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Acoustic and visual adaptations to predation risk: a predator affects communication in vocal female fish

Current Zoology 2022年第2期68卷 149-157页

作者： Isabelle Pia MAIDITSCH Friedrich LADICH department of Behavioral and cognitive biology University of ViennaAlthanstraBe 14Vienna 1090Austria

Predation is an important ecological constraint that influences communication in animals.Fish respond to predators by adjusting their visual signaling behavior,but the responses in calling behavior in the presence of a visually detected predator are largely unknown.We hypothesize that fish will reduce visual and acoustic signaling including sound levels and avoid escalating fights in the presence of a predator.To test this we investigated dyadic contests in female croaking gouramis(Trichopsis vittata,Osphronemidae)in the presence and absence of a predator(Astronotus ocella-tus,Cichlidae)in an adjoining tank.Agonistic behavior in T.vittata consists of lateral(visual)displays,antiparallel circling,and production of croaking sounds and may escalate to frontal displays.We analyzed the number and duration of lateral display bouts,the number,duration,sound pressure level,and dominant frequency of croaking sounds as well as contest outcomes.The number and duration of lateral displays decreased significantly in predator when compared with nopredator trials.Total number of sounds per contest dropped in parallel but no significant changes were observed in sound characteristics.In the presence of a predator,dyadic contests were decided or terminated during lateral displays and never escalated to frontal displays.The gouramis showed approaching behavior toward the predator between lateral displays.This is the first study supporting the hypothesis that predators reduce visual and acoustic signaling in a vocal fish.Sound properties,in contrast,did not change.Decreased signaling and the lack of escalating contests reduce the fish's conspicuousness and thus predation threat.

关键词： agonistic interactions antipredator behavior croaking gouramis predator inspection signaling behavior

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Alteration of the temporal association between courtship audio and visual components affects female sexual response

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第4期18卷 720-735页

作者： Clémentine MITOYEN Cliodhna QUIGLEY Virginie CANOINE Silvia COLOMBO Simon WÖLFL Leonida FUSANI department of Behavioral and cognitive biology University of ViennaAustria Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology University of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria Vienna cognitive Science Hub University of ViennaViennaAustria

Some multimodal signals-that is,occurring in more than one sensory modality-appear to carry additional information which is not present when component signals are presented separately.To understand the function of male ring dove’s(Streptopelia risoria)multimodal courtship,we used audiovisual playback of male displays to investigate female response to stimuli differing in their audiovisual timing.From natural courtship recordings,we created a shifted stimulus where audio was shifted relative to video by aﬁxed value and a jittered stimulus,where each call was moved randomly along the visual channel.We presented 3 groups of females with the same stimulus type,that is,control,shifted,and jittered,for 7 days.We recorded their behavior and assessed pre-and post-test blood estradiol concentration.We found that playback exposure increased estradiol levels,conﬁrming that this technique can be efﬁciently used to study doves’sexual communication.Additionally,chasing behavior(indicating sexual stimulation)increased over experimental days only in the control condition,suggesting a role of multimodal timing on female response.This stresses the importance of signal conﬁguration in multimodal communication,as additional information is likely to be contained in the temporal association between modalities.

关键词： artiﬁcial stimulus audiovisual synchronization multisensory playback signal timing temporal conﬁguration

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Dynamic structural neuroplasticity during and after epileptogenesis in a pilocarpine rat model of epilepsy

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Acta Epileptologica 2021年第1期3卷 15-23页

作者： Soomaayeh Heysieattalab Leila Sadeghi Division of cognitive Neuroscience University of TabrizTabrizIran department of Animal biology Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of TabrizTabriz 51666-16471Iran

Background:The role of neuroplasticity in epilepsy has been widely studied in experimental models and human brain samples.However,the results are contradictory and it remains unclear if neuroplasticity is more related to the cause or the consequence of epileptic seizures.Clarifying this issue can provide insights into epilepsy therapies that target the disease mechanism and etiology rather than symptoms.Therefore,this study was aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of structural plasticity in a pilocarpine rat model of epilepsy.Methods:A single acute dose of pilocarpine(380 mg/kg,i.p.)was injected into adult male Wistar rats to induce status epilepticus(SE).Animal behavior was monitored for 2 h.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate neurogenesis in the CA3 and dentate gyrus(DG)regions of hippocampus using biomarkers Ki67 and doublecortin(DCX).The Golgi-Cox method was performed to analyze dendritic length and complexity.All experiments were performed in control rats(baseline),at 24 h after SE,on day 20 after SE(latent phase),after the first and 10th spontaneous recurrent seizures(SRS;chronic phase),and in non-epileptic rats(which did not manifest SRS 36 days after pilocarpine injection).Results:SE significantly increased the number of Ki67 and DCX-positive cells,suggesting neurogenesis during the latent phase.The dendritic complexity monitoring showed that plasticity was altered differently during epilepsy and epileptogenesis,suggesting that the two processes are completely separate at molecular and physiological levels.The numbers of spines and mushroom-type spines were increased in the latent phase.However,the dendritogenesis and spine numbers did not increase in rats that were unable to manifest spontaneous seizures after SE.Conclusion:All parameters of structural plasticity that increase during epileptogenesis,are reduced by spontaneous seizure occurrence,which suggests that the development of epilepsy involves maladaptive plastic changes.Therefore,the maladaptive plasticity biomarkers can b

关键词： Epileptogenesis Neuroplasticity Spine numbers Dendritic complexity Neurogenesis

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Telomere shortening is associated with corticosterone stress response in adult barn swallows

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Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 93-101页

作者： Alessandra COSTANZO Roberto AMBROSINI Marco PAROLINI Manuela CAPRIOLI Simona SECOMANDI Diego RUBOLINI Leonida FUSANI Virginie CANOINE department of Environmental Science and Policy University of Milanvia Celoria 26I-20133 MilanItaly department of Behavioral and cognitive biology University of ViennaAlthanstr.141090 ViennaAustria Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaSavoyenstr.1a1160 ViennaAustria

When vertebrates face stressful events,the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal(HPA)axis is activated,generating a rapid increase in circulating glucocorticoid(GC)stress hormones followed by a return to baseline levels.However,repeated activation of HPA axis may lead to increase in oxidative stress.One target of oxidative stress is telomeres,nucleoprotein complexes at the end of chromosomes that shorten at each cell division.The susceptibility of telomeres to oxidizing molecules has led to the hypothesis that increased GC levels boost telomere shortening,but studies on this link are scanty.We studied if,in barn swallows Hirundo rustica,changes in adult erythrocyte telomere length between 2 consecutive breeding seasons are related to corticosterone(CORT)(the main avian GC)stress response induced by a standard capture-restraint protocol.Within-individual telomere length did not significantly change between consecutive breeding seasons.Second-year individuals showed the highest increase in circulating CORT concentrations following restraint.Moreover,we found a decline in female stress response along the breeding season.In addition,telomere shortening covaried with the stress response:a delayed activation of the negative feedback loop terminating the stress response was associated with greater telomere attrition.Hence,among-individual variation in stress response may affect telomere dynamics.

关键词： allostasis corticosterone Hirundo rustica stress response telomere

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Propagation of TDP-43 proteinopathy in neurodegenerative disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第7期17卷 1498-1500页

作者： Rachel Keszycki Pouya Jamshidi Allegra Kawles Grace Minogue Margaret E.Flanagan Colleen R.Zaccard M-Marsel Mesulam Tamar Gefen Changiz Geula Mesulam Center for cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA department of Pathology Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA department of Physiology Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA department of Cell and Developmental biology Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA

Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by disruptions to neuronal function and circuitry,leading to a variety of clinical syndromes depending on the affected neuroanatomic regions(Geula,1998).Many proteinopathies implicated in neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the pathologic accumulation of proteins into inclusions that are initially deposited in specific areas of the brain and spread widely with disease progression.

关键词： degenerative disorders clinical

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HDAC6 regulates lipid droplet turnover in response to nutrient deprivation via p62-mediated selective autophagy

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2019年第4期46卷 221-229页

作者： Yan Yan Hao Wang Chuanxian Wei Yuanhang Xiang Xuehong Liang Chung-Weng Phang Renjie Jiao Sino-French Hoffmann Institute School of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical University The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University State Key Laboratory of Brain and cognitive Science Institute of BiophysicsThe Chinese Academy of Sciences department of Chemistry and biology National University of Defense Technology

Autophagy has been evolved as one of the adaptive cellular processes in response to stresses such as nutrient deprivation. Various cellular cargos such as damaged organelles and protein aggregates can be selectively degraded through autophagy. Recently, the lipid storage organelle, lipid droplet(LD), has been reported to be the cargo of starvation-induced autophagy. However, it remains largely unknown how the autophagy machinery recognizes the LDs and whether it can selectively degrade LDs. In this study, we show that Drosophila histone deacetylase 6(dHDAC6), a key regulator of selective autophagy, is required for the LD turnover in the hepatocyte-like oenocytes in response to starvation. HDAC6 regulates LD turnover via p62/SQSTM1(sequestosome 1)-mediated aggresome formation, suggesting that the selective autophagy machinery is required for LD recognition and degradation. Furthermore, our results show that the loss of dHDAC6 causes steatosis in response to starvation. Our findings suggest that there is a potential link between selective autophagy and susceptible predisposition to lipid metabolism associated diseases in stress conditions.

关键词： HDAC6 Lipid droplets Metabolic adaption Drosophila p62/SQSTM1 Selective autophagy

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Biologging is suspect to cause corneal opacity in two populations of wild living Northern Bald Ibises (Geronticus eremita)

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Avian Research 2020年第4期11卷 412-420页

作者： Johannes Fritz Barbara Eberhard Corinna Esterer Bernhard Goenner Daniela Trobe Markus Unsoeld Bernhard Voelkl Helena Wehner Alexandra Scope Waldrappteam LIFE Northern Bald Ibis6162 MuttersAustria department of Behavioural and cognitive biology University of ViennaViennaAustria Veterinary University Vienna ViennaAustria University of Bern Vetsuisse FacultyBernSwitzerland Bavarian State Collection of Zoology MunichGermany

Background:In this paper,we present evidence that biologging is strongly correlated with eye irritation,with sometimes severely impairing effects.A migratory population of the Northern Bald Ibis(Geronticus eremita,NBI)is reintroduced in Europe,in course of a LIFE+project.Since 2014,all individuals have been equipped with GPS-devices.Remote monitoring allows the implementation of focussed measures against major mortality causes.Methods:Initially all birds carried battery-powered devices,fixed on the lower back of the birds.Since 2016 an increasing amount of birds has been equipped with solar-powered devices,fixed on the upper back,the more sunexposed position.In 2016,we observed opacity in the cornea of one eye(unilateral corneal opacity;UCO)during a regular health monitoring for the first time.Results:By 2018,a total of 25 birds were affected by UCO,with varying intensity up to blindness.Clinical examination of the birds revealed no clear cause for the symptoms.However,only birds carrying a device on the upper back were affected(2017 up to 70%of this group).In contrast,none of the birds carrying devices on the lower back ever showed UCO symptoms.This unexpected relationship between tagging and UCO was discovered in 2017.After we took countermeasures by removing the device or repositioning it on the lower back,we observed an immediate reduction of the incidence rate without any new cases reported since January 2019.NBI roost with their head on the back,one eye closely placed to the device if it was positioned on the upper back.Thus,we conclude that the most parsimonious explanation for the symptomatology is either a repetitive slight temperature rise in the corneal tissue due to electromagnetic radiation by the GSM module of the device or a repetitive slight mechanical irritation of the corneal surface.Concrete evidence is missing so far.Meanwhile,cases of UCO were found in another NBI population.Conclusion:Our observations indicate that further research in the fast-growing field of biologging is urgently needed.T

关键词： Blindness Electromagnetic radiation Endangered bird species Eye opacity GPS-devices Mechanical irritation Reintroduction Solar-powered

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Sex differences in color discrimination and serial reversal learning in mollies and guppies

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Current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 323-332页

作者： Theodora FUSS Klaudia WITTE Research Group of Ecology and Behavioral biology Institute of Biology Department of Chemistry and Biology University of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57076 Siegen Germany

Behavioral flexibility provides an individual with the ability to adapt its behavior in response to environmental changes. Studies on mammals, birds, and teleosts indicate greater behavioral flexibility in females. Conversely, males appear to exhibit greater behavioral persistenee. We, therefore, investigated sex differences in behavioral flexibility in 2 closely related molly species (Poecilia latipinna, P. mexicana) and their more distant relative, the guppy P. reticulata by comparing male and female individuals in a serial, visual reversal learning task. Fish were first trained in color discrimination, which was quickly learned by all females (guppies and mollies) and all molly males alike. Despite continued training over more than 72 sessions, male guppies did not learn the general test procedure and were, therefore, excluded from further testing. Once the reward contingency was reversed serially, molly males of both species performed considerably better by inhibiting their previous response and reached the learning criterion sign讦icantly faster than their respective con specific females. Moreover, Atlantic molly males clearly outperformed all other individuals (males and females) and some of them even reached the level of 1-trial learning. Thus, the apparently un iversal pattern of higher female behavioral flexibility seems to be in verted in the 2 examined molly species, although the evolutionary account of this pattern remains highly speculative. These findings were complemented by the observed lower neophobia of female sailfin mollies compared with their male con specifics. This sex differe nee was not observed in Atlantic mollies that were observed to be sigrdficantly less distressed in a novel situation than their consexuals. Hypothetically, sex differences in behavioral flexibility can possibly be explained in terms of the different roles that males and females play in mating competition, mate choice, and reproduction or, more gen erally, in complex social in teractio ns. Each of these characteristics

关键词： behavioural and cognitive flexibility colour discrimination neophobia serial reversal learning/Poecilia mexicana and Poecilia latipinna Poecilia reticulata

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Ecdysone and Insulin Signaling Play Essential Roles in Readjusting the Altered Body Size Caused by the dGPAT4 Mutation in Drosophila

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2015年第9期42卷 487-494页

作者： Yan Yan Hao Wang Hanqing Chen Anya Lindstrm-Battle Renjie Jiao State Key Laboratory of Brain and cognitive Science Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences department of Chemistry and biology National University of Defense Technology Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology School of Basic Sciences Guangzhou Medical University

Body size is one of the features that distinguish one species from another in the biological world. Animals have developed mechanisms to control their body size during normal development. However, how animals cope with genetic alterations and/or environmental stresses to develop into normal-sized adults remain poorly understood. The ability of the animals to develop into a normal-sized adult after the challenges of genetic alterations and/or environmental stresses reveals a robustness of body size control. Here we show that the mutation of dGPAT4, a de novo synthase of lysophosphatidic acid, is a genetic alteration that triggers such a robust response of the animals to body size challenges in Drosophila. Loss of dGPAT4 leads to a severe delay of development, slow growth and resultant small-sized animals during the larval stages, but results in normal-sized adult flies. The robust body size adjustment of the dGPAT4 mutant is likely achieved by corresponding changes in ecdysone and insulin signaling, which is also manifested by compromised food intake. Thus, we propose that a strategy has been evolved by the animals to reach final body size when challenged by genetic alterations, which requires the coordinated ecdysone and insulin signaling.

关键词： Body size Robustness Insulin Ecdysone dGPAT4

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Invasive ant learning is not affected by seven potential neuroactive chemicals

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 87-97页

作者： Henrique Galante Tomer J.Czaczkes department of Zoology and Evolutionary biology Animal Comparative Economics LaboratoryUniversity of Regensburg93053 Regensburg Germany

Argentine ants Linepithema humile are one of the most damaging invasive alien species worldwide.Enhancing or disrupting cognitive abilities,such as learning,has the potential to improve management efforts,for example by increasing preference for a bait,or improving ants'ability to learn its characteristics or location.Nectar-feeding insects are often the victims of psychoactive manipulation,with plants lacing their nectar with secondary metabolites such as alkaloids and non-protein amino acids which often alter learning,foraging,or recruitment.However,the effect of neuroactive chemicals has seldomly been explored in ants.Here,we test the effects of seven potential neuroactive chemicals-two alkaloids:caffeine and nicotine;two biogenic amines:dopamine and octopamine,and three nonprotein amino acids:β-alanine,GABA and taurineon the cognitive abilities of invasive L.humile using bifurcation mazes.Our results confirm that these ants are strong associative learners,requiring as little as one experience to develop an association.However,we show no short-term effect of any of the chemicals tested on spatial learning,and in addition no effect of caffeine on short-term olfactory learning.This lack of effect is surprising,given the extensive reports of the tested chemicals affecting learning and foraging in bees.This mismatch could be due to the heavy bias towards bees in the literature,a positive result publicationbias,ordifferences inmethodology.

关键词： associativelearning caffeine memory neuroactivechemicals

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