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Neuroscience Bulletin 2013年第3期29卷 381-389页

作者： Michela Balconi Laboratory of cognitive psychology Department of Psychology Catholic University of Sacred Heart

The ability to recall and recognize facts we experienced in the past is based on a complex mechanism in which several cerebral regions are implicated. Neuroimaging and lesion studies agree in identifying the frontal lobe as a crucial structure for memory processes, and in particular for working memory and episodic memory and their relationships. Furthermore, with the introduction of transcranial magnetic stimulation （TMS） a new way was proposed to investigate the relationships between brain correlates, memory functions and behavior. The aim of this review is to present the main findings that have emerged from experiments which used the TMS technique for memory analysis. They mainly focused on the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in memory process. Furthermore, we present state-of-the-art evidence supporting a possible use of TMS in the clinic. Specifically we focus on the treatment of memory deficits in depression and anxiety disorders.

关键词： transcranial magnetic stimulation dorsolateral prefrontal cortex memory working memory anxiety depression

The age of synthesis:From cognitive science to converging technologies and hereafter

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第6期56卷 465-475页

作者： CAI ShuShan1,2 1 department of psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China 2 Center for psychology and cognitive Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China department of psychology Tsinghua University Center for psychology and cognitive Science Tsinghua University

This paper describes the development of two of the most important scientific disciplines in the last quarter of the 20th century, cognitive science, which emerged in 1975, and nano-bio-info-cogno (NBIC) converging technologies, which emerged in 2000. In this century, we will achieve cross-disciplinary integration, innovation in comprehensive knowledge and comprehensive devel opment in human resources. NBIC converging technologies will greatly expand human cognition and communication, improve human health, enhance social outcomes, strengthen national security and unify science and education. cognitive science and converging technologies will have major effects on the future human development. I argue that the 21st century represents an age of synthesis, reflected in the continual reintegration between scientific disciplines in recent times. This new age of synthesis will require innovations in thought and methodology that differ from those underlying the age of analysis in the 20th century. I predict that these developments will allow every individual to realize comprehensive development. Accordingly, the education system will be transformed, and a comprehensive human resources system will be created.

关键词：认知科学融合技术化学合成教育系统人力资源人类健康生物信息综合知识

Differential Kinematic Encoding of Saccades and Smooth-pursuit Eye Movements by Fastigial Neurons

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第8期38卷 927-932页

作者： Zongpeng Sun Peter W.Dicke Peter Thier School of psychology Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an710062China department of cognitive Neurology Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research72076TübingenGermany

Dear Editor,Saccades and smooth-pursuit eye movements(SPEMs)are two categories of eye movements with very different kinematics,in particular very different acceleration and velocity ranges,differences that have contributed to the notion of largely segregated underlying neuronal circuits.For instance,it has been suggested that distinct wellsegregated pools of oculomotor vermis(OMV)Purkinje cells(PCs)are specialized for the fine-tuning of the relevant kinematic parameters characterizing each of them.

关键词： pursuit specialized instance

Ontogeny of vocal rhythms in harbor seal pups: an exploratory study

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 107-120页

作者： Andrea RAViGNANi Christopher T. Kello Koen de Reus Sonja A KoTz Simone Dalla BELLA Margarita Mendez-Arostegui Beatriz Rapado-Tamarit Ana Rubio-Garcia Bart de BoER Research department Sealcentre Pieterburen Pieterburen The Netherlands Artificial Intelligenee Lab Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium cognitive and Information Sciences University of California Merced CA USA Basic and Applied NeuroDynamics Lab Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands department of Neuropsychology Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany International Laboratory for Brain Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) Montreal QC Canada department of psychology University of Montreal Montreal QC Canada Department of Cognitive Psychology WSFiZ in Warsaw Warsaw Poland

Puppyhood is a very active social and vocal period in a harbor seal's life Ph oca vitulina. An important feature of vocalizations is their temporal and rhythmic structure, and understanding vocal timing and rhythms in harbor seals is critical to a cross-species hypothesis in evolutionary neuroscience that links vocal learning, rhythm perception, and synchronization. This study utilized analytical techniques that may best capture rhythmic structure in pup vocalizations with the goal of examining whether (1) harbor seal pups show rhythmic structure in their calls and (2) rhythms evolve over time. Calls of 3 wild-born seal pups were recorded daily over the course of 1-3 weeks;3 temporal features were analyzed using 3 complementary techniques. We identified temporal and rhythmic structure in pup calls across different time windows. The calls of harbor seal pups exhibit some degree of temporal and rhythmic organization, which evolves over puppyhood and resembles that of other species' in teractive comm un icati on. We suggest n ext steps for investigating call structure in harbor seal pups and propose comparative hypotheses to test in other pinniped species.

关键词： bioacoustics pinnipeds rhythm timing vocal development

Enhancing pain modulation: the efficacy of synchronous combination of virtual reality and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

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General Psychiatry 2023年第6期36卷 501-511页

作者： Yanzhi Bi Xu Liu Xiangyue Zhao Shiyu Wei Jingwei Li Faguang Wang Wenbo Luo Li Hu CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina department of psychology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Research Center of Brain and cognitive Neuroscience Liaoning Normal UniversityDalianLiaoningChina School of Inteligent Manufacturing Wenzhou PolytechnicWenzhouZhejangChina Key Laboratory of Brain and cognitive Neuroscience DalianLiaoningChina

Introduction Virtual reality(VR)and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS)have emerged as effective interventions for pain reduction.However,their standalone applications often yield limited analgesic effects,particularly in certain painful conditions.Aims Our hypothesis was that the combination of VR with TENS in a synchronous manner could produce the best analgesic effect among the four experimental conditions.Methods To address this challenge,we proposed a novel pain modulation strategy that synchronously combines VR and TENS,aiming to capitalise on both techniques'complementary pain modulation mechanisms.Thirty-two healthy subjects participated in the study and underwent three types of interventions:VR alone,a combination of VR with conventional TENS,and a combination of VR with synchronous TENS.Additionally,a control condition with no intervention was included.Perceived pain intensity,pain unpleasantness,positive and negativeaffect scores,and electroencephalographic(EEG)data were collected before and after the interventions.To delve into the potential moderating role of pain intensity on the analgesic efficacy of VR combined with synchronous TENS,we incorporated two distinct levels of painful stimuli:one representing mild to moderate pain(ie,low pain)and the other representing moderate to severe pain(ie,high pain).Results Our findings revealed that both combination interventions exhibited superior analgesic effects compared with the VR-alone intervention when exposed to low and high pain stimuli.Notably,the combination of VR with synchronous TENS demonstrated greater analgesic efficacy than the combination of VR with conventional TENS.EEG data further supported these results,indicating that both combination interventions elicited a greater reduction in event-related potential magnitude compared with the VR-alone intervention during exposure to low and high pain stimuli.Moreover,the synchronous combination intervention induced a more significant reduction in N2 amplitude than the VR-alone intervent

关键词： pain stimulation alone

Role of rumination in the relationship between metacognition and shyness

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2018年第4期8卷 108-113页

作者： Sara Palmieri Giovanni Mansueto Simona Scaini Francesca Fiore Sandra Sassaroli Giovanni M Ruggiero Rosita Borlimi Bernardo J Carducci Studi Cognitivi Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center department of psychology Sigmund Freud University Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Ricerca Cognitive Psychotherapy School Shyness Research Institute Indiana University Southeast

AIM To explore the association between metacognitive beliefs, rumination and shyness in a non-clinical sample of adults. METHODS One hundred and three healthy subjects from the general population were enrolled in the study. Shyness was evaluated using the Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale, rumination was assessed using the Ruminative Response Scale, metacognition was evaluated using the MetaCognitions Questionnaire 30, and anxiety levels were measured using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y. Correlation analyses, mediation models and 95% bias-corrected and accelerated(BCaCI) bootstrapped analyses were performed. Mediation analyses were adjusted for sex and anxiety. RESULTS Shyness, rumination and metacognition were significantly correlated(P cognitive strategy for shy people. Future research should explore the relationship between these constructs in more depth.

关键词： Social anxiety Shyness Rumination Postevent Metacognitive beliefs

Reliability and validity of generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale in early pregnant women

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Reproductive and Developmental Medicine 2022年第4期6卷 249-253页

作者： Li-Li Gong Xiao-Long Xie Si-Tong Liu Wei-Hong Hu Yu-Jie Niu Yi Sun Jun-Sheng Liu Xian Xia department of Obstetrics Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200011China School of psychology and cognitive Science East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the structural reliability and validity of generalized anxiety disorder 7-item(GAD-7)scale in early pregnant women.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,30,823 patients in early pregnancy registered in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University completed the GAD-7 scale and patient health questionnaire-9 item(PHQ-9).The discriminative ability,reliability,construct validity,and criterion validity were assessed to evaluate the psychometric properties and factor structures.Items with a discrimination parameter(α)of0.40 in two or more factors simultaneously were deleted from the scale.Results:All GAD-7 scale items exhibited a high discrimination power.The reliability of the GAD-7 scale was good(Cronbach’s alpha coefficient=0.891).Exploratory factor analysis extracted one factor with eigenvalues of greater than 1.0,which explained 61.930%of the common variance.Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the one-factor structure fitted the data well.The correlation coefficient with the PHQ-9 was 0.639.Conclusion:The Chinese version of the GAD-7 scale can be used as a screening tool for early pregnant women.It performs well in terms of discriminative ability,reliability,construct validity,and criterion validity.Pregnant women who screen positive may require more attention and investigation to confirm the presence of generalized anxiety disorder.

关键词： Reliability Validity GAD-7 PHQ-9 Early pregnancy

What can atypical language hemispheric specialization tell us about cognitive functions?

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2015年第2期31卷 220-226页

作者： Qing Cai Lise Van der Haegen Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics School of Psychology and Cognitive Science East China Normal University department of Experimental psychology Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences Ghent University

Recent studies have made substantial progress in understanding the interactions between cognitive functions, from language to cognitive control, attention, and memory. However, dissociating these functions has been hampered by the close proximity of regions involved, as in the case in the prefrontal and parietal cortex. In this article, we review a series of studies that investigated the relationship between language and other cognitive functions in an alternative way - by examining their functional （co-）lateralization. We argue that research on the hemispheric lateralization of language and its link with handedness can offer an appropriate starting- point to shed light on the relationships between different functions. Besides functional interactions, anatomical asymmetries in non-human primates and those underlying language in humans can provide unique information about cortical organization. Finally, some open questions and criteria are raised for an ideal theoretical model of the cortex based on hemispheric specialization.

关键词： functional lateralization hemispheric specialization language production cognitive functions co-lateralization

Rapid Unconscious Acquisition of Conditioned Fear with Low-Spatial-Frequency but Emotionally Neutral Stimuli

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 753-762页

作者： Yujie Chen Si Chen Zhongju Sun Xilei Zhang Xiangyong Yuan Liang Wang Yi Jiang State Key Laboratory of Brain and cognitive Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyInstitute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China department of psychology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing 102206China CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

It has long been proposed that emotionally“prepared”(i.e.,fear-related)stimuli are privileged in the unconscious acquisition of conditioned fear.However,as fear processing is suggested to highly depend on the coarse,low-spatial-frequency(LSF)components of the fear-related stimuli,it is plausible that LSF may play a unique role in the unconscious fear conditioning even with emotionally neutral stimuli.Here,we provided empirical evidence that,following classical fear conditioning,an invisible,emotionally neutral conditioned stimulus(CS+)with LSF,but not with high spatial frequency(HSF),can rapidly elicit stronger skin conductance responses(SCRs)and larger pupil diameters than its CS−counterpart.In comparison,consciously perceived emotionally neutral CS+with LSF and HSF elicited comparable SCRs.Taken together,these results support that the unconscious fear conditioning does not necessarily entail emotionally prepared stimuli but prioritizes LSF information processing and highlight the crucial distinctions between the unconscious and the conscious fear learning.These findings not only coincide with the postulation that a rapid,spatial-frequency-dependent subcortical route is engaged in unconscious fear processing but also suggest the existence of multiple routes for conscious fear processing.

关键词： neutral necessarily diameters

Polygalasaponin F protects hippocampal neurons against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第1期17卷 178-184页

作者： Chong Sun Xin-Cheng Cao Zhi-Yang Liu Chao-Lin Ma Bao-Ming Li Laboratory of cognitive Function and Disorder Institute of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina Institute of Brain Science and department of psychology School of EducationHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina

Excess extracellular glutamate leads to excitotoxicity,which induces neuronal death through the overactivation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors(NMDARs).Excitotoxicity is thought to be closely related to various acute and chronic neurological disorders,such as stroke and Alzheimer’s disease.Polygalasaponin F(PGSF)is a triterpenoid saponin monomer that can be isolated from Polygala japonica,and has been reported to protect cells against apoptosis.To investigate the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of PGSF against glutamateinduced cytotoxicity,PGSF-pretreated hippocampal neurons were exposed to glutamate for 24 hours.The results demonstrated that PGSF inhibited glutamate-induced hippocampal neuron death in a concentration-dependent manner and reduced glutamate-induced Ca^(2+)overload in the cultured neurons.In addition,PGSF partially blocked the excess activity of NMDARs,inhibited both the downregulation of NMDAR subunit NR2A expression and the upregulation of NMDAR subunit NR2B expression,and upregulated the expression of phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element-binding protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.These findings suggest that PGSF protects cultured hippocampal neurons against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity by regulating NMDARs.The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care Committee of Nanchang University(approval No.2017-0006)on December 29,2017.

关键词： BDNF Ca^(2+)homeostasis excitotoxicity glutamate hippocampal neurons pCREB polygalasaponin F neuroprotection NR2A NR2B