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Understanding and Detecting Inefficient Image Displaying Issues in Android Apps

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Journal of computer science & technology 2024年第2期39卷 434-459页

作者：李文杰马骏蒋炎岩许畅马晓星 State Key Laboratory of Novel Software technology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China department of computer science and technology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Mobile applications(apps for short)often need to display ***,inefficient image displaying(IID)issues are pervasive in mobile apps,and can severely impact app performance and user *** paper first establishes a descriptive framework for the image displaying procedures of IID *** on the descriptive framework,we conduct an empirical study of 216 real-world IID issues collected from 243 popular open-source Android apps to validate the presence and severity of IID issues,and then shed light on these issues’characteristics to support research on effective issue *** the findings of this study,we propose a static IID issue detection tool TAPIR and evaluate it with 243 real-world Android ***,49 and 64 previously-unknown IID issues in two different versions of 16 apps reported by TAPIR are manually confirmed as true positives,respectively,and 16 previously-unknown IID issues reported by TAPIR have been confirmed by developers and 13 have been ***,we further evaluate the performance impact of these detected IID issues and the performance improvement if they are *** results demonstrate that the IID issues detected by TAPIR indeed cause significant performance degradation,which further show the effectiveness and efficiency of TAPIR.

关键词： Android application(app) inefficient image displaying(IID) performance empirical study static analysis

APF-GAN:Exploring asymmetric pre-training and fine-tuning strategy for conditional generative adversarial network

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第1期10卷 187-192页

作者： Yuxuan Li Lingfeng Yang Xiang Li College of computer science Nankai UniversityTianjinChina School of computer science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjingChina

The use of generative adversarial network(GAN)-based models for the conditional generation of image semantic segmentation has shown promising results in recent ***,there are still some limitations,including limited diversity of image style,distortion of detailed texture,unbalanced color tone,and lengthy training *** address these issues,we propose an asymmetric pre-training and fine-tuning(APF)-GAN model.

关键词： tuning network asymmetric

Malware Evasion Attacks Against IoT and Other Devices: An Empirical Study

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Tsinghua science and technology 2024年第1期29卷 127-142页

作者： Yan Xu Deqiang Li Qianmu Li Shouhuai Xu School of computer science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China School of computer science Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China department of computer science University of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado SpringsCO 80918USA

The Internet of Things(loT)has grown rapidly due to artificial intelligence driven edge *** enabling many new functions,edge computing devices expand the vulnerability surface and have become the target of malware ***,attackers have used advanced techniques to evade defenses by transforming their malware into functionality-preserving *** systematically analyze such evasion attacks and conduct a large-scale empirical study in this paper to evaluate their impact on *** specifically,we focus on two forms of evasion attacks:obfuscation and adversarial *** the best of our knowledge,this paper is the first to investigate and contrast the two families of evasion attacks *** apply 10 obfuscation attacks and 9 adversarial attacks to 2870 malware *** obtained findings are as follows.(1)Commercial Off-The-Shelf(COTS)malware detectors are vulnerable to evasion attacks.(2)Adversarial attacks affect COTS malware detectors slightly more effectively than obfuscated malware examples.(3)Code similarity detection approaches can be affected by obfuscated examples and are barely affected by adversarial attacks.(4)These attacks can preserve the functionality of original malware examples.

关键词： Android malware obfuscation adversarial examples

Federated Meta Reinforcement Learning for Personalized Tasks

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Tsinghua science and technology 2024年第3期29卷 911-926页

作者： Wentao Liu Xiaolong Xu Jintao Wu Jielin Jiang School of computer science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China School of Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

As an emerging privacy-preservation machine learning framework,Federated Learning(FL)facilitates different clients to train a shared model collaboratively through exchanging and aggregating model parameters while raw data are kept local and *** this learning framework is applied to Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL),the resultant Federated Reinforcement Learning(FRL)can circumvent the heavy data sampling required in conventional DRL and benefit from diversified training data,besides privacy preservation offered by *** FRL implementations presuppose that clients have compatible tasks which a single global model can *** practice,however,clients usually have incompatible(different but still similar)personalized tasks,which we called task *** may severely hinder the implementation of FRL for practical *** this paper,we propose a Federated Meta Reinforcement Learning(FMRL)framework by integrating Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning(MAML)and ***,we innovatively utilize Proximal Policy Optimization(PPO)to fulfil multi-step local training with a single round of ***,considering the sensitivity of learning rate selection in FRL,we reconstruct the aggregation optimizer with the Federated version of Adam(Fed-Adam)on the server *** experiments demonstrate that,in different environments,FMRL outperforms other FL methods with high training efficiency brought by Fed-Adam.

关键词： federated learning reinforcement learning meta-learning personalization

Task-specific Part Discovery for Fine-grained Few-shot Classification

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第5期21卷 954-965页

作者： Yongxian Wei Xiu-Shen Wei School of computer science and technology Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China

Localizing discriminative object parts(e.g.,bird head)is crucial for fine-grained classification tasks,especially for the more challenging fine-grained few-shot *** work always relies on the learned object parts in a unified manner,where they attend the same object parts(even with common attention weights)for different few-shot episodic *** this paper,we propose that it should adaptively capture the task-specific object parts that require attention for each few-shot task,since the parts that can distinguish different tasks are naturally *** for a few-shot task,after obtaining part-level deep features,we learn a task-specific part-based dictionary for both aligning and reweighting part features in an ***,part-level categorical prototypes are generated based on the part features of support data,which are later employed by calculating distances to classify query data for *** retain the discriminative ability of the part-level representations(i.e.,part features and part prototypes),we design an optimal transport solution that also utilizes query data in a transductive way to optimize the aforementioned distance calculation for the final *** experiments on five fine-grained benchmarks show the superiority of our method,especially for the 1-shot setting,gaining 0.12%,8.56%and 5.87%improvements over state-of-the-art methods on CUB,Stanford Dogs,and Stanford Cars,respectively.

关键词： Fine-grained image recognition few-shot learning transductive learning visual dictionary part feature discovery

Feature-Grounded Single-Stage Text-to-Image Generation

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Tsinghua science and technology 2024年第2期29卷 469-480页

作者： Yuan Zhou Peng Wang Lei Xiang Haofeng Zhang School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China School of computer science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

Recently,Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have become the mainstream text-to-image(T2I)***,a standard normal distribution noise of inputs cannot provide sufficient information to synthesize an image that approaches the ground-truth image ***,the multistage generation strategy results in complex T2I ***,this study proposes a novel feature-grounded single-stage T2I model,which considers the“real”distribution learned from training images as one input and introduces a worst-case-optimized similarity measure into the loss function to enhance the model's generation *** results on two benchmark datasets demonstrate the competitive performance of the proposed model in terms of the Frechet inception distance and inception score compared to those of some classical and state-of-the-art models,showing the improved similarities among the generated image,text,and ground truth.

关键词： text-to-image(T2I) feature-grounded single-stage generation Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)

A program logic for obstruction-freedom

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Frontiers of computer science 2024年第06期18卷 1-16页

作者： LI Zhao-Hui FENG Xin-Yu School of computer science and technology University of Science and Technology of China department of computer science and technology Nanjing University State Key Laboratory for Novel Software technology Nanjing University

Though obstruction-free progress property is weaker than other non-blocking properties including lock-freedom and wait-freedom, it has advantages that have led to the use of obstruction-free implementations for software transactional memory (STM) and in anonymous and fault-tolerant distributed computing. However, existing work can only verify obstruction-freedom of specific data structures (e.g., STM and list-based algorithms).In this paper, to fill this gap, we propose a program logic that can formally verify obstruction-freedom of practical implementations, as well as verify linearizability, a safety property, at the same time. We also propose informal principles to extend a logic for verifying linearizability to verifying obstruction-freedom. With this approach, the existing proof for linearizability can be reused directly to construct the proof for both linearizability and ***, we have successfully applied our logic to verifying a practical obstruction-free double-ended queue implementation in the first classic paper that has proposed the definition of obstruction-freedom.

关键词： verification program logic progress properties obstruction-freedom concurrent objects

An Empirical Study on Automated Test Generation Tools for Java:Effectiveness and Challenges

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Journal of computer science & technology 2024年第3期39卷 715-736页

作者：刘相君余萍马晓星 State Key Laboratory for Novel Software technology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China department of computer science and technology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China CCF ACM IEEE

Automated test generation tools enable test automation and further alleviate the low efficiency caused by writing hand-crafted test ***,existing automated tools are not mature enough to be widely used by software testing *** paper conducts an empirical study on the state-of-the-art automated tools for Java,i.e.,EvoSuite,Randoop,JDoop,JTeXpert,T3,and *** design a test workflow to facilitate the process,which can automatically run tools for test generation,collect data,and evaluate various ***,we conduct empirical analysis on these six tools and their related techniques from different aspects,i.e.,code coverage,mutation score,test suite size,readability,and real fault detection *** discuss about the benefits and drawbacks of hybrid techniques based on experimental ***,we introduce our experience in setting up and executing these tools,and summarize their usability and ***,we give some insights into automated tools in terms of test suite readability improvement,meaningful assertion generation,test suite reduction for random testing tools,and symbolic execution integration.

关键词： automated test generation search-based software testing random testing symbolic execution

A Survey of Edge Caching:Key Issues and Challenges

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Tsinghua science and technology 2024年第3期29卷 818-842页

作者： Hanwen Li Mingtao Sun Fan Xia Xiaolong Xu Muhammad Bilal School of computer science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Shandong Provincial university Laboratory for Protected Horticulture Weifang University of Science and TechnologyWeifang 262700China Reading Academy Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China School of Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China department of computer Engineering Hankuk University of Foreign StudiesYongin-si 17035Republic of Korea

With the rapid development of mobile communication technology and intelligent applications,the quantity of mobile devices and data traffic in networks have been growing exponentially,which poses a great burden to networks and brings huge challenge to servicing user *** caching,which utilizes the storage and computation resources of the edge to bring resources closer to end users,is a promising way to relieve network burden and enhance user *** this paper,we aim to survey the edge caching techniques from a comprehensive and systematic *** first present an overview of edge caching,summarizing the three key issues regarding edge caching,i.e.,where,what,and how to cache,and then introducing several significant caching *** then carry out a detailed and in-depth elaboration on these three issues,which correspond to caching locations,caching objects,and caching strategies,*** particular,we innovate on the issue“what to cache”,interpreting it as the classification of the“caching objects”,which can be further classified into content cache,data cache,and service ***,we discuss several open issues and challenges of edge caching to inspire future investigations in this research area.

关键词： edge caching edge computing caching location caching object caching strategy 5G networkarchitecture Internet of Things(IoT)