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Yr5-virulent races of Puccinia striiformis *** possess relative parasitic fitness higher than current main predominant races and potential risk

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第8期23卷 2674-2685页

作者： Gensheng Zhang Mudi Sun Xinyao Ma Wei Liu Zhimin Du Zhensheng Kang Jie Zhao State Key Laboratory of crop Resistance and High-Efficiency production College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Wheat stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis ***(Pst),is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of wheat,and seriously threatens safe production of the crop *** China,new races historically appeared and rapidly developed to be predominant races and have resulted in ineffectiveness and replacement of wheat resistance cultivars as well as massive reduction in *** the present study,the relative parasitic fitness of the two newlyemerged Yr5-virulent races(TSA-6 and TSA-9)were compared with those of four currently predominant Chinese races(CYR31,CYR32,CYR33,and CYR34)based on evaluation on 10 Chinese wheat *** a result,there were significant differences in the relative parasitic fitness parameters among overall tested races based on multiple comparison(LSD)analysis(PTSA-9(0.95)>TSA-6(0.92)>CYR34(0.29)>CYR31(–1.54)>CYR33(–1.77).The results indicated that two Yr5-virulent races TSA-9 and TSA-6 possessed relative parasitic fitness higher than races CYR34,CYR31,and CYR33,but lower than race CYR32,and have potential risks in developing to be predominant ***,continual monitoring of both Yr5-virulent races,and their variants is *** use of wheat cultivars(lines)with Yr5 resistance gene singly in wheat breeding is essential for being avoided,and is suggested to combine with other effective stripe rust resistance genes.

关键词： wheat stripe rust Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici parasitic fitness Yr5 new race

Influence of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen on Grain Yield andYield Components of Hybrid Rice in Northwestern Pakistan

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Rice science 2016年第6期23卷 326-333页

作者： amanullah hidayatullah department of Agronomy Faculty of Crop Production SciencesThe University of AgriculturePeshawar 25130Pakistan

Field experiments were conducted to assess the impact of various organic sources, inorganicnitrogen （N） and the different combinations of inorganic N （urea）＋ organic source on the yieldcomponents （YC） and grain yield （GY） of hybrid rice （Oryza sativa L., Pukhraj） under rice-wheat *** experiments were conducted at Batkhela （Malakand）, Northwestern Pakistan, in 2011 and *** results revealed that YC and GY ranked first for the hybrid rice when applied with sole inorganic N（urea）, followed by the application of N in mixture （urea ＋ organic sources）, while the control plots （no Napplied） ranked in the bottom. Among the six organic sources （three animal manures： poultry, sheepand cattle; three crop residues： onion, berseem and wheat）, application of N in the form of poultrymanure was superior in terms of higher YC and GY. When applying 120 kg/hm2 N source, 75% N fromurea ＋ 25% N from organic source resulted in higher YC and GY in 2011, while applying 50% N fromurea ＋ 50% N from organic sources caused higher YC and GY in 2012. Therefore, the combinedapplication of N sources in the form of urea ＋ organic source can produce good performances in termsof higher YC and GY of rice under rice-wheat cropping system.

关键词： rice organic source urea nitrogen yield component grain yield

Basal defense is enhanced in a wheat cultivar resistant to Fusarium head blight

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第4期23卷 1238-1258页

作者： Xinlong Gao Fan Li Yikun Sun Jiaqi Jiang Xiaolin Tian Qingwen Li Kaili Duan Jie Lin Huiquan Liu Qinhu Wang State Key Laboratory for crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency production College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most destructive wheat *** directly affecting the yield,the mycotoxin residing in the kernel greatly threatens the health of humans and *** 979(XN979)is a widely cultivated wheat elite with high yield and FHB ***,its resistance mechanism remains *** this study,we studied the expression of genes involved in plant defense in XN979 by comparative *** found that the FHB resistance in XN979 consists of two lines of *** first line of defense,which is constitutive,is knitted via the enhanced basal expression of lignin and jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthesis *** second line of defense,which is induced upon *** infection,is contributed by the limited suppression of photosynthesis and the struggle of biotic stress-responding ***,the effective defense in XN979 leads to an inhibition of fungal gene expression,especially in the early infection *** formation of the FHB resistance in XN979 may coincide with the breeding strategies,such as selecting high grain yield and lodging resistance *** study will facilitate our understanding of *** interaction and is insightful for breeding FHB-resistant wheat.

关键词： Fusarium head blight Xinong 979 lignin jasmonic acid photosynthesis Fusarium graminearum

Fitness and predation potential of Macrolophus pygmaeus reared under artificial conditions

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Insect Science 2011年第6期18卷 682-688页

作者： Bjorn Vandekerkhove Veronic De Puysseleyr Maarten Bonte Patrick De Clercq Laboratory of Agrozoology Department of Crop Protection Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium

The biological parameters of Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur afler prolonged rearing in the absence of plant materials were compared with those of conventionally plant-reared predators. When eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller were provided as food, developmental and reproductive fitness of M. pygmaeus reared for over 30 consecutive generations using artificial living and oviposition substrates was similar to that of predators kept on tobacco leaves. Plantless-reared fifth instars of the predator also had similar predation rates on second instars of the tobacco aphid, Myzus persicae nicotianae Blackman, as their peers maintained on plant materials. In a further experiment, predation on aphid prey by fifth instar M. pygmaeus fed one of two egg yolk-based artificial diets was compared with that of nymphs fed E. kuehniella eggs. Despite their lower body weights, preda- tors produced on either artificial diet killed similar numbers of prey as their counterparts reared on lepidopteran eggs. Our study indicates that artificial rearing systems may be useful to further rationalize the production of this economically important biological control agent.

关键词： artificial diets artificial substrates biological control insect rearingMacrolophus pygmaeus quality assurance

In vitro and in silico studies of salicylic acid on systemic induced resistance against bacterial leaf blight disease and enhancement of crop yield

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第1期22卷 170-184页

作者： Wannaporn THEPBANDIT Narendra Kumar PAPATHOTI Jayasimha Rayulu DADDAM Nguyen Huy HOANG Toan LE THANH Chanon SAENGCHAN Kumrai BUENSANTEAI School of crop production Technology Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima 30000Thailand department of Animal Science Agriculture Research OrganizationRishon Lezion 7505101Israel department of Plant protection Can Tho UniversityCan Tho 900000Vietnam

Salicylic acid(SA)is an effective elicitor to promote plant defenses and *** study aimed to investigate rice(Oryza sativa L.)*** Dawk Mali 105 treated with salicylic acid(SA)-Ricemate as an enhanced plant protection mechanism against bacterial leaf blight(BLB)disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae ***(Xoo).Results indicated that the use of SA-Ricemate as a foliar spray at concentrations of more than 100 mg L^(-1)can reduce the severity of BLB disease by 71%.SA-Ricemate treatment also increased the hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))content of rice leaf tissues over untreated samples by 39–61%.Malondialdehyde(MDA)in rice leaves treated with SA-Ricemate also showed an increase of 50–65%when comparing to non-treated *** differential development of these defense compounds was faster and distinct when the SA-Ricemate-treated rice was infected with Xoo,indicating plant-induced ***,SA-Ricemate elicitor at a concentration of 50–250 mg L^(-1)was correlated with a substantial increase in the accumulation of total chlorophyll content at 2.53–2.73 mg g^(-1)of fresh weight which suggests that plant growth is activated by *** catalase-and aldehyde dehydrogenase-binding sites were searched for using the CASTp server,and the findings were compared to the *** was used to design and optimize SA,which was then docked to the catalase and aldehyde dehydrogenase-binding domains of the enzymes using the GOLD 3.0.1 *** is shown in several docked conformations with the enzymes catalase and aldehyde *** three catalase amino acids(GLN7,VAL27,and GLU38)were discovered to be involved in the creation of a strong hydrogen bond with SA when SA was *** this mechanism,the aldehyde dehydrogenase amino acids LYS5,HIS6,and ASP2 were all implicated,and these amino acids created strong hydrogen bonds with *** field conditions,SA-Ricemate significantly reduced disease severity by 78%and the total grain yield was si

关键词： bacterial leaf blight crop yield in vitro in silico rice defense salicylic acid

The ABF transcription factor TaABF2 interacts with TaSnRK2s to ameliorate drought tolerance in wheat

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第12期51卷 1521-1524页

作者： Linying Du Ming Yu Qiannan Wang Zhenbing Ma Shumin Li Li Ding Fangfang Li Weijun Zheng Xiaojing Wang Hude Mao State Key Laboratory for crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency production College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F University State Key Laboratory for crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency production College of Life ScienceNorthwest A&F University State Key Laboratory for crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency production College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F University

As one of the main staple cereal crops,wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is cultivated worldwide,commonly in semi-arid or arid climates(Zhou et al.,2020;Mao et al.,2023).However,with increasingly severe weather events associated with global warming,drought stress presents a growing challenge to food security and production,to which arid regions may be especially vulnerable (Lesk et al.,2016;Eckardt et al.,2023).One key step in addressing this threat is to define the plant molecular mechanisms underlying drought stress response in order to improve crop resilience or tolerance to water deficit conditions (Zhang et al.,2021;He et al.,2024).Abscisic acid(ABA) is a key hormone in plants that regulates various physiological and molecular responses under drought stress,such as stomatal closure,gene activation,and cellular protection (Yoshida et al.,2015;Zhang et al.,2021).Essential to plant stress response are core mediators of the ABA signaling pathway,especially SNF1-related protein kinases 2s (SnRK2s) and ABA-response element(ABRE)-binding factors (ABFs)(Fujita et al.,2013;Yoshida et al.,2015).However,as of yet,the role of SnRK2s and ABFs in regulating drought response in wheat is not well ***,our findings show that a TaSnRK2s-TaABF2 regulatory module can enhance tolerance to prolonged water deficit by directly modulating drought-responsive genes.

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Delivery of dsRNA for RNAi in insects： an overview and future directions

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Insect Science 2013年第1期20卷 4-14页

作者： Na yu Olivier Christiaens Jisheng Liu Jinzhi Niu Kaat Cappelle Silvia Caccia Hanneke Huvenne Guy Smagghe department of crop protection Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Coupure links 653 B-9000 Ghent Belgium

RNA interference （RNAi） refers to the process of exogenous double-stranded RNA （dsRNA） silencing the complementary endogenous messenger RNA. RNAi has been widely used in entomological research for functional genomics in a variety of insects and its potential for RNAi-based pest control has been increasingly emphasized mainly because of its high specificity. This review focuses on the approaches of introducing dsRNA into insect cells or insect bodies to induce effective RNAi. The three most common delivery methods, namely, microinjection, ingestion, and soaking, are illustrated in details and their advantages and limitations are summarized for purpose of feasible RNAi research. In this review, we also briefly introduce the two possible dsRNA uptake machineries, other dsRNA delivery methods and the history of RNAi in entomology. Factors that influence the specificity and efficiency of RNAi such as transfection reagents, selection of dsRNA region, length, and stability of dsRNA in RNAi research are discussed for further studies.

关键词： dsRNA uptake ingestion microinjection pest control RNA interference soaking

Dry Matter Partitioning and Harvest Index Differ in Rice Genotypes with Variable Rates of Phosphorus and Zinc Nutrition

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Rice science 2016年第2期23卷 78-87页

作者： Amanullah Inamullah department of Agronomy Faculty of Crop Production Sciences University of Agriculture Peshawar 25130 Pakistan department of Agriculture Extension Malakand Batkhela 23050 Pakistan

Phosphorus （P） and zinc （Zn） deficiencies are the major problems that decrease crop productivity under rice-wheat cropping system. Field experiments were conducted to investigate impacts of P （0, 40, 80 and 120 kg/hm^2） and Zn levels （0, 5, 10 and 15 kg/hm^2） on dry matter （DM） accumulation and partitioning, and harvest index of three rice genotypes ＇fine （Bamati-385） vs. coarse （F-Malakand and Pukhraj）＇ at various growth stages （tiliering, heading and physiological maturity）. The experiments were conducted at farmers＇ field at Batkhela in Northwestern Pakistan for two years in summer 2011 and 2012. The two year pooled data reveled that there were no differences in percent of DM partitioning into leaves and culms with application of different P and Zn levels, and genotypes at tillering. The highest P level （120 kg/hm^2） partitioned more DM into panicles than leaves and culms at heading and physiological maturity stages. The highest Zn level （15 kg/hm^2） accumulated more DM and partitioned more DM into panicles than leaves and culms at heading and physiological maturity stages. The hybrid rice （Pukhraj） produced and partitioned more DM into panicles than F-Malakand and Bamati-385 at heading and physiological maturity stages. Higher DM accumulation and greater amounts of partitioning into panicles at heading and physiological maturity stages was noticed with increase in P and Zn levels, and the increase was significantly higher in the coarse rice genotypes than fine. We concluded that the growing hybrid rice with application of 120 kg/hm^2 P ＋ 15 kg/hm^2 Zn not only increases total DM accumulation and partitioned greater amounts into the reproductive plant parts （panicles） but also results in higher harvest index.

关键词： dry matter partitioning growth stage harvest index phosphorus level rice zinc level

Weed Management in Rainfed Upland Rice Fields under Varied Agro-Ecologies in Nigeria

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Rice science 2022年第4期29卷 328-339页

作者： Oyebanji O.ALAGBO Oluyemisi A.AKINYEMIJU Bhagirath S.CHAUHAN department of crop production and protection Faculty of AgricultureObafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife 220005Nigeria department of crop Soil and Pest ManagementOndo State University of Science and TechnologyOkitipupa 353Ondo-StateNigeria Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation/School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of QueenslandGatton 4343QueenslandAustralia

The demand for rice to meet the dietary need in low-income countries is expected to witness an exponential rise as the population *** the rice demand domestically has remained challenging due to significant yield loss caused by several biotic and abiotic *** these factors,one of the most important is the high weed pressure that ravages the upland rice *** Nigeria,several independent weed control techniques,such as physical,chemical and cultural methods,have been recommended and adopted for weed control across varying rice upland ***,outcomes of these approaches when used independently have not consistently led to an increase in *** remains an outstanding deficit between the actual yield and the potential rice *** review aimed to identify potential research gaps,and quest effective and sustainable weed management strategies in smallholder upland rice farming systems in Nigeria.A critical analysis of studies suggests the potential of sustainable weed management practices if adopted and adapted smartly in different upland ecologies in *** of upland rice against weeds can be enhanced through strategic integration of weed competitive cultivars,optimum nitrogen application timings(within weed-free periods),uniform plant spacing,and high seeding rates,with conventional herbicide/manual weed control ***,such management practices can only be engaged where inputs are supplied on time and the technical know-how is extended to *** review equally highlights potential research gaps for further studies.

关键词： herbicide integrated weed management weed flora tillage practice rainfed upland rice