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Influence of protein characteristics and the proportion of gluten on end-use quality in Korean wheat cultivars

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第8期17卷 1706-1719页

作者： Seong-Woo Cho Chon-Sik Kang Hyeon Seok Ko Byung-Kee Baik Kwang-Min Cho Chul Soo Park department of crop science & biotechnology Chonbuk National University National Institute of crop science Rural Development Administration Farm & Agribusiness Management Division Rural Development Administration USDA-ARS CSWQRU Soft Wheat Quality Laboratory Research Center of Bioactive Materials Chonbuk National University

The effects of protein characteristics and the proportion of gluten on end-use quality in 13 Korean wheat cultivars for three years were verified in this study. Year, cultivar, and the interaction between the year and the cultivar influenced protein characteristics, the proportion of gluten except for γ-and ω-gliadin using RP-HPLC(reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography), and end-use quality. Protein characteristics and the proportion of gluten in Korean wheat cultivars were between those of Australian standard white(ASW) and hard wheat(AH). Korean wheat cultivars exhibited a higher average α+β gliadin proportion than imported wheat, a γ-gliadin proportion similar to that of dark northern spring wheat, and the same ω-gliadin proportion as AH. They showed a bread-loaf volume intermediate between those of ASW and AH and a texture of cooked noodles similar to that of soft white wheat, but less springiness than imported wheat. The cookie diameter of Korean wheat cultivars was similar to that of hard red winter wheat. There was a correlation between bread-loaf volume and protein characteristics, except for the protein content in Korean wheat cultivars. Springiness and cohesiveness of cooked noodles were not correlated with protein characteristics, while hardness was correlated with the protein content and water absorption of a mixograph. Cookie diameter was negatively correlated with the sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) sedimentation volume and water absorption of a mixograph. The end-use quality was not correlated with any proportion of gluten composition. Principal component analysis(PCA) showed that the proportion of gluten was not related to the quality of the bread(both PCs, 81.3%), noodle(77.7%), and cookie(82.4%). PCA explained that Keumkang is suitable for superior bread, while Uri is good for cooked noodles and cookies.

关键词： wheat quality flour quality storage proteins

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Protective and defensive roles of non-glandular trichomes against multiple stresses:structure-function coordination

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第1期31卷 1-12页

作者： George Karabourniotis Georgios Liakopoulos Dimosthenis Nikolopoulos Panagiota Bresta Laboratory of Plant Physiology Department of Crop ScienceAgricultural University of Athens

As superficial structures,non-glandular trichomes,protect plant organs against multiple biotic and abiotic *** protective and defensive roles of these epidermal appendages are crucial to developing organs and can be attributed to the excellent combination of suitable structural traits and chemical reinforcement in the form of phenolic compounds,primarily fl *** the formation of trichomes and the accumulation of phenolics are interrelated at the molecular *** the early stages of development,non-glandular trichomes show strong morphological similarities to glandular ones such as the balloon-like apical cells with numerous *** later developmental stages,and during secondary wall thickening,phenolics are transferred to the cell walls of the *** to the diff use deposition of phenolics in the cell walls,trichomes provide protection against UV-B radiation by behaving as optical fi lters,screening out wavelengths that could damage sensitive *** from strong visible radiation is also aff orded by increased surface light refl ***,the mixtures of trichome phenolics represent a superfi-cial chemical barrier that provides protection against biotic stress factors such as herbivores and *** the cells of some trichomes die at maturity,they can modulate their quantitative and qualitative characteristics during development,depending on the prevailing conditions of the external biotic or abiotic *** fact,the structure and chemical constituents of trichomes may change due to the particular light regime,herbivore damage,wounding,water stress,salinity and the presence of heavy ***,trichomes represent dynamic protective structures that may greatly aff ect the outcome of many plant–environment interactions.

关键词： Non-glandular trichomes Phenolics Flavonoids Protection Defence Biotic stress Abiotic stress

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Increase in the Transition Enthalpy of Fibrinogen upon Adsorption onto Hydroxyapatite

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Chinese Physics Letters 1999年第6期16卷 431-433页

作者： CHEN Yong-li MAO Hai-bin ZHANG Xiu-fang GONG Yan-dao ZHAO Nan-ming department of Biological science and biotechnology State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane BiotechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084

The increase of the protein transition enthalpy upon adsorption onto biomedical material surfaces was observed by measuringthe differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)traces of bovine fibrinogen adsorbed onto a hydroxyapatite *** mechanism causing the transition enthalpy increase upon adsorption was clariHed by using DSC measurements of bovine fibrinogen for different ionic strength and sodium dodecyl sulfate *** fesu7ts surest that the increased Hbrinogen transition enthalpy may be attributed to the electrostatic interactions between the carboxyl of the D domains and the calcium loci of hydroxyapatite,which may result in a more compact protein structure.

关键词： structure. surface. enthalpy

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Genomics-based plant germplasm research(GPGR)

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The crop Journal 2017年第2期5卷 166-174页

作者： Jizeng Jia Hongjie Li Xueyong Zhang Zichao Li Lijuan Qiu Key Laboratory of crop Germplasm & biotechnology Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesThe National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementNFCRGI Beijing Key Laboratory of crop Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationMinistry of EducationChina Agricultural University

Plant germplasm underpins much of crop genetic improvement. Millions of germplasm accessions have been collected and conserved ex situ and/or in situ, and the major challenge is now how to exploit and utilize this abundant resource. Genomics-based plant germplasm research （GPGR） or ＂Cenoplasmics＂ is a novel cross-disciplinary research field that seeks to apply the principles and techniques of genomics to germplasm research. We describe in this paper the concept, strategy, and approach behind GPGR, and summarize current progress in the areas of the definition and construction of core collections, enhancement of germplasm with core collections, and gene discovery from core collections. GPGR is opening a new era in germplasm research. The contribution, progress and achievements of GPGR in the future are predicted.

关键词： Plant germplasm Genomics Genomics-based plant germplasm research(GPGR) Genoplasmics

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Analysis of genetic diversity in banana cultivars(Musa cvs.) from the South of Oman using AFLP markers and classification by phylogenetic,hierarchical clustering and principal component analyses

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Journal of Zhejiang University-science B(Biomedicine & biotechnology) 2010年第5期11卷 332-341页

作者： Umezuruike Linus OPARA Dan JACOBSON Nadiya Abubakar AL-SAADY department of Horticultural science Faculty of AgricSciencesUniversity of Stellenbosch department of Viticulture and Oenology Institute of Wine BiotechnologyFaculty of AgricSciencesUniversity of Stellenbosch department of crop sciences College of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos University

Banana is an important crop grown in Oman and there is a dearth of information on its genetic diversity to assist in crop breeding and improvement *** study employed amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) to investigate the genetic variation in local banana cultivars from the southern region of *** 12 primer combinations,a total of 1094 bands were scored,of which 1012 were ***-two unique markers were identified,which revealed the distinct separation of the seven *** results obtained show that AFLP can be used to differentiate the banana *** classification by phylogenetic,hierarchical clustering and principal component analyses showed significant differences between the clusters found with molecular markers and those clusters created by previous studies using morphological *** on the analytical results,a consensus dendrogram of the banana cultivars is presented.

关键词： Musa Genetic diversity Amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) Phylogenetics Principal component analysis(PCA) Hierarchical clustering analysis(HCA) Oman

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Influences of Catch crop and Its Incorporation Time on Soil Carbon and Carbon-Related Enzymes

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Pedosphere 2015年第4期25卷 569-579页

作者： Anna PIOTROWSKA-DLUGOSZ Edward WILCZEWSKI department of Soil science and Soil Protection Division of Biochemistry Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology UTP University of Science and Technology department of Agrotechnology Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology UTP University of Science and Technology

Catch crops that are cultivated for green manure play an important role in improving soil properties. A 3-year field experi- ment was conducted to investigate the effect of catch crop （pea, Pisum sativum L.） management, i.e., incorporation of catch crop in October/November （autumn） and March （spring）, and without catch crop （control）, on soil organic carbon （SOC）, microbial biomass carbon （MBC） and the activities of carbon （C）-cycle enzymes, including cellulase （Cel）, β-glucosidase （Glu） and invertase （Inv）. Additionally, soil total nitrogen （TN） and pHKcl were investigated. The catch crop was cultivated from August to October each year during 2008-2010. Soil samples were collected from the field of spring barley （Hordeum vulgate L.） that had been grown after the catch crop. Soil samples for microbial activity determination were taken in March, May, June and August in 2009, 2010 and 2011, while SOC and TN contents as well as pHKc1 were determined in March and August. The chemical properties studied did not show significant changes as influenced by the experimental factors. The use of catch crop significantly increased the MBC content and the activities of C-cycle enzymes compared to the control. When the catch crop was incorporated in spring, a significantly higher MBC content was noted in March and May compared to autumn incorporation. Moreover, the spring incorporation of the catch crop significantly increased the Glu activity （except March）, while the activities of Cel and Inv as well as the rate of soil basal respiration were usually unaffected by the time of catch crop incorporation. Greater microbial biomass and higher enzyme activities in the catch crop-treated soil, compared to the control, indicated that the application of the catch crop as a green manure could be recommended as a promising technique to increase the biological activity of the soil. Since there was no significant effect or no consistent results were obtained related to the time of catch crop

关键词： cellulase β-glucosidase invertase microbial biomass carbon soil basal respiration

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Validation of EST-derived STS markers localized on ***-3BS for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat using a‘Wangshuibai’derived population

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2008年第10期35卷 625-629页

作者： Amir Mohammad Naji Mohammad Moghaddam Mohammad Reza Ghaffari Hashem Pour Irandoost Laleh Karimi Farsad Seyed Mostafa Pirseyedi Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi Behzad Ghareyazie Mohsen Mardi department of Agronomy and crop Breeding Shahed University of Tehran department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding University of Tabriz department of Genomics Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran

A few EST-derived STS markers localized on ***-3BS, a major QTL for resistance to Fusarium head blight （FHB） in wheat, have been previously identified in the ＇Sumai 3＇/＇Stoa＇ population. In this study, we used a ＇Wangshuibai＇（resistant）/＇Seri82＇（susceptible） derived population, linkage group, QTL, and quantitative gene expression analysis to assess the genetic background dependence and stability of the EST-derived STS markers for use in marker aided selection to improve FHB resistance in wheat. Based on our results, a QTL in the map interval of Xsts3B-138_1-Xgwrn493 on chromosome 3BS was detected for FHB resistance, which accounted for up to 16% of the phenotypic variation. BLASTN analysis indicated that Xsts3B-138_1 sequence had significant similarity with the resistance gene analogue. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that the relative expression of Xsts3B-138_1 in ＇Wangshuibai＇ at 96 h after inoculation was 2.6 times higher than ＇Seri82＇. Our results underlined that EST-derived STS3B-138 markers could be predominantly used in marker aided selection to improve FHB resistance in wheat.

关键词： EST-derived STS markers Qfhs.ndsu-3BS Fusarium head blight wheat

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Optimization and evaluation of a bottom substrate denitrification tank for nitrate removal from a recirculating aquaculture system

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2013年第8期25卷 1557-1564页

作者： Wiboonluk Pungrasmi Cholticha Playchoom Sorawit Powtongsook department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Center of Excellence for Marine biotechnology Department of Marine Science Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University National Center for Genetic Engineering and biotechnology National Science and Technology Development Agency

A bottom substrate denitrification tank for a recirculating aquaculture system was developed. The laboratory scale denitrification tank was an 8 L tank （0.04 m2 tank surface area）, packed to a depth of 5 cm with a bottom substrate for natural denitrifying bacteria. An aquarium pump was used for gentle water mixing in the tank; the dissolved oxygen in the water was maintained in aerobic conditions （e.g. 〉 2 mg/L） while anoxic conditions predominated only at the bottom substrate layer. The results showed that, among the four substrates tested （soil, sand, pumice stone and vermiculite）, pumice was the most preferable material. Comparing carbon supplementation using methanol and molasses, methanol was chosen as the carbon source because it provided a higher denitrification rate than molasses. When methanol was applied at the optimal COD：N ratio of 5：1, a nitrate removal rate of 4591 ± 133 mg-N/m2 tank bottom area/day was achieved. Finally, nitrate removal using an 80 L denitrification tank was evaluated with a 610 L recirculating tilapia culture system. Nitrate treatment was performed by batch transferring high nitrate water from the nitrification tank into the denitrification tank and mixing with methanol at a COD：N ratio of 5：1. The results from five batches of nitrate treatment revealed that nitrate was successfully removed from water without the accumulation of nitrite and ammonia. The average nitrate removal efficiency was 85.17% and the average denitrification rate of the denitrification tank was 6311 ± 945 mg-N/m2 tank bottom area/day or 126 ± 18 mg-N/L of pumice packing volume/day.

关键词： denitrification nitrate removal methanol pumice stone recirculating aquaculture system

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Drought-responsive genes expressed predominantly in root tissues are enriched with homotypic cis-regulatory clusters in promoters of major cereal crops

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The crop Journal 2017年第3期5卷 195-206页

作者： Muhammad Ramzan Khan Imran Khan Zahra Ibrar Jens Léon Ali Ahmed Naz Institute of crop science and Resource Conservation(INRES) Department of Crop Genetics and BiotechnologyRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of BonnGermany National Centre for Bioinformatics(NCB) Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan National Institute for Genomics and Advanced biotechnology(NIGAB) National Agricultural Research CentrePark RoadIslamabadPakistan

The root appears to be the most relevant organ for breeding drought stress ***, our knowledge about temporal and spatial regulation of drought-associated genes in the root remains fragmented, especially in crop plants. We performed a meta-analysis of expression divergence of essential drought-inducible genes and analyzed their association with cis-elements in model crops and major cereal crops. Our analysis of42 selected drought-inducible genes revealed that these are expressed primarily in roots,followed by shoot, leaf, and inflorescence tissues, especially in wheat. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis confirmed higher expression of TaDREB2 and TaAQP7 in roots,correlated with extensive rooting and drought-stress tolerance in wheat. A promoter scan up to 2 kb upstream of the translation start site using phylogenetic footprinting revealed708 transcription factor binding sites, including drought response elements(DREs), auxin response elements(Aux REs), MYCREs/MYBREs, ABAREs, and ERD1 in 19 selected ***, these elements were organized into clusters of overlapping transcription factor binding sites known as homotypic clusters(HCTs), which modulate drought physiology in plants. Taken together, these results revealed the expression preeminence of major drought-inducible genes in the root, suggesting its crucial role in drought adaptation. The occurrence of HCTs in drought-inducible genes highlights the putative evolutionary modifications of crop plants in developing drought adaptation. We propose that these DNA motifs can be used as molecular markers for breeding drought-resilient cultivars, particularly in the cereal crops.

关键词： Gene expression Promoter DREB cis-regulatory elements Phylogeny Drought adaptation

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Coordinated Expression of Cytosolic and Chloroplastic Glutamine Synthetase During Reproductive Stage and Its Impact in GS1 RNAi Transgenic Rice

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Rice science 2018年第5期25卷 250-260页

作者： Tieu-Ngoc Nguyen LE Beomgi LEE Kyoungwhan BACK Young Soon KIM Hyeonsook CHEONG department of biotechnology Chonnam National University department of Life science Chosun University

To understand the reallocation of organic nitrogen from leaf to the flower head of rice, the role of glutamine synthetase （GS） was investigated by characterizing GS1 RNAi transgenic rice, which revealed a significant reduction in panicle number and number of seeds per panicle. We observed the expression of GS isotypes at transcriptional and protein levels in flag leaves, leaf sheaths and panicles at three different flower development stages. The mRNA expression of GS1;1 was clearly suppressed in flag leaves, especially at the flowering stage. GS1 protein was barely detectable in flag leaves until the flowering stage, while GS1 protein was compromised in the leaf sheath and panicle, with transient expression of GS2 protein at the flowering stage. The glutamine level in transgenic plants was significantly reduced in both flag leaves and panicles, but ammonium was highly accumulated. The level of other amino acids, including aspartate and asparagine, tended to be higher in RNAi transgenic plants than the wild type plants during the reproductive stage. In addition, accumulation of toxic ammonium in panicles with low glutamine level might have caused low seed-setting in the transgenic rice. These results indicated that nitrogen reallocation was critical for panicle development, and that multiple GS isotypes functioned cooperatively to complete the rice life cycle when leaf nitrogen was remobilized to the developing reproductive organs.

关键词： ammonium grain yield RNA interference panicle development nitrogen reallocation rice glutamine synthase flowering stage

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