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Moving past the rhetoric： Policy considerations that can make Sino-African relations to improve Africa＇s climate change resilience and the attainment of the sustainable development goals

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2016年第4期7卷 253-263页

作者： Dumisani CHIRAMBO department of civil and public law with references to law of europe and the environment Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergCottbus 03046Germany

Climate change is a threat to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) in sub-Saharan Africa as its impacts can lead to increased incidences of poverty and inequality which can subsequently lead to a 12% decline in the Human Development Index(HDI) for subSaharan Africa. Emerging countries such as China have the potential to support Africa to achieve the SDGs by pioneering Southe South Climate Finance(SSCF) modalities. In order to increase knowledge on climate informed development and the role of China in global climate governance, the paper examined various research articles, case studies, policy briefs and project reports. Sino-African aid, investments and trade were noted as essential in mitigating Africa's climate change vulnerabilities which induce poverty traps and inequality. Some African countries were noted to have a comparative advantage in environmental standards over China but lacked the initiative to use this comparative advantage to enhance the Forum on Chinae Africa Cooperation(FOCAC) and assist China to have a sustainable growth trajectory. The paper concludes that SSCF modalities can enhance climate risk management in Africa if they focus on improving financial inclusion and improving climate finance flows towards climate change adaptation activities in Africa. Additionally, to increase the effectiveness and impact of Chinese climate finance support to Africa, African policymakers should not allow political and market forces to decide how climate related support from China should be allocated as decisions based on political and market forces could potentially promote an inequitable distribution of funds and ignore the most vulnerable countries and regions.

关键词： Climate risk management Financial inclusion Food security Forum on China-Africa Cooperation(FOCAC) Microfinance Youth unemployment

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Effect of helmet-wearing regulation on electric-bike riders:a case study of two cities in China

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Transportation Safety and environment 2024年第3期6卷 62-70页

作者： Wenxin Ma Zhiyong Liu Ruimin Li department of civil Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Traffic and Transportation Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China

Objectives:Electric bikes(e-bikes)are widely used for commuting and delivery in *** the rapid increase in e-bikes on the road,related accidents have become crucial issues threatening the *** research aims to explore the protective effect of helmet-wearing regulation and to investigate some factors influencing head injury with reference to two case cities in China,obtaining information to protect e-bike ***:The traffic police-reported crash data cover the periods before and after the implementation of helmet-wearing regulations in Taizhou(with data from 2017 to 2019)and Nanning(with data in 2020)of *** statistical analysis,logistic regression and chi-square test with a Bonferroni correction were applied in the ***:A lack of helmets was common among victims in the context of a high helmet-wearing rate among general e-bike riders in Taizhou,indicating that fatality could be avoided to some extent by wearing ***,helmet wearing could reduce the probability of suffering fatal head injury by 6.4%.After the regulation implementation in Taizhou,the proportion of fatal head injuries decreased from 89%to 79%,remaining at a high level,which indicates that other measures in addition to helmet-wearing regulations should be *** to the results from Nanning,mandatory regulation worked more effectively than encouraged regulation in terms of reducing head ***:Mandatory helmet-wearing regulations are highly recommended to policymakers to reduce head injury among e-bike *** in addition to helmet-wearing regulation,*** law-abiding awareness and improving road infrastructure,should be considered to further protect e-bike riders.

关键词： e-bike safety accident analysis helmet-wearing regulation head injury

Deep learning for cross-region streamflow and flood forecasting at a global scale

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 99-109页

作者： Binlan Zhang Chaojun Ouyang Peng Cui Qingsong Xu Dongpo Wang Fei Zhang Zhong Li Linfeng Fan Marco Lovati Yanling Liu Qianqian Zhang State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Resilience Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Data Science in Earth Observation Technical University of Munich80333 MunichGermany State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China department of civil Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonON L8S 4L8Canada Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu 610225China

Streamflow and flood forecasting remains one of the long-standing challenges in *** physically based models are hampered by sparse parameters and complex calibration procedures particularly in ungauged *** propose a novel hybrid deep learning model termed encoder-decoder double-layer long short-term memory(ED-DLSTM)to address streamflow forecasting at global scale for all(gauged and ungauged)*** historical datasets,ED-DLSTM yields a mean Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient(NSE)of 0.75 across more than 2,000 catchments from the United States,Canada,Central europe,and the United Kingdom,highlighting improvements by the state-of-the-art machine learning over traditional hydrologic ***,ED-DLSTM is applied to 160 ungauged catchments in Chile and 76.9%of catchments obtain NSE>0 in the best *** interpretability of cross-region capacities of ED-DLSTM are established through the cell state induced by adding a spatial attribute encoding module,which can spontaneously form hydrological regionalization effects after performing spatial coding for different *** study demonstrates the potential of deep leaning methods to overcome the ubiquitous lack of hydrologic information and deficiencies in physical model structure and parameterization.

关键词： forecasting flood flow

Threats to Niger-Delta Wetlands: A Case Study of Apoi Creek Forest

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Open Journal of Ecology 2021年第2期11卷 136-147页

作者： Iwebuke Edo Eike Albrecht Faculty 5 Business Law and Social Sciences Department of Civil Law and Public Law with Reference to the Law of Europe and the Environment Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg (BTU) Germany

Wetlands are essential subsystem of the general ecosystem with so many functions;like purification and sustenance of ground and surface water resources on earth, and its numerous services that it offers to animal, plant, human (local communities) and the nation’s economy at large. The issue of wetland degradation and wetland loss started when the world was seeing wetlands as unproductive, unhealthy land full of snakes and crocodiles. Niger Delta wetland ecosystem is a very rich and important ecosystem in Nigeria, it harbours some endemic spices both flora and fauna, a hotspot for biodiversity and it is of high economic value for the local communities. This paper reviews that changes have occurred in the study area and the Niger Delta wetlands. The changes were identified to be as a result of human activities (anthropogenic activities) and the ongoing environmental pressure resulting from the large scale oil exploration and exploitation, pipeline installation, urban expansion and agriculture. These were identified as some of the major threats to Apoi creek forest wetland. These findings were obtained after analysing the data obtained which helped to raise awareness that can assist to effectively monitor, protect and conserve the wetland ecosystem.

关键词： Wetland Biodiversity Niger-Delta Ecosystem

热浪加剧中国空气污染:气候、能源与环境的交织机制（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2024年第17期 2765-2775页

作者：陈天舒王韬薛丽坤 Guy Brasseur department of civil and environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University environment Research Institute Shandong University Big Data Research Center for Ecology and environment Shandong University environmental Modelling Group Max Planck Institute for Meteorology National Center for Atmospheric Research

Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of heatwaves, raising concerns about their detrimental effects on air quality. However, a role for heatwave-human-environment interactions in air pollution exacerbation has not been established. In the summer of 2022, record-breaking heatwaves struck China and europe. In this study, we use integrated observational data and machine learning to elucidate the formation mechanism underlying one of the most severe ozone pollution seasons on record in central eastern China, an area that encompasses approximately half of China's total population and sown *** findings reveal that the worsened ozone and nitrogen dioxide pollution resulted from a mismatch between energy demand and supply, which was driven by both heatwaves and energy policy-related factors. The observed adverse heatwave-energy-environment feedback loop highlights the need for the diversification of clean energy sources, more resilient energy structures and power policies, and further emission control to confront the escalating climate challenge in the future.

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Adaptive Governance and Managing Resilience to Natural Hazards

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2011年第4期2卷 1-14页

作者： Riyanti Djalante Cameron Holley Frank Thomalla department of environment and Geography Macquarie UniversitySydney 2109Australia Faculty of law University of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia

The increasing frequency, intensity, and severity of natural hazards is one of the most pressing global environmental change problems. From the local to the global level, governments and civil society need to increase resilience to these hazards. Despite what is now a very sizeable literature on designing governance systems to produce resilience, a substantial gap in the natural hazards scholarship remains because most studies have lacked grounding in comparable theories on governing for resilience. This article contributes to interdisciplinary research on the conceptual understanding of the interlinkages of adaptive governance(AG), resilience, and disaster risk reduction(DRR). Through better understanding of diversity of terminology, terms, and characteristics, we take a step forward towards mutual learning and intellectual experimentation between the three concepts. Our review shows that there are four characteristics of AG that are important to help increase resilience to natural hazards. These are polycentric and multilayered institutions, participation and collaboration, self-organization and networks, and learning and innovation. The article examines the development, tradeoffs, and benefits that arise from the implementation of the AG characteristics, and reviews their influence on resilience. Hazard and disaster case studies are then examined to see how each AG characteristic is viewed and implemented in disaster contexts. Based on this analysis, the contributions of AG to the DRR literature are identified, before outlining the implications for theory and further research.

关键词： disaster mutual terminology

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The Legal Aspect of Waste Management in Cameroon with Focus on the Buea Municipality

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Journal of Geoscience and environment Protection 2022年第8期10卷 9-23页

作者： Eike Albrecht Agbortoko M. Ayuk Nkem Enow Ernest department of environmental law and law of europe Centre for Law and Administration BTU Cottbus Germany department of Geaography University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Waste production remains an inevitable part of human activity on earth. The history of waste reveals that high levels of urbanisation, sustained urban growth and increasing residential neighbourhoods remain commensurate to poor sanitation and quality of life if proper measures are not taken. This paper therefore examines the legal practices involved in waste management and to understand the challenges faced as well as propose solutions towards an improved waste management system. The work constitutes mainly secondary source data that includes the existing laws on waste management in Cameroon and other documents relating to waste from different ministries. The residents of Buea and workers of the waste management company were interviewed to get their views on waste management in Buea. Also, field observations were made to compare results with field realities. The collected data was analysed using the content analysis and descriptive techniques. Results obtained proved that there exist well stated laws for waste management in Cameroon. However, there is poor implementation of the existing laws with evidence of waste littering within neighbourhoods and along the streets. This study concludes that there should be proper sensitization of the public about existing laws and to strengthen the waste management process with use of the laws. An all-integrated approach with active community participation was recommended as a way out towards sustainable waste management in Buea.

关键词： Waste Management Legal Buea Municipality Sustainability environment

The governance framework for renewable energy and the building sector in China

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Journal of Chongqing University 2012年第1期11卷 26-35页

作者：夏青塞巴 United Nations environment Programme-Tongji Institute of environment for Sustainable Development Tongji University College of environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University department of civil and public law Brandenburg University of Technology

Renewable energy and building in the People's Republic of China are (besides the transport sector) two of the most challenging areas when it comes to sustainable development yet among the strongest prospects of establishing synergies in total green house gas emission *** any kind of development or advancement in those sectors can only take place within the political and legal governance framework of the People's Republic of *** such governance framework naturally does offer incentives and also poses challenges to local and national initiatives and sustainability as a sum of all industrious *** it is the Government's goal to develop a world-class renewable energy *** building and construction may well serve as tools for promoting and mainstreaming sustainability and sustainable use of *** in China governance is understood strictly in a top down *** is time to empower the energy and building sectors and normal citizens alike to take the lead in preserving and creating a healthy living environment in the People's Republic of *** sustainable housing and renewable energy integration,decisive strategic policy support from the central and local governments is essential.

关键词： government structure governance framework building and energy policy sustainable development

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Application of American civil Action to public Interest Action in environmental Protection of China

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and environment 2006年第4期4卷 59-61页

作者： Ye Suping,Li Yanshun department of law,Suzhou University,Suzhou,Jiangsu,215021,China department of law Suzhou University Suzhou Jiangsu 215021 China

Economic development has made a negative impact on the ***,our proceedings on public interest action are almost blank,causing many of the cases related to the environmental protection to be rejected by the court for the reason that the prosecutors fail to provide enough ***,we can take the *** of civil action for reference to improve our public interest action while employing proxy *** measures can be included as follows:relax the plaintiff qualifications;establish the necessary lead procedures;invert the responsibility of providing evidence.

关键词： environmental protection civil action public interest action