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Drug-induced mucosal alterations observed during esophagogastroduodenoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第16期30卷 2220-2232页

作者： Masaya Iwamuro Seiji Kawano Motoyuki Otsuka department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Okayama University Graduate School of MedicineDentistryand Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama 700-8558Japan

Several features of drug-induced mucosal alterations have been observed in the upper gastrointestinal tract,i.e.,the esophagus,stomach,and duodenum.These include pill-induced esophagitis,desquamative esophagitis,worsening of gastroesophageal reflux,chemotherapy-induced esophagitis,proton pump inhibitor-induced gastric mucosal changes,medication-induced gastric erosions and ulcers,pseudomelanosis of the stomach,olmesartan-related gastric mucosal inflammation,lanthanum deposition in the stomach,zinc acetate hydrate tabletinduced gastric ulcer,immune-related adverse event gastritis,olmesartan-associated sprue-like enteropathy,pseudomelanosis of the duodenum,and lanthanum deposition in the duodenum.For endoscopists,acquiring accurate knowledge regarding these diverse drug-induced mucosal alterations is crucial not only for the correct diagnosis of these lesions but also for differential diag-nosis of other conditions.This minireview aims to provide essential information on druginduced mucosal alterations observed on esophagogastroduodenoscopy,along with representative endoscopic images.

关键词： Diagnosis Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Non-neoplastic lesions Esophageal lesions Gastric lesions Duodenal lesions

Perceived stress among staff in Saudi Arabian dental colleges before and after an accreditation process: A cross-sectional study

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第4期12卷 758-765页

作者： Amal S Shaiban department of Restorative Dental Science College of DentistryKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61471Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND Accreditation processes are extensively employed to guarantee the quality of higher education institutions.However,this process can potentially generate a stressful atmosphere for staff,thus impacting their ability to perform optimally under pressure.AIM To examine the knowledge of the National Commission for Academic Assessment and Accreditation(NCAAA)and its effects on perceived stress among dental college staff before and after the program accreditation process.METHODS The present cross-sectional questionnaire-based study included 300 employees from three dental colleges.The same employees had to fill out the questionnaire 1 mo after the NCAAA process.RESULTS Approximately 51.33%of the included employees believed that NCAAA is essential to attract quality students to join the program before and after the program.A total of 44.67%felt that their stress was high before,and 31.33%had low stress levels before and after NCAAA.These findings were statistically significant(P≤0.05).CONCLUSION NCAAA raised the prestige of the institution and specific programmes and increased prospects to attract better students,staff,and money,according to the employees.In addition to their needed teaching,research,and other service responsibilities,this work requires a tremendous amount of faculty effort and may cause them stress.

关键词： National Commission for Academic Assessment and Accreditation Accreditation process Perceived stress Staff

WNT7A promotes tumorigenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via activating FZD7/JAK1/STAT3 signaling

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International Journal of Oral Science 2024年第1期16卷 85-96页

作者： Qingling Huang Yi Xiao Ting Lan Youguang Lu Li Huang Dali Zheng department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases School and Hospital of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina department of Preventive dentistry School and Hospital of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina department of dentistry The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina

Wnt signaling are critical pathway involved in organ development, tumorigenesis, and cancer progression. WNT7A, a member of the Wnt family, remains poorly understood in terms of its role and the underlying molecular mechanisms it entails in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). According to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), transcriptome sequencing data of HNSCC, the expression level of WNT7A in tumors was found to be higher than in adjacent normal tissues, which was validated using Real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Unexpectedly, overexpression of WNT7A did not activate the canonical Wnt-β-catenin pathway in HNSCC. Instead, our findings suggested that WNT7A potentially activated the FZD7/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway, leading to enhanced cell proliferation, self-renewal, and resistance to apoptosis. Furthermore, in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor model, high expression of WNT7A and phosphorylated STAT3 was observed, which positively correlated with tumor progression.These findings underscore the significance of WNT7A in HNSCC progression and propose the targeting of key molecules within the FZD7/JAK1/STAT3 pathway as a promising strategy for precise treatment of HNSCC.

关键词： WNT squamous tumorigenesis

Evaluating implicit gender bias at Canadian otolaryngology meetings through use of professional title

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 12-17页

作者： Kylen Van Osch Agnieszka Dzioba Khadija Ahmed Andrew MacDonald Jamila Skinner Harley Williams Julie E.Strychowsky M.Elise Graham department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada department of Otolaryngology London Health Sciences Centre Children's HospitalLondonOntarioCanada Faculty of Medicine Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

Objectives:Increasing numbers of women enter medical school annually.The number of female physicians in leadership positions has been much slower to equalize.There are also well‐documented differences in the treatment of women as compared to men in professional settings.Female presenters are less likely to be introduced by their professional title(“Doctor”)for grand rounds and conferences,especially with a man performing the introduction.This study reviewed the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery(CSOHNS)meetings from 2017 to 2020 to determine the proportion of presenters introduced by their professional title and whether this varied by gender.Methods:Recordings from CSOHNS meetings were reviewed and coded for introducer and presenter demographics,including leadership positions and gender.Chi‐squared tests of proportion and multivariate logistic regression was used to compare genders and identify factors associated with professional versus unprofessional forms of address.Results:No significant association was found between professional title use and introducer or presenter gender.Female presenters were introduced with professional title 69.6%of the time,while male presenters were introduced with professional title 67.6%of the time(P=0.69).Residents were introduced with a professional title with the most frequency(75.8%),while attending staff were introduced with a professional title with the least frequency(63.0%)(P=0.02).Conclusions:The lack of gender bias in speaker introductions at recent CSOHNS meetings demonstrates progress in achieving gender equity in medicine.Research efforts should continue to define additional forms of unconscious bias that may be contributing to gender inequity in leadership positions.

关键词： attitude of health personnel gender identity Otolaryngology women

The Determination of Heritability in palatal Rugae Pattern among Parents and their Off-Springs in Western India-A Cross-sectional Study

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 42-46页

作者： Aishwarya Bhatnagar Sugandha Arya Jyothi S Kumar Aishwarya Arya Kailash Chandra Morya Sudhir Baroopal department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Vyas Dental College and HospitalJodhpurRajasthanIndia department of conservative and Endodontics Vyas Dental College and HospitalJodhpurRajasthanIndia

Background:Palatal rugae are asymmetrical elevations present on hard palate and are significant due to their uniqueness,stability and thus,aid in forensic identification.Objective:The objective is to determine palatal rugae morphology between parents and their offsprings and to determine their genetic inheritance.Materials and Methods:This randomized controlled cross-sectional single-blinded study was conducted on 50 families(randomly selected)who visited Vyas Dental College and Hospital.A total of 150 maxillary study models were examined and rugae were delineated and shape,size,and pattern of rugae were recorded.Results:Weak but significant correlation was seen in the nonspecific and angular type of palatal rugae between child and mother and child and father as P<0.05.Matching with either or both of their parent was seen for curved,wavy,divergent,straight,horseshoe,angular,and nonspecific type of rugae with the higher%of wavy pattern matching(52%with mother and 54%with father).A considerable number of samples showed high heritability of primary and secondary rugae from both parents,but more predominantly to their mothers(branched,nonspecific,and straight).Conclusion:Both environmental and genetic factors can influence the rugae pattern.Further,studies should be conducted on a larger sample size to get more significant results.

关键词： Forensic identification heredity palatal rugae uniqueness

Advances in clinical applications of bioceramics in the new regenerative medicine era

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第11期12卷 1863-1869页

作者： Noha Elshazly Fayza Eid Nasr Ayat Hamdy Safa Saied Mohamed Elshazly Tissue Engineering Laboratory Faculty of DentistryAlexandria UniversityAlexandria 21526Egypt department of Biochemistry Faculty of ScienceAlexandria UniversityAlexandria 21526Egypt Public Dental Clinic Central Administration of DentistryMinistry of Health and PopulationAlexandria 21554Egypt department of Surgery Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAlexandria 21526Egypt

In this editorial,we comment on the hard and soft tissue applications of different ceramic-based scaffolds prepared by different mechanisms such as 3D printing,sol-gel,and electrospinning.The new concept of regenerative medicine relies on biomaterials that can trigger in situ tissue regeneration and stem cell recruitment at the defect site.A large percentage of these biomaterials is ceramic-based as they provide the essential requirements of biomaterial principles such as tailored multisize porosity,antibacterial properties,and angiogenic properties.All these previously mentioned properties put bioceramics on top of the hierarchy of biomaterials utilized to stimulate tissue regeneration in soft and hard tissue wounds.Multiple clinical applications registered the use of these materials in triggering soft tissue regeneration in healthy and diabetic patients such as bioactive glass nanofibers.The results were promising and opened new frontiers for utilizing these materials on a larger scale.The same results were mentioned when using different forms and formulas of bioceramics in hard defect regeneration.Some bioceramics were used in combination with other polymers and biological scaffolds to improve their regenerative and mechanical properties.All this progress will enable a larger scale of patients to receive such services with ease and decrease the financial burden on the government.

关键词： Regenerative medicine Bioceramics Chronic wounds Bone defects Clinical applications

Using microglia-derived extracellular vesicles to capture diversity of microglial activation phenotypes following neurological injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1633-1634页

作者： Austyn D.Roseborough Nikita Ollen-Bittle Shawn NWhitehead Vulnerable Brain Laboratory Department of Anatomy&Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine&DentistryLondonOHCanada

Microglia are one of the three glial cell populations in the central nervous system(CNS),along with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.While microglia are unique among brain cells due to their hematologic origin and perf... 详细信息

关键词： neurological cytes activation

The link between intracellular calcium signaling and exosomal PD-L1 in cancer progression and immunotherapy

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 321-334页

作者： Md Rakibul Alam Md Mizanur Rahman Zhiguo Li department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40506USA department of Medicine(Nephrology) Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6E2H7Canada

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles containing microRNA,RNA,DNA fragments,and proteins that are transferred from donor cells to recipient cells.Tumor cells release exo-somes to reprogram the factors associated with the tumor microenvironment(TME)causing tu-mor metastasis and immune escape.Emerging evidence revealed that cancer cell-derived exosomes carry immune inhibitory molecule program death ligand 1(PD-L1)that binds with re-ceptor program death protein 1(PD-1)and promote tumor progression by escaping immune response.Currently,some FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies are clinicallyused for cancer treatment by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interaction.Despite notable treatment outcomes,some pa-tients show poor drug response.Exosomal PD-L1 plays a vital role in lowering the treatment response,showing resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockage therapy through recapitulating the ef-fect of cell surface PD-L1.To enhance therapeutic response,inhibition of exosomal PD-L1 is required.Calcium signaling is the central regulator of tumorigenesis and can regulate exosome biogenesis and secretion by modulating Rab GTPase family and membrane fusion factors.Im-mune checkpoints are also connected with calcium signaling and calcium channel blockers like amlodipine,nifedipine,lercanidipine,diltiazem,and verapamil were also reported to suppress cellular PD-L1 expression.Therefore,to enhance the PD-1/PD-L1 blockage therapy response,the reduction of exosomal PD-L1 secretion from cancer cells is in our therapeutic consider-ation.In this review,we proposed a therapeutic strategy by targeting calcium signaling to inhibit the expression of PD-L1-containing exosome levels that could reduce the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy resistance and increase the patient's drug response rate.

关键词： Calcium signaling CD8^(+)T cells Exosomal PD-L1 Exosomes biogenesis Immunosuppression Immunotherapy

Connecting cellular mechanisms and extracellular vesicle cargo in traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2119-2131页

作者： Nikita Ollen-Bittle Austyn D.Roseborough Wenxuan Wang Jeng-liang D.Wu Shawn N.Whitehead department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Western UniversityLondonONCanada Schulich School of Medicine and dentistry Western UniversityLondonONCanada Deparment of Clinical Neurological Sciences Western UniversityLondonONCanada

Traumatic brain injury is followed by a cascade of dynamic and complex events occurring at the cellular level. These events include: diffuse axonal injury, neuronal cell death, blood-brain barrier break down, glial activation and neuroinflammation, edema, ischemia, vascular injury, energy failure, and peripheral immune cell infiltration. The timing of these events post injury has been linked to injury severity and functional outcome. Extracellular vesicles are membrane bound secretory vesicles that contain markers and cargo pertaining to their cell of origin and can cross the blood-brain barrier. These qualities make extracellular vesicles intriguing candidates for a liquid biopsy into the pathophysiologic changes occurring at the cellular level post traumatic brain injury. Herein, we review the most commonly reported cargo changes in extracellular vesicles from clinical traumatic brain injury samples. We then use knowledge from animal and in vitro models to help infer what these changes may indicate regrading cellular responses post traumatic brain injury. Future research should prioritize labeling extracellular vesicles with markers for distinct cell types across a range of timepoints post traumatic brain injury.

关键词： axonal injury biomarkers blood-brain barrier chronic traumatic encephalopathy extracellular vesicles glial activation neuroinflammation traumatic brain injury