herbivores and *** the cells of some trichomes die at maturity,they can modulate their quantitative and qualitative characteristics during development,depending on the prevailing conditions of the external biotic or abiotic *** fact,the structure and chemical constituents of trichomes may change due to the particular light regime,herbivore damage,wounding,water stress,salinity and the presence of heavy ***,trichomes represent dynamic protective structures that may greatly aff ect the outcome of many plant–environment interactions.

关键词： Non-glandular trichomes Phenolics Flavonoids Protection Defence Biotic stress Abiotic stress

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Integrated agronomic practice increases maize grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency under various soil fertility conditions

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The crop Journal 2019年第4期7卷 527-538页

作者： Baoyuan Zhou Xuefang Sun Dan Wang Zaisong Ding Congfeng Li Wei Ma Ming Zhao Institute of crop sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100081 China College of plant science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation (Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River) of Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan 430070 Hubei China

crop yield potential can be increased through the use of appropriate agronomic practices. Integrated agronomic practice (IAP) is an effective way to increase maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE);however, the physiological processes associated with gains in yield potential obtained from IAP, particularly the different under various soil fertility conditions, remain poorly understood. An IAP strategy including optimal planting density, split fertilizer application, and subsoiling tillage was evaluated over two growing seasons to determine whether the effects of IAP on maize yield and NUE differ under different levels of soil fertility. Compared to farmers' practices (FP), IAP increased maize grain yield in 2013 and 2014 by 25% and 28%, respectively, in low soil fertility (LSF) fields and by 36% and 37%, respectively, in high soil fertility (HSF) fields. The large yield gap was attributed mainly to greater dry matter (DM) and N accumulation with IAP than with FP owing to increased leaf area index (LAI) and DM accumulation rate, which were promoted by greater soil mineral N content (Nmin) and root length. Post-silking DM and N accumulation were also greater with IAP than with FP under HSF conditions, accounting for 60% and 43%, respectively, of total biomass and N accumulation;however, no significant differences were found for post-silking DM and N accumulation between IAP and FP under LSF conditions. Thus, the increase in grain yield with IAP was greater under HSF than under LSF. Because of greater grain yield and N uptake, IAP significantly increased N partial factor productivity, agronomic N efficiency, N recovery efficiency, and physiological efficiency of applied N compared to FP, particularly in the HSF fields. These results indicate that considerable further increases in yield and NUE can be obtained by increasing effective soil N content and maize root length to promote post-silking N and DM accumulation in maize planted at high plan

关键词： Summer maize Integrated agronomic practice Soil fertility Grain yield Nitrogen use efficiency

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Wheat streak mosaic virus： incidence in field crops, potential reservoir within grass species and uptake in winter wheat cultivars

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第3期16卷 523-531页

作者： Jana Chalupniková Jiban Kumar Kundu Khushwant Singh Pavla Bartaková Eva Beoni Division of crop Protection and plant Health Crop Research Institute Prague 16106 Czech Republic department of Experimental plant Biology Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague Prague 12843 Czech Republic

Wheat streak mosaic virus（WSMV）has become a re-emerging pathogen in cereal crops in the Czech *** was first reported in the former Czechoslovakia in the early 1980s,and then no record of the virus was documented until *** incidence of the virus was recorded in recent years in several winter wheat fields and many grass ***,we surveyed the incidence of WSMV in cereal *** results demonstrated the existence of the virus in winter wheat and volunteer wheat during each year of the monitoring period,which spanned from 2013–*** the range of infected samples was low（6.4%of the total tested samples）,a high incidence of well-distributed virus was *** at least six fields,the virus reached severe and potentially epidemic *** accordance with our previous report detailing WSMV infection of native grasses,we tested several grass species commonly grown in the Czech *** found that some grass species acted as experimental hosts and possible reservoirs of the virus;these included Anthoxanthum odoratum（sweet vernal grass）,Arrhenatherum elatius（false oat-grass）,Lolium multiflorum（Italian rye-grass）,Bromus japonicus（Japanese chess）,Echinochloa crus-galli（barnyard grass）,Holcus lanatus（meadow soft grass）and Holcus mollis（creeping soft grass）.Some of these grass species are also important weeds of cereals,which may be the potential source of WSMV infection in cereal *** widely used winter wheat cultivars were tested in the field after artificial inoculation with WSMV to evaluate virus titre by ***,the tested cultivars had a low virus titre,which is associated with mild disease symptoms and may provide a good level of crop resistance to WSMV.

关键词： WSMV survey grass species cereal crops

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Effects of N Management on Yield and N Uptake of Rice in Central China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第12期11卷 1993-2000页

作者： PAN Sheng-gang HUANG Sheng-qi ZHAI Jing WANG Jing-ping CAO Cou-gui CAI Ming-li ZHAN Ming TANG Xiang-ru Key Laboratory of Huazhong crop Physiology Ecology and Production Ministry of Agriculture/College of Plant Science & Technology Huazhong Agricultural University College of Agriculture South China Agricultural University

Efficient N fertilizer management is critical for the economic production of rice and the long-term protection of environmental quality. A field experiment was designed to study the effects of N fertilizer management practices on grain yield and N uptake office. The experiment was laid out in the randomized complete block design with four replications in Central China during 2008 and 2009. Five N treatments denoted as No, NIsoA, N15oB, N24OA, and N24oB, respectively, were studied. NO represented no N application and served as a control, N15OA and N15oB indicated the total N application of 150 kg N ha-I but with two different application schedules （A and B） across the early stage of rice growth. Schedule A was applied as follows： 40% basal, 30% at 10 d after transplanting （DAT） and 30% at 36 DAT （nearly at the panicle initiation stage）, while schedule B was as follows： 30% at basal, 20% at 10 DAT, and 50% at 36 DAT. Similarly, N240A and N240B indicated the total N application of 240 kg N ha-1 with schedules A and B as described above. To quantify N uptake from fertilizer and soil, a 15N experiment was also conducted within the main experimental field, with micro-plots. Grain yields were significantly increased as N rates increased from 0 to 240 kg N ha-1. At the same rate, splitting N application as schedule B significantly increased the grain yield, spikelets per panicle, percentage of ripened grain, and 1 000-grain weight, compared with the N application according to schedule A. Mean rice recovery of N fertilizer by ~SN tracing method ranged from 25.39% at N24oA to 34.89% at NIsoB, however, N fertilizer residual rate in the soil ranged from 12.40% at N240A to 16.61% at N^s0w About 31.5 and 28.5% of total uptake of ~SN derived from basal fertilizer was absorbed at panicle initiation and heading stages, respectively. However, 65.6-92.5% of total uptake of 15N derived from topdressing fertilizer was absorbed at the heading stage. Based on yield and nitrogen recovery e

关键词： 15SN N fate N management recovery rice

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Microtopography causes small-scale variation in harvest and forage quality of high-yielding silage grassland in northern Germany

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Grassland Research 2024年第1期3卷 33-42页

作者： Angelika Mroncz Johannes Isselstein Martin Komainda Christoph Leuschner department of plant ecology Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of GoettingenGöttingenGermany department of crop sciences Grassland ScienceUniversity of GoettingenGöttingenGermany

Background:Local sward dieback,especially in grasslands on peat soil,in response to the extreme 2018/2019 drought demonstrates climate vulnerability of intensive grasslands in northern Central ***:We explore the inﬂuence of microtopography,that is,the within-ﬁeld mosaic of depressions and elevated patches,on soil volumetric moisture content,standing biomass and biomass crude protein(CP)andﬁbre content in intensively managed grassland on peat soil in a moist year(2021)and a dry year(2022)for quantifying small-scale spatial heterogeneity within aﬁ***:We found high within-ﬁeld variation in soil moisture,biomass and forage quality and a moisture dependence of productivity that was stronger in the dry *** ranged from 10%to 25%within aﬁeld,being lower in moist depressions than elevated patches in the wet(but not in the dry)***:The moister depressions help to limit the overall productivity decline in dry summers,whereas,in moist summers,the higher dry patches produce more protein-rich forage than the depressions,where productivity is higher but quality is *** recommend adapting grassland management to this heterogeneity through spatially differentiated management regimes in order to better cope with an increasingly drier and more variable climate.

关键词： biomass map dairy farming drought elevation differences protein content silage grassland soil

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Biotic Homogenization Caused by the Invasion of Solidago canadensis in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第5期12卷 835-845页

作者： CHEN Guo-qi ZHANG Chao-bin MA Ling QIANG Sheng John ASilander Li Li Qi Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University department of ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Northern crop science Laboratory USDA-ARS

Although studies argue that invasive species can cause biotic differentiation, some cases show that biological invasions actually decrease biodiversity through biotic homogenization. The concept of biotic homogenization through the invasion of a certain serious invasive plant species merit more studies. Hence, we used field surveys to quantitatively compare invasive populations of Solidago canadensis （SC） in China with the control sites （adjacent sites to SC present sites yet without the species） and SC native populations in the USA. We found that plant communities in SC invaded habitats shared similarities with those in SC native ranges. Bray-Curtis similarity clearly showed that the composition of plant communities in SC invaded habitats were similar to those in SC native ranges. Both in the native and introduced range, plant communities with SC present were characterized by SC being dominant, significantly lower species richness, or-diversity and p-diversity, as well as a decrease in the correlation coefficient between geographic distance and floristic similarities. SC favors fertile and moist loam habitat, while it dominated in various habitats in China, where more than 20 different dominants should have occurred. In conclusion, serious invasive species can quickly remodel and homogenize diverse communities by dominating them.

关键词： biodiversity control site field survey geographic distance invasive population native population similarity

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Breeding to Optimize Agriculture in a Changing World

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The crop Journal 2015年第3期3卷 169-173页

作者： Jiankang Wang Jose Luis Araus Jianmin Wan Institute of crop science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences department of plant Biology University of Barcelona

Breeding to Optimize Chinese Agriculture(OPTICHINA) was a three-year EU–China project launched in June of 2011. As designed, the project acted as a new strategic model to reinforce systematic cooperation on agricultural research between Europe and China. The OPTICHINA International Conference "Breeding to Optimize Agriculture in a Changing World" was held in Beijing, May 26–29, 2014. The conference included six thematic areas:(1) defining and protecting the yield potential of traits and genes;(2) high-throughput precision phenotyping in the field;(3) molecular technologies in modern breeding;(4) plant ideotype;(5) data analysis,data management, and bioinformatics; and(6) national challenges and opportunities for China. The 10 articles collected in this special issue represent key contributions and topics of this conference. This editorial provides a brief introduction to the OPTICHINA project, followed by the main scientific points of articles published in this special issue. Finally, outcomes from a brainstorming discussion at the end of the conference are summarized, representing the authors' opinions on trends in breeding for a changing world.

关键词： Bioinformatics Breeding Genetic analysis Modeling Molecular breeding Precision phenotyping

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OsPHR2-mediated recruitment of Pseudomonadaceae enhances rice phosphorus uptake

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plant Communications 2024年第8期5卷 137-146页

作者： Jianping Liu Weifeng Xu Qian Zhang Wencheng Liao Liang Li Shu Chen Jinyong Yang Zhengrui Wang Feiyun Xu Center for plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of JunCao science and ecology Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in CropFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China

plants can shape their root microbiome to promote growth and nutrient *** STARVATION RESPONSE 2(OsPHR2)is a central regulator of phosphate signaling in rice,but whether OsPHR2 can shape the root microbiome to promote phosphorus uptake is ***,we investigate the role of OsPHR2 in recruiting microbiota for phosphorus uptake using high-throughput sequencing and metabolite ***2-overexpressing(OsPHR2 OE)rice showed 69.8%greater shoot P uptake in natural soil compared with sterilized soil under high-phosphorus(HP)conditions,but there was only a 54.8%increase in the wildtype(WT).The abundance of the family Pseudomonadaceae was significantly enriched in OsPHR2 OE roots relative to those of WT *** with the WT,OsPHR2 OE rice had a relatively higher abundance of succinic acid and methylmalonic acid,which could stimulate the growth of Pseudomonas sp.(P6).After inoculation with P6,phosphorus uptake in WT and OsPHR2 OE rice was higher than that in uninoculated rice under low-phosphorus(LP)*** together,our results suggest that OsPHR2 can increase phosphorus use in rice through root exudate-mediated recruitment of *** finding reveals a cooperative contribution of the OsPHR2-modulated root microbiome,which is important for improving phosphorus use in agriculture.

关键词： OsPHR2 rice organic acid phosphorus Pseudomonadaceae

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Priming: A promising strategy for crop production in response to future climate

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第12期16卷 2709-2716页

作者： WANG Xiao LIU Fu-lai JIANG Dong National Technology Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of crop Physiology and ecology in Southern China Ministry of Agriculture/College of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural University department of plant and Environmental sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen

Anticipated more frequent extreme events due to changes in global climatic variability requires adaptation of crop species to multi-occurrence abiotic stresses hereby sustaining the food security. Priming, by pre-exposure of plants to an eliciting factor, enables plants to be more tolerant to later biotic or abiotic stress events. Priming induced “stress memory” exists in both present generation and the offspring. Thus, priming is suggested to be a promising strategy for plants to cope with the abiotic stresses under global change scenarios. In this review, the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms of priming induced enhancement of stress tolerance to the major abiotic stresses of drought and waterlogging, and high and low temperature in crop plants were discussed, and the potential to utilize the priming effect for sustaining crop productivity in future climates was also suggested.

关键词： priming stress memory transgenerational priming physiological mechanisms

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