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What We Measure Matters:The Case of the Missing Development Data in Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Monitoring

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第6期12卷 779-789页

作者： Ksenia Chmutina Jason von Meding Vicente Sandoval Michael Boyland Giuseppe Forino Wesley Cheek Darien Alexander Williams Claudia Gonzalez-Muzzio Isabella Tomassi Holmes Páez Victor Marchezini School of Architecture.Building and civil engineering.Loughborough University Loughborough LEU 3TU.UK Florida Institute of Built Environment Resilience.University of Florida Gainesville.FL 32661USA Disaster research Unit(DRU) Freie Universitiit Berlin12165 Berlin.Germany Stockholm Environment Institute Asia.Bangkok 10330.Thailand School of Geography University of NottinghamNottingham NG72RD.UK Institute of Disaster mitigation for Urban Cultural Heritage Ritsumeikan University.Kyoto 603-8341Japan department of Urban Studies and Planning Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)CambridgeMA 02142USA Amhito Consultores Limitada.3565202 Santiago Chile Laboratoire Triangle Lyon.Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon 69342 Rhone-AlpesFrance department of civil engineering.Pontificia Universidad Javeriana 110231 BogotaColombia National Centre for Monitoring and Warning of Natural Disasters(CEMADEN).Sao Jose dos Campos SP 12247016Brazil

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015−2030’s(SFDRR)framing moved away from disaster risk as a natural phenomenon to the examination of the inequality and injustice at the root of human vulnerability to hazards and ***,its achievements have not seriously challenged the long-established capitalist systems of oppression that hinder the development leading to disaster risk *** article is an exploratory mapping exercise of and a collective reflection on Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)and SFDRR indicators-and their use in measuring progress towards disaster risk reduction(DRR).We highlight that despite the rhetoric of vulnerability,the measurement of progress towards DRR remains event/*** argue that the measurement of disaster risk could be greatly enhanced by the integration of development data in future iterations of global DRR frameworks for action.

关键词： Development dynamics Disaster risk root causes Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction Sustainable development goals

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GIS-based Evaluation on the Fault Motion-Induced Coseismic Landslides

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第5期9卷 601-612页

作者： Ming-Wey HUANG Chien-Yuan CHEN Tzu-Hsiu WU Chi-Ling CHANG Sheu-Yien LIU Ching-Yun KAO Taiwan Science & Technology center for Disaster Reduction Sindian City Taipei County 231 Chinese Taipei Taiwan Chiayi University Department of Civil & Water Resources Engineering Chiayi City 60004 Chinese Taipei Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Institute of Industrial Safety & Disaster Prevention Tainan City 71710 Chinese Taipei

Earthquake-induced potential landslides are commonly estimated using landslide susceptibility maps. Nevertheless, the fault location is not identified and the ground motion caused by it is unavailable in the map. Thus, potential coseismic landslides for a specific fault motion-induced earthquake could not be predicted using the map. It is meaningful to incorporate the fault location and ground motion characteristics into the landslide predication model. A new method for a specific fault motion-induced coseismic landslide prediction model using GIS （Geographic Information System） is proposed herein. Location of mountain ridges, slope gradients over 45~, PVGA （Peak Vertical Ground Accelerations） exceeded o.15 g, and PHGA （Peak Horizontal Ground Accelerations） exceeded o.25 g of slope units were representing locations that initiated landslides during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. These coseismic landslide characteristics were used to identify areas where landslides occurred during Meishan fault motion-induced strong ground motions in Chiayi County in Taiwan. The strong ground motion （over 8 Gal in the database, 1 Gal = 0.0l m/s2, and 1 g = 981 GaD characteristics were evaluated by the fault length, site distance to the fault, and topography, and their attenuation relations are presented in GIS. The results of the analysis show that coseismic landslide areas could be identified promptly using GIS. The earthquake intensity and focus depthhave visible effects on ground motion. The shallower the focus depth, the larger the magnitude increase of the landslides. The GIS-based landslide predication method is valuable combining the geomorphic characteristics and ground motion attenuation relationships for a potential region landslide hazard assessment and in disaster mitigation planning.

关键词： Coseismic landslide GIS Chi-Chiearthquake

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Probabilistic Performance-Based Optimum Seismic Design Framework: Illustration and Validation

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2019年第9期120卷 517-543页

作者： Yong Li Joel P.Conte Philip E.Gill department of civil and Environmental engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 1H9Canada department of Structural engineering University of CaliforniaSan Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA 92093USA department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaSan Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA 92093USA

In the field of earthquake engineering,the advent of the performance-based design philosophy,together with the highly uncertain nature of earthquake ground excitations to structures,has brought probabilistic performance-based design to the forefront of seismic *** order to design structures that explicitly satisfy probabilistic performance criteria,a probabilistic performance-based optimum seismic design(PPBOSD)framework is proposed in this paper by extending the state-of-the-art performance-based earthquake engineering(PBEE)*** is traditionally used for risk evaluation of existing or newly designed structural systems,thus referred to herein as forward PBEE *** contrast,its use for design purposes is limited because design is essentially a more challenging inverse *** address this challenge,a decision-making layer is wrapped around the forward PBEE analysis procedure for computer-aided optimum structural design/retrofit accounting for various sources of *** this paper,the framework is illustrated and validated using a proof-of-concept problem,namely tuning a simplified nonlinear inelastic single-degreeof-freedom(SDOF)model of a bridge to achieve a target probabilistic loss hazard *** this purpose,first the forward PBEE analysis is presented in conjunction with the multilayer Monte Carlo simulation method to estimate the total loss hazard curve efficiently,followed by a sensitivity study to investigate the effects of system(design)parameters on the probabilistic seismic performance of the *** proposed PPBOSD framework is validated by successfully tuning the system parameters of the structure rated for a target probabilistic seismic loss hazard *** PPBOSD framework provides a tool that is essential to develop,calibrate and validate simplified probabilistic performance-based design procedures.

关键词： Performance-based seismic design optimum seismic design forward PBEE analysis inverse PBEE analysis uncertainty quantification hazard deaggregation

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Dynamic behaviors and mitigation measures of a train passing through windbreak transitions from ground to cutting

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Journal of Central South University 2022年第8期29卷 2675-2689页

作者： CHEN Zheng-wei LIU Tang-hong GUO Zi-jian HUO Xiao-shuai LIWen-hui XIAYu-tao department of civil and Environmental engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education School of Traffic&Transportation EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410075China Joint International research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety Changsha 410075China National&Local Joint engineering research center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle Changsha 410075China

In this paper,the effects of a right-angle windbreak transition(RWT)from the flat ground to cutting on train aerodynamic and dynamic responses were investigated,then a mitigation measure,an oblique structure transition(OST)was proposed to reduce the impact of RWT on the train aerodynamic and dynamic *** results showed that in the RWT region,the airflow was divided into two *** part of the airflow induced a strong backflow in the flat ground position,and the other part of the airflow induced a strong backflow in the cutting ***,there were two lateral impacts on the *** the head car with the OST,the drop ratios of the peak-to-peak values compared with RWT were 47%,40%,and 52%for the side force coefficient C_(Fy),lift force coefficient C_(Fz) and overturning moment coefficient C_(Mx),*** the peak-to-peak value of the dynamic parameters,the drop ratios of OST compared with RWT were all larger than 50%.The maximum dynamic overturning coefficients for RWT and OST were 0.75 and 0.3,respectively.

关键词： high-speed train windbreak wall crosswind CFD train aerodynamics vehicle system dynamics

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Spatial flood susceptibility mapping using an explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)model

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 8-19页

作者： Biswajeet Pradhan Saro Lee Abhirup Dikshit Hyesu Kim Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems(CAMGIS) School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering&ITUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSW 2007Australia Earth Observation center Institute of Climate ChangeUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKMBangiSelangorMalaysia Geoscience Data center Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources(KIGAM)124 Gwahang-noYuseong-guDaejeon 34132South Korea department of Resources engineering Korea University of Science and Technology217 Gajeong-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34113South Korea department of Astronomy Space Science and GeologyChungnam National University99 Daehak-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34134South Korea

Floods are natural hazards that lead to devastating financial losses and large displacements of *** susceptibility maps can improve mitigation measures according to the specific conditions of a study *** design of flood susceptibility maps has been enhanced through use of hybrid machine learning and deep learning *** these models have achieved better accuracy than traditional models,they are not widely used by stakeholders due to their black-box *** this study,we propose the application of an explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)model that incorporates the Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)model to interpret the outcomes of convolutional neural network(CNN)deep learning models,and analyze the impact of variables on flood susceptibility *** study was conducted in Jinju Province,South Korea,which has a long history of flood *** performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC),which showed a prediction accuracy of 88.4%.SHAP plots showed that land use and various soil attributes significantly affected flood susceptibility in the study *** light of these findings,we recommend the use of XAIbased models in future flood susceptibility mapping studies to improve interpretations of model outcomes,and build trust among stakeholders during the flood-related decision-making process.

关键词： Flood susceptibility Explainable AI Deep learning South Korea

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An efficient flood dynamic visualization approach based on 3D printing and augmented reality

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第11期13卷 1302-1320页

作者： Guoyong Zhang Jianhua Gong Yi Li Jun Sun Bingli Xu Dong Zhang Jieping Zhou Ling Guo Shen Shen Bingxiao Yin National engineering research center for Geoinformatics Aerospace Information Research Institute(AIR)Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingPeople’s Republic of China Zhejiang-CAS Application center for Geoinformatics ZhejiangPeople’s Republic of China Jiaxing Hetu Remote Sensing Technology Co. LtdZhejiangPeople’s Republic of China Management engineering department Hebei Vocational College of Rail TransportationHebeiPeople’s Republic of China Academy of Army Armored Forces BeijingPeople’s Republic of China

Flood visualization is an effective and intuitive tool for representing flood information from abstract spatiotemporal *** the growing demand for flood disaster visualizations and mitigation,augmented flood visualizations that support decision makers’perspectives are needed,which can be enhanced by emerging augmented reality(AR)and 3D printing *** paper proposes an innovative flood AR visualization method based on a 3D-printed terrain model and investigates essential techniques,such as the suitable size calculation of the terrain models,the adaptive processing of flood data,and hybridizing virtual flood and terrain models.A prototype experimental system(PES)based on the proposed method and a comparison experimental system(CES)based on a virtual terrain are developed to conduct comparative experiments,which combine the system performance and questionnaire method to evaluate the efficiency and usability of the proposed *** statistical results indicate that the method is useful for assisting participants in understanding the flood hazard and providing a more intuitive and realistic visual experience compared with that of the traditional AR flood visualization *** frame rate is stable at 60 frames per second(FPS),which means that the proposed method is more efficient than the traditional AR flood visualization method.

关键词： Flood visualization augmented reality 3Dprinted terrain virtual geographic environment augmented reality geovisualization

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Crustal Tomography Under the Median Tectonic Line in Southwest Japan Using P and PmP data

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 67-67页

作者： Sandeep Gupta Dapeng Zhao M.Ikeda S.Ueki S.S.Rai National Geophysical research Institute Council of Scientific and Industrial Research department of Geophysics Tohoku University department of civil engineering Shikoku Research Institute

The Median Tectonic Line(MTL)is the largest active fault system on the Japan Islands and underlies many densely populated *** understand the seismotectonics and to reduce seismic hazard in the MTL region,we determined a detailed 3-D crustal structure under the region using a large number of arrival times of the first P-waves and Moho-reflected waves(PmP).Results of detailed resolution tests show that the addition of PmP data can significantly improve the resolution of the lower crustal structure and the entire crustal structure can be imaged better than that by using P-wave data ***

关键词： median tectonic line(MTL) seismic tomography hazard mitigation low-velocity anomalies fluids

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Is multi-hazard mapping effective in assessing natural hazards and integrated watershed management?

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第4期11卷 1203-1217页

作者： Hamid Reza Pourghasemi Amiya Gayen Mohsen Edalat Mehrdad Zarafshar John P.Tiefenbacher department of Natural Resources and Environmental engineering College of AgricultureShiraz University71441-65186ShirazIran department of Geography Ballygunge Science CollegeUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataWest Bengal700019India Crop Production and Plant Breeding department School of AgricultureShiraz University71441-65186ShirazIran Natural Resources department Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAREEOShirazFarsIran department of Geography Texas State UniversitySan MarcosTX78666USA

Natural hazards are often studied in ***,there is a great need to examine hazards holistically to better manage the complex of threats found in any *** regions of the world have complex hazard landscapes wherein risk from individual and/or multiple extreme events is *** parts of Iran experience a complex array of natural hazards-floods,earthquakes,landslides,forest fires,subsidence,and *** effectiveness of risk mitigation is in part a function of whether the complex of hazards can be collectively considered,visualized,and *** study develops and tests individual and collective multihazard risk maps for floods,landslides,and forest fires to visualize the spatial distribution of risk in Fars Province,southern *** do this,two well-known machine-learning algorithms-SVM and MARS-are used to predict the distribution of these *** floods,landslides,and forest fires were surveyed and *** locations of occurrence of these events(individually and collectively) were randomly separated into training(70%) and testing(30%) data *** conditioning factors(for floods,landslides,and forest fires) employed to model the risk distributions are aspect,elevation,drainage density,distance from faults,geology,LULC,profile curvature,annual mean rainfall,plan curvature,distance from man-made residential structures,distance from nearest river,distance from nearest road,slope gradient,soil types,mean annual temperature,and *** outputs of the two models were assessed using receiver-operating-characteristic(ROC) curves,true-skill statistics(TSS),and the correlation and deviance values from each models for each *** areas-under-the-curves(AUC) for the MARS model prediction were 76.0%,91.2%,and 90.1% for floods,landslides,and forest fires,***,the AUCs for the SVM model were 75.5%,89.0%,and 91.5%.The TSS reveals that the MARS model was better able to predict landslide risk,but was less able to

关键词： Multi-hazard risk mapping Considering flood Landside and forest fire jointly Machine-learning algorithms

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Three-Dimensional Collapse Analysis for a Shallow Cavity in Layered Strata Based on Upper Bound Theorem

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2020年第7期124卷 375-391页

作者： Hongtao Wang Ping Liu Lige Wang Chi Liu Xin Zhang Luyao Liu School of civil engineering Shandong Jianzhu UniversityJinanChina Key Laboratory of Building Structural Retrofitting and Underground Space engineering(Shandong Jianzhu University) Ministry of EducationJinanChina department of Chemical and Biological engineering University of SheffieldSheffieldUK State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina Jinan Rail Transit Group Co. Ltd.JinanChina

Layered rock strata are observed to be common during the excavation of tunnels or cavities,and may significantly affect the deformation and failure characteristics of surrounding rock masses due to various complex forms and mechanical *** this paper,we propose a three-dimensional axisymmetric velocity field for roof collapse of shallow cavities in multi rock layers,by considering the influences of roof cross-section shapes,supporting pressure,ground overload,*** internal energy dissipation rate and work rates of external forces corresponding to the velocity field are computed by employing the Hoek-Brown strength criterion and its associated flow ***,the equations of the collapse surfaces and the corresponding weight of collapsing rock masses are derived on the basis of upper bound ***,we validate the proposed method by comparing the results of numerical calculations and existing research *** change laws of the collapse range under varying parameters are obtained for the presence of rectangular and spherical *** also find that the three-dimensional mechanism is relatively safer for engineering designing actually,compared with the traditional two-dimensional *** these conclusions may provide workable guidelines for the support design of shallow cavities in layered rock strata practically.

关键词： Shallow cavity three-dimensional collapse layered rock strata upper

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Managing airport stormwater containing deicers： challenges and opportunities

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Frontiers of Structural and civil engineering 2017年第1期11卷 35-46页

作者： Xianming SHI Stephen M. QUILTY Thomas LONG Anand JAYAKARAN Laura FAY Gang XU Smart & Green Infrastructure Group Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Washington State University Pullman WA 99164-2910 USA SMQ Airport Services 26757 Haverhill Drive Lutz FL 33559-8509 USA Kent State University 1400 Lefton Esplanade Kent OH 44242 USA Washington Stormwater center Washington State University Puyallup WA 98371 USA Western Transportation Institute Montana State University Bozeman MT 59717 USA

Stormwater runoff at airports is a significant and costly issue, especially for the stormwater laden with deicing contaminants of high Biochemical Oxygen Demand （BOD） and aquatic toxicity. To reduce the loading of deicing constituents in stormwater and to manage the increasing pressure of tightening regulations, identifying fate and transport and evaluating environmental risks of deicing stormwater are of critical importance. In this review, the regulatory development of airport deicing stormwater management was first discussed, along with the milestone Airport Cooperative research Program （ACRP） Report 14 publication. The deicer usage and fugitive losses can be reduced and the amount of deicer collected can be increased by having a better understanding of the fate and transport of deicing constituents in stormwater. As such, an overview and evaluation of the constituents of concern in deicers were provided to support the assessment of environmental impacts and mitigation recommendations. The state of knowledge of airport deicing stormwater management was then reviewed, which needs to be synthesized into a national guidance document. A guidebook and a decision tool for airports were proposed to adopt specific practical stormwater management strategies while balancing their priorities in environmental, economic, and social values against operational constraints. These challenges pose great opportunities to improve the current practices of airport deicing stormwater management.

关键词： airport deicer stormwater guidebook decision tool

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