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Event segmentation in ADHD:neglect of social information and deviant theta activity point to a mechanism underlying ADHD

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General psychiatry 2024年第3期37卷 431-439页

作者： Astrid Prochnow Xianzhen Zhou Foroogh Ghorbani Veit Roessner Bernhard Hommel Christian Beste Cognitive Neurophysiology Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryFaculty of MedicineTU DresdenDresdenGermany Faculty of Psychology Shandong Normal UniversityJinanShandongChina

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is one of the most frequently diagnosed psychiatric conditions in children and *** the symptoms appear to be well described,no coherent conceptual mechanistic framework integrates their occurrence and variance and the associated problems that people with ADHD *** The current study proposes that altered event segmentation processes provide a novel mechanistic framework for understanding deficits in *** adolescents with ADHD and neurotypically developing(NT)peers watched a short movie and were then asked to indicate the boundaries between meaningful segments of the *** recorded electroencephalography(EEG)data were analysed for differences in frequency band activity and effective connectivity between brain *** Compared with their NT peers,the ADHD group showed less dependence of their segmentation behaviour on social information,indicating that they did not consider social information to the same extent as their unaffected *** divergence was accompanied by differences in EEG theta band activity and a different effective connectivity network architecture at the source ***,NT adolescents primarily showed error signalling in and between the left and right fusiform gyri related to social information processing,which was not the case in the ADHD *** the ADHD group,the inferior frontal cortex associated with attentional sampling served as a hub instead,indicating problems in the deployment of attentional *** This study shows that adolescents with ADHD perceive events differently from their NT peers,in association with a different brain network architecture that reflects less adaptation to the situation and problems in attentional sampling of environmental *** results call for a novel conceptual view of ADHD,based on event segmentation theory.

关键词： instead meaningful primarily

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Association of preschool children behavior and emotional problems with the parenting behavior of both parents

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World Journal of clinical Cases 2024年第6期12卷 1084-1093页

作者： Su-Mei Wang Shuang-Qin Yan Fang-Fang Xie Zhi-Ling Cai Guo-Peng Gao Ting-Ting Weng Fang-Biao Tao department of child Health Ma’anshan Maternal and Child Health CenterMa’anshan 243011Anhui ProvinceChina department of Maternal Child and Adolescent HealthSchool of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032Anhui ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Parental behaviors are key in shaping children’s psychological and behavioral development,crucial for early identification and prevention of mental health issues,reducing psychological trauma in *** To investigate the relationship between parenting behaviors and behavioral and emotional issues in preschool *** From October 2017 to May 2018,7 kindergartens in Ma’anshan City were selected to conduct a parent self-filled questionnaire-Health Development Survey of Preschool ***’s Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire(Parent Version)was applied to measures the children’s behavioral and emotional *** behavior was evaluated using the Parental Behavior *** logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between the detection rate of preschool children’s behavior and emotional problems and their parenting *** High level of parental support/participation was negatively correlated with conduct problems,abnormal hyperactivity,abnormal total difficulty scores and abnormal prosocial behavior *** level of maternal support/participation was negatively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms and abnormal peer interaction in *** level of parental hostility/coercion was positively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms,abnormal conduct problems,abnormal hyperactivity,abnormal peer interaction,and abnormal total difficulty scores in children(all Pchildren compared with maternal parenting behaviors(all P>0.05),after calculating ratio of odds ratio *** Our study found that parenting behaviors are associated with behavioral and emotional issues in preschool ***,the more supportive or involved the parents are,the fewer behavioral and emotional problems the children experience;conversely,the more hostile or contro

关键词： children Preschool age Parenting Behavioral Parenting problems

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Psychiatric outcomes in outpatients affected by long COVID:A link between mental health and persistence of olfactory complaint

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World Journal of psychiatry 2024年第4期14卷 507-512页

作者： Victoria Metelkina-Fernandez Louise-Emilie Dumas Clair Vandersteen David Chirio Auriane Gros Arnaud Fernandez Florence Askenazy Valeria Manera department of psychiatry Nice University HospitalNice 06000France department of child and adolescent psychiatry UniversitéCôte d’AzurNice 06200France ENT Head and Neck InstituteNice 06100France department of Infectiology Nice University HospitalNice 06200France department of Orthophony UniversitéCôte d’AzurNice 06100France Cobtek UniversitéCôte d’AzurNice 06100France

BACKGROUND Anosmia was one of the main symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).A psychiatric history(i.e.,depression)may be an independent contributor to the risk of COVID-19 diagnosis,and COVID-19 survivors appear to have an increased risk of neuropsychiatric sequelae(bidirectional association).AIM To compare the rate of psychiatric disorder among post-COVID patients without anosmia vs patients with persistent olfactory *** We conducted a prospective case control study from March 2020 to May *** recruited at the ENT department of Nice University Hospital had a subjective olfactory complaint(visual analogue scale)for over 6 wk and a molecular or CT-proven severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 diagnosis confirmed by ***-COVID patients without persistent olfactory disorders were recruited at the university hospital infectiology *** medical histories were collected by a psychiatrist during the *** Thirty-four patients with post-COVID-19 olfactory complaints were included in the first group of the *** percent of the patients were female(n=17).The group’s mean age was 40.5±12.9 *** control group included 32 participants,of which 34.4%were female(n=11),and had a mean age of 61.2±12.2 *** rate of psychiatric disorder among post-COVID patients with olfactory complaints was significatively higher(41.7%)than among patients without(18.8%)(χ2=5.9,P=0.015).CONCLUSION The presence of a psychiatric history may constitute a potential risk factor for the development of long COVID due to persistent *** therefore seems important to establish reinforced health monitoring after a COVID 19 infection in at-risk *** prospective,translational,and collaborative studies are needed to extrapolate these results to the general population.

关键词： COVID-19 Anosmia psychiatry Stress Neuroplasticity Psychiatric history

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Injury Mortality of children and adolescents Aged 0–19 Years—China,2010–2021

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China CDC weekly 2024年第14期6卷 294-299,I0001-I0006页

作者： Jingtao Zhou Min Zhao Hao Huang David C.Schwebel Peishan Ning Zhenzhen Rao Peixia Cheng Li Li Guoqing Hu department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyXiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangsha CityHunan ProvinceChina department of Psychology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA department of child Adolescent and Women’s HealthSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina National clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha CityHunan ProvinceChina

Introduction:To examine the recent trends in child injury mortality in ***:Injury mortality data of 2010–2021 for children and adolescents aged 0–19 years were from the China Health Statistics *** mortality disparities across urban *** locations,gender,and age groups were *** percent change(APC),average annual percent change(AAPC),and their 95%confidence intervals(95%CI)were estiamted usimg Joinpoint regression ***:The age-standardized injury mortality significantly dropped from 21.87 to 9.41 per 100,000 population among children and youth aged 0–19 years during 2010–2021,with an AAPC of−6.7%(95%CI:−8.2%,−5.2%).The urban-rural disparity and gender gap in injury mortality reduced *** 2021,drowning and road traffic crashes were the top two causes of child injury deaths,explaing 31.1%and 27.9%of total injury deaths,*** accounted for 62.3%of injury deaths among infants younger than a ***,the suicide mortality rate rose from 2.16 to 3.42 per 100,000 population between 2010 and 2021 among teenagers aged 15–19 *** analyses yielded similar ***:During 2010–2021,the injury mortality decreased significantly among Chinese children and adolescents,and the responding urbanrural disparities narrowed.

关键词： injury younger narrow

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Identification of male schizophrenia patients using brain morphology based on machine learning algorithms

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World Journal of psychiatry 2024年第6期14卷 804-811页

作者： Tao Yu Wen-Zhi Pei Chun-Yuan Xu Chen-Chen Deng Xu-Lai Zhang department of clinical Nutrition Hefei Fourth People’s HospitalHefei 230032Anhui ProvinceChina department of psychiatry Hefei Fourth People’s HospitalHefei 230032Anhui ProvinceChina department of Gynaecology Anhui Maternal and Child Health HospitalHefei 230032Anhui ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disease,and its prevalence is ***,diagnosis of early-stage schizophrenia is still considered a challenging *** To employ brain morphological features and machine learning method to differentiate male individuals with schizophrenia from healthy *** The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and t tests were applied to select important features from structural magnetic resonance images as input features for *** commonly used machine learning algorithms,the general linear model,random forest(RF),k-nearest neighbors,and support vector machine algorithms,were used to develop the classification *** performance of the classification models was evaluated according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).RESULTS A total of 8 important features with significant differences between groups were considered as input features for the establishment of classification models based on the four machine learning *** to other machine learning algorithms,RF yielded better performance in the discrimination of male schizophrenic individuals from healthy controls,with an AUC of *** Our research suggests that brain morphological features can be used to improve the early diagnosis of schizophrenia in male patients.

关键词： Schizophrenia Machine learning Classification Structure Magnetic Resonance imaging

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Embracing different languages and local differences:Coconstructive patient simulation strengthens host countries’clinical training in psychiatry

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World Journal of psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 111-118页

作者： Şafak ErayÇamlı Büşra Ece Yavuz Meliha Feyza Gök Idil Yazgan Yanki Yazgan Ayelet Brand-Gothelf Doron Gothelf Doron Amsalem Andrés Martin department of child and adolescent psychiatry Bursa UludağUniversity Faculty of MedicineBursa 16059 Turkey Yale University School of Medicine New HavenCT 06510United States Güzel Günler Clinic Beşiktaş/İstanbul 34335 Turkey child Study Center Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States The Feinberg child Study Center Schneider Children's Medical Center of IsraelTel Aviv UniversityPetach Tikvah 4920235Israel The child psychiatry Division Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s HospitalSheba Medical CenterTel HashomerRamat Gan 52561Israel Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel department of psychiatry Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNY 10032United States

BACKGROUND Global education in psychiatry is heavily influenced by knowledge from Western,high-income countries,which obscures local voices and *** To adapt a human simulation model to psychiatric education in a context that is specific to local languages and *** We conducted an observational study consisting of six human simulation sessions with standardized patients from two host countries,speaking their native languages,and following an adaptation of the co-constructive patient simulation(CCPS)*** local faculty became increasingly familiar with the CCPS approach,they took on the role of facilitators—in their country’s native *** Fifty-three learners participated:19 child and adolescent psychiatry trainees and 3 faculty members in Türkiye(as a group that met online during 3 consecutive months);and 24 trainees and 7 faculty in Israel(divided into 3 groups,in parallel in-person sessions during a single training day).Each of the six cases reflected local realities and clinical challenges,and was associated with specific learning goals identified by each case-writing *** Human simulation has not been fully incorporated into psychiatric education:The creation of immersive clinical experiences and the strengthening of reflective practice are two areas ripe for *** adaptations of CCPS can also strengthen local and regional networks and psychiatric communities of ***,the model can help question and press against hegemonies in psychiatric training that overshadow local expertise.

关键词： Human simulation Standardized patients Medical education Psychiatric education Capacity building Local languages

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Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia patients caused by downregulation of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor subunits

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World Journal of psychiatry 2024年第6期14卷 784-793页

作者： Xi Chen Ya-Nan Zhou Xiao-Zi Lu Ren-Jiao Li Yi-Fan Xiong Xia Sheng Wei-Wei Zhu department of child and adolescent Psychiatric Brain Hospital of Hunan ProvinceThe Second People’s Hospital of Hunan ProvinceChangsha 410007Hunan ProvinceChina department of psychiatry Qingdao Mental Health CenterQingdao 266034Shandong ProvinceChina department of psychiatry Brain Hospital of Hunan ProvinceThe Second People’s Hospital of Hunan ProvinceChangsha 410007Hunan ProvinceChina department of Sleep Disorders and Neurosis Brain Hospital of Hunan ProvinceThe Second People’s Hospital of Hunan ProvinceChangsha 410007Hunan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The expression pattern of gamma aminobutyric acid(GABA)receptor subunits are commonly altered in patients with schizophrenia,which may lead to nerve excitation/inhibition problems,affecting cognition,emotion,and *** To explore GABA receptor expression and its relationship with schizophrenia and to provide insights into more effective *** This case-control study enrolled 126 patients with schizophrenia treated at our hospital and 126 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examinations at our hospital during the same *** expression levels of the GABA receptor subunits were detected using 1H-magnetic resonance *** recognized cognitive battery tool,the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery,was used to evaluate the scores for various dimensions of cognitive *** correlation between GABA receptor subunit downregulation and schizophrenia was also *** Significant differences in GABA receptor subunit levels were found between the case and control groups(P0.05).CONCLUSION Downregulation of the GABA receptor subunits is positively correlated with *** other words,when GABA receptor subunits are downregulated in patients,cognitive impairment becomes more severe.

关键词： Cognitive function Schizophrenia Downregulation Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunits Correlation

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Deciding on life-saving treatment after a violent suicide attempt:an ethical case report

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General psychiatry 2024年第2期37卷 289-291页

作者： Robert Wichers Hanna M Heller Sisco van Veen department of child and adolescent psychiatry&Psychosocial Care Amsterdam University Medical CenterLocation AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands Amsterdam Public Health Mental Health programAmsterdamThe Netherlands department of Hospital psychiatry Amsterdam University Medical CenterLocation VUmcAmsterdamThe Netherlands Research department 113 Suicide PreventionAmsterdamThe Netherlands department of psychiatry&department of Ethics Law and HumanitiesAmsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands GGZ inGeest Mental Health Care AmsterdamThe Netherlands

To the editor:In the USA alone,there were 1.7 million suicide attempts in 2021.1 Although the majority of suicide attempts are not fatal,immediate medical attention is often necessary,especially when violent methods are used.2 These methods include jumping from heights,using a firearm,crashing a motor vehicle,and lying down or jumping in front of a moving object.

关键词： treatment editor alone

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Deliberate self-harm among pediatric psychiatric inpatients in China:A single-center retrospective study

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World Journal of psychiatry 2024年第3期14卷 398-408页

作者： Xing-Zhi Jiang Huan-Huan Li Zhen-Zhen Yu Chen Wang department of child and adolescent psychiatry Shenzhen Kangning HospitalShenzhen Mental Health CenterShenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare and Shenzhen Institute of Mental HealthShenzhen 518020Guangdong ProvinceChina department of psychiatry Xiamen Xianyue HospitalXiamen 361012Fujian ProvinceChina department of Geriatric Medicine Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116000Liaoning ProvinceChina department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical CollegeXiamen 361000Fujian ProvinceChina department of Neurology and department of Neuroscience The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamen 361000Fujian ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND For children and adolescents,deliberate self-harm(DSH)is becoming a mental health problem of *** several studies on the prevalence and factors of DSH in the world,there is little information on DSH among children and adolescents in *** study explores the prevalence,types,associated risk factors and tendency of DSH in pediatric psychiatric inpatients in *** To understand the situation of DSH among hospitalized children and adolescents and its related *** In this study,we retrospectively studied 1414 hospitalized children and adolescents with mental illness at Xiamen Mental Health Center from 2014 to 2019,extracted the demographic and clinical data of all patients,and analyzed clinical risk factors of *** A total of 239(16.90%)patients engaged in at least one type of DSH in our ***(n=115,48.12%)was the most common type of ***(n=171,71.55%)were more likely to engage in DSH than males(n=68,28.45%).DSH was positively associated with depressive disorders[OR=3.845(2.196-6.732);P<0.01],female[OR=2.536(1.815-3.542);P<0.01],parental marital status[OR=5.387(2.254-12.875);P<0.01]and negative family history of psychiatric illness[OR=7.767(2.952-20.433);P<0.01],but not with occupation,substance use and history of physical *** Our findings suggest that for patients with depression,females,an abnormal marriage of parents,and no history of mental illness,attention should be paid to the occurrence of DSH.

关键词： Deliberate self-harm children adolescent Psychiatric inpatients Retrospective study

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Interaction between adolescent sleep rhythms and gender in an obese population

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World Journal of clinical Cases 2024年第1期12卷 86-94页

作者： Nan-Nan Wu Guo-Li Yan Hong-Yu Zhang Ling Sun Min Hou Guang-Ming Xu department of Laboratory Medicine Tianjin Chest HospitalTianjin 300222China Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin Anding HospitalTianjin 300222China department of child and adolescent Psychology Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300222China

BACKGROUND The obesity rate of adolescents is gradually increasing,which seriously affects their mental health,and sleep plays an important role in adolescent *** To investigate the relationship between sleep rhythm and obesity among adolescents and further explores the interactive effect of sleep rhythm and gender on adolescent obesity,providing a theoretical basis for developing interventions for adolescent *** Research data source Tianjin Mental Health Promotion Program for *** April to June 2022,this study selected 14201 students from 13 middle schools in a certain district of Tianjin as the research subject using the convenient cluster sampling *** these students,13374 accepted and completed the survey,with an effective rate of 94.2%.The demographic data and basic information of adolescents,such as height and weight,were collected through a general situation *** sleep rhythm of adolescents was evaluated using the reduced version of the morningness-eveningness *** A total of 13374 participants(6629 females,accounting for 49.56%;the average age is 15.21±1.433 years)were *** them,the survey showed that 2942 adolescent were obesity,accounting for 22%and 2104 adolescent were overweight,accounting for 15.7%.Among them,1692 male adolescents are obese,with an obesity rate of 25.1%,higher than 18.9%of female *** is a statistically significant difference between the three groups(χ2=231.522,Pchild,have residential experience within six months,have family economic poverty,and have evening-type sleep(Padolescent ***-type sleep rhythm can increase the risk of obesity in male adoles

关键词： adolescent Obesity Sleep rhythm Gender Interaction

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