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Reactivity of Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter (PCM) in mediating environmental reactions: Current knowledge and future trends

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Frontiers of environmental Science & engineering 2020年第5期14卷 115-125页

作者： Wenqing Xu Mark LSegall Zhao Li department of civil and environmental engineering Villanova UniversityVillanovaPA 19085USA

Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter(PCM;e.g.,black carbon,biochar,and activated carbon)are solid residues from incomplete combustion of fussil fuel or *** are traditionally viewed as inert adsorbents for sequestering contaminants from the aqueous phase or providing surfaces for microbes to *** this account,we reviewed the recently discovered reactivity of PCM in promoting both chemical and microbial synergies that are important in pollutant transformation,biogeochemical processes of redox-active elements,and climate change mitigation with respect to the interaction between biochar and nitrous oxide(N2O).Moreover,we focused on our group's work in the PCM-enhanced abiotic transformation of nitrogenous and halogenated pollutants and conducted in-depth analysis of the reaction *** understand what properties of PCM confer its reactivity,our group pioneered the use of PCM-like polymers,namely conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs),to mimic the performance of *** approach allows for the controlled incorporation of specific surface properties(e.g.,quinones)into the polymer network during the polymer *** a result,the relationship between specific characteristics of PCM and its reactivity in facilitating the decay of a model pollutant was systematically studied in our group's *** findings summarized in this account help us to better understand an overlooked environmental process where PCM synergistically interacts with various environmental reagents such as hydrogen sulfide and ***,the knowledge gained in these studies could inform the design of a new generation of reactive carbonaceous materials with tailored properties that are highly efficient in contaminant removal.

关键词： Pyrogenic carbonaceous matter Conjugated microporous polymer Remediation Biochar Hydrolysis Pollutant degradation

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chemically activated carbon nanofibers for adsorptive removal of bisphenol-A:Batch adsorption and breakthrough curve study

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Chinese Journal of chemical engineering 2023年第9期61卷 248-259页

作者： Wenming Hao Basma I.Waisi Timothy M.Vadas Jeffrey R.McCutcheon College of chemical engineering and Technology Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China department of chemical&Biomolecular engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269United States department of chemical engineering University of BaghdadBaghdad 10071Iraq department of civil and environmental engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269United States

Activated carbon nanofibers(ACNFs)with small diameter can significantly increase the accessibility of intra pores and accelerate adsorption of molecules from *** this study,ACNFs were made by blending K_(2)CO_(3)or ZnCl_(2)as the activating agent into the polyacrylonitrile(PAN)in dimethylformamide solution for electrospinning prior to ***-A(BPA),an endocrine disruption pollutant,is widely applied in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy ***,BPA is often used as a model contaminant commonly removed via *** adsorption studies were used to evaluate the kinetics and adsorption capacity of the ***-Peterson(R-P)and Langmuir models were found to fit the isotherm of BPA adsorption better than Freundlich model,showing the homogeneous nature of the PAN originated *** adsorption kinetics was better described by the pseudo second-order model than that by the pseudo first-order *** fitting by intraparticle diffusion model indicates the adsorption of BPA onto ACNFs is mainly controlled by pore *** pH value and ionic strength reduced BPA adsorption from aqueous *** breakthrough curves studied in two different fixed bed systems(cross flow bed system and packed flow bed system)confirmed the scalability of BPA removal by ACNFs in dynamic adsorption *** modified dose-response model predicted well the fixed-bed outlet concentration profiles.

关键词： Activated carbon nanofibers(ACNFs) chemical activation Bisphenol-A(BPA) Fixed bed Adsorption

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Kinetic Characteristics in Pyrolysis of RPF with Additives

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2016年第5期31卷 1144-1148页

作者：黃現旭 KIM Myunggyun NZIOKA Antonymutua KIM Youngju TAHIR Imranqureshi 鄢曹政 School of Architectural Civil Environmental and Energy Engineering Major in Environmental and Energy Engineering Kyungpook National University Daegu South Korea department of chemical engineering NFC-Institute of Engineering & Technology Multan Pakistan

PVC（polyvinyl chloride） was isolated from waste plastic before manufacturing RPF（refuse paper ＆ plastic fuel）, and the characteristics of manufactured RPF including properties, calorific value, pyrolysis, chlorine content and kinetics analysis were analyzed. Based on the result of TGA（Thermogravimetric analysis）, the kinetics characteristics was analyzed by using Kissinger method and Ozawa method which are the most common methods for obtaining activation energy, and the experimental conditions of TGA were set as follows： in a nitrogen atmosphere, with gas flow rate of 20mL/min, heating rate of 5-50 ℃/min, and maximum temperature of 800 ℃. In conclusion, the activation energy showed a tendency to gradually increase by a rise of reaction rate. Although the activation energy with pyrolysis of RPF was irregularly scattered, it was shown that the activation energy was stabilized by co-pyrolysis of RPF and additives（rice bran and sawdust）.

关键词： kinetic characteristics activation energy rice bran sawdust RPF

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Binary doping of nitrogen and phosphorus into porous carbon: A novel di-functional material for enhancing CO_(2) capture and super-capacitance

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第4期99卷 73-81页

作者： Yuan Wang Jianfei Xiao Hanzhi Wang Tian C.Zhang Shaojun Yuan Low-carbon Technology&chemical Reaction engineering Lab College of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China civil&environmental engineering department University of Nebraska-LincolnOmahaNE 68182-0178USA

Designing of hetero-atomic doped carbon-based systems through pyrolysis of abundant element organic precursors is a novel approach to construct rational porous carbon ***,a highly-cross-linked triazine polymer is employed to fabricate N,P co-doped porous carbon(A-TDP-12)with tunable active nitrogen in the carbon framework for simultaneous enhancement of CO_(2) capture capability and Supercapacitance(SC).The synthesized A-TDP-12 possesses a typical hierarchically porous framework(micro-pores and meso-pores)with a large surface area(1332 m^(2) g^(-1))and a rich content of N(7.89 at.%)and P(0.74 at.%).It delivers a CO_(2) adsorption capacity of 1.52 and 5.68 mmol g^(-1) at 1 and 5 bar,respectively,with almost no decay after successive 8 *** 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte,A-TDP-12 exhibits a superior specific capacitance of 172.7 F g^(-1) at a current density of 1 A g^(-1).Even at a high current density of 10 A g^(-1),80%of its initial capacity still *** work not only offers a novel strategy for fabricating promising adsorbents and electrodes for CO_(2) uptake and SCs,but also provides new insights into design of porous carbon material for related applications.

关键词： N,P co-doping Porous carbon CO_(2)capture Super-capacitors Bi-function

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Simulation of Terrestrial Dust Devil Patterns

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2008年第1期25卷 31-42页

作者：顾兆林邱剑赵永志李云 department of environmental Science and Technology School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Energy and Power engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University department of chemical engineering Tsinghua University

Introducing the surface properties [initial vortex, ground temperature and surface momentum impact height （SMIH）] for the boundary conditions, dust-devil-scale large eddy simulations （LES） were carried out. Given three parameters of initial vortex, ground temperature and the SMIH based on Sinclair＇s observation, the dust devil physical characteristics, such as maximum tangential velocity, updraft velocity, pressure drop in the inner core region, and even reverse flow at the top of the core region, are predicted, and are found to be close to the observations, thus demonstrating the ability of the simulation. The physical characteristics of different modeled dust devils are reproduced and compared to the values predicted by Renno et al.＇ theory. Even for smaller temperature differences or weaker buoyancy, severe dust devils may be formed by strong incipient vortices. It is also indicated that SMIH substantially affects the near-surface shape of terrestrial dust devils.

关键词： dust devil dust storm large eddy simulation (LES)

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A Modeling Framework for Coupling Plasticity with Species Diffusion

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Communications in Computational Physics 2022年第6期32卷 83-125页

作者： M.S.Joshaghani K.B.Nakshatrala department of civil and environmental engineering University of HoustonTexas

This paper presents a modeling framework—mathematical model and computational framework—to study the response of a plastic material due to the presenceand transport of a chemical species in the host material. Such a modeling frameworkis important to a wide variety of problems ranging from Li-ion batteries, moisturediffusion in cementitious materials, hydrogen diffusion in metals, to consolidation ofsoils under severe loading-unloading regimes. The mathematical model incorporatesexperimental observations reported in the literature on how (elastic and plastic) material properties change because of the presence and transport of a chemical ***, the model accounts for one-way (transport affects the deformation but not viceversa) and two-way couplings between deformation and transport subproblems. Theresulting coupled equations are not amenable to analytical solutions;so, we present arobust computational framework for obtaining numerical solutions. Given that popular numerical formulations do not produce nonnegative solutions, the computationalframework uses an optimized-based nonnegative formulation that respects physicalconstraints (e.g., nonnegative concentrations). For completeness, we also show theeffect and propagation of the negative concentrations, often produced by contemporary transport solvers, into the overall predictions of deformation and concentrationfields. Notably, anisotropy of the diffusion process exacerbates these unphysical violations. Using representative numerical examples, we discuss how the concentrationfield affects plastic deformations of a degrading solid. Based on these numerical examples, we also discuss how plastic zones spread because of material *** illustrate how the proposed computational framework performs, we report variousperformance metrics such as optimization iterations and time-to-solution.

关键词： Species diffusion plasticity non-negative solutions damage mechanics degradation/healing coupled problem

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An experimental model of vitreous motion induced by eye rotations

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Eye and Vision 2015年第1期2卷 85-94页

作者： Andrea Bonfiglio Alberto Lagazzo Rodolfo Repetto Alessandro Stocchino department of civil Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of GenoaItalyVia Montallegro 116145 GenoaItaly

Background:During eye rotations the vitreous humour moves with respect to the eye *** relative motion has been suggested to possibly have an important role in inducing degradation of the gel structure,which might lead to vitreous liquefaction and/or posterior vitreous *** of the present work is to study the characteristics of vitreous motion induced by eye ***:We use an experimental setup,consisting of a Perspex model of the vitreous chamber that,for simplicity,is taken to have a spherical *** model is filled with an artificial vitreous humour,prepared as a solution of agar powder and hyaluronic acid sodium salt in deionised water,which has viscoelastic mechanical properties similar to those of the real *** model rotates about an axis passing through the centre of the sphere and velocity measurements are taken on the equatorial plane orthogonal to the axis of rotation,using an optical ***:The results show that fluid viscoelasticity has a strong influence on flow *** particular,at certain frequencies of oscillation of the eye model,fluid motion can be resonantly *** means that fluid velocity within the domain can be significantly larger than that of the ***:The frequencies for which resonant excitation occurs are within the range of possible eye rotations ***,the present results suggest that resonant excitation of vitreous motion is likely to occur in ***,in turn,implies that eye rotations produce large stresses on the retina and within the vitreous that may contribute to the disruption of the vitreous gel *** present results also have implications for the choice of the ideal properties for vitreous substitute fluids.

关键词： Vitreous motion Vitreous dynamics Retinal detachment Viscoelasticity

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Boosting electrochemical oxidation of As(Ⅲ)on Fe-doped RuO_(2)/PEDOT/SnO_(2) nanocomposite anode:Fabrication,performance and mechanism

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第13期180卷 243-258页

作者： Xinyu Miao Jiao Shen Wenlan Ji Tian CZhang Ying Liang Shaojun Yuan Low-carbon Technology&chemical Reaction engineering Lab College of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China College of Architecture and environmental engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China civil&environmental engineering department University of Nebraska-LincolnOmahaNE 68182-0178United States of America

Design of electrode materials for stable and efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of As(Ⅲ)in arsenic-contaminated groundwater poses a great challenge due to the rapid deactivation of catalysts resulting from the high oxygen evolution potential(OEP)and considerable barrier to generating reactive oxygen species(ROS).Herein,an innovative TNAs/SnO_(2)/PEDOT/Fe(Ⅲ)-RuO_(2) multilayer electrode was synthesized by utilizing a PEDOT-coated SnO_(2) interlayer as a supportive framework to combine Fe-doped amorphous RuO_(2) catalytic layer with TiO_(2) nanotube array *** electrode exhibited high activity and sta-bility for the oxidation of As(Ⅲ)to As(V)due to the large surface area provided by the TiO_(2) nanotube arrays and the SnO_(2)/PEDOT interlayer for facilitating the growth of the catalytic *** electrochem-ically active surface area of the electrode reached as high as 31.7 mF/cm^(2).Impressively,the doping of Fe into RuO_(2) layer led to a remarkable increase in the OEP value to 3.12 V,which boosted the indirect oxidation process mediated by ROS at a lower potential to achieve the As(Ⅲ)oxidation ratio of 98.5%.DFT calculations revealed that the Fe-doped amorphous RuO_(2) weakened the adsorption strength of·OH ***4-intermediates and lowered the energy barrier for generating *** with ESR results,the formation of·OH and·SC4-with strong oxidizing properties was fully verified,providing further evi-dence for the involvement of ROS as the main mediator of the oxidation mechanism of As(Ⅲ).This work may provide valuable perspectives into the design of catalytic layer structures and heteroatom doping modifications for composite-coated electrodes.

关键词： Arsenite Electrocatalytic oxidation Iron-doped ruthenium oxide Anode Reactive oxygen species

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Inexpensive synthesis of a high-performance Fe3O4-SiO2-TiO2 photocatalyst： Magnetic recovery and reuse

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Frontiers of chemical Science and engineering 2016年第3期10卷 405-416页

作者： Nadir Abbas Godlisten N. Shao Syed M. Imran Muhammad S. Haider Hee Taik Kim department of chemical engineering Hanyang University Ansan-si Gyeonggi-do 426-791 Republic of Korea department of civil and environmental engineering Hanyang University Ansan-si Gyeonggi-do 426-791 Republic of Korea department of chemical engineering University of Gujrat HH Campus Punjab Pakistan

A sol-gel technique has been developed for the synthesis of a magnetite-silica-titania （Fe3O4-SiO2-TiO2） tertiary nanocomposite with improved photocatalytic properties based on the use of inexpensive titania and silica precursors. The exceptional photocatalytic activity of the resulting materials was demonstrated by using them to photocatalyze the degradation of methylene blue solution. The best formulation achieved 98% methylene blue degradation. An interesting feature of the present work was the ability to magnetically separate and reuse the catalyst. The efficiency of the catalyst remained high during two reuses. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron micro- scopy （TEM）, Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectro- scopy, ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. XRD ana- lysis revealed the formation of multicrystalline systems of cubic magnetite and anatase titania crystals. SEM and TEM characterization revealed well-developed and homo- geneously dispersed particles of size less than 15 nm. FTIR spectra confirmed the chemical interaction of titania and silica. It was further noticed that the optical properties of the prepared materials were dependent on the relative contents of their constituent metal oxides.

关键词： sol-gel photocatalysis magnetic recovery,TiO2 Fe3O4 SiO2

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chemical mapping of cement pastes by using confocal Raman spectroscopy

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Frontiers of Structural and civil engineering 2016年第2期10卷 168-173页

作者： Fengjuan LIU Zhihui SUN department of civil Construction and Environmental Engineering The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 United States department of civil and environmental engineering University of Louisville Louisville KY 40292 United States

In the present study, chemical mapping on the hydration process of cement paste with water-to-cement （w/c） ratio of 0.60 was implemented by Raman spectroscopy （RS）. The RS was applied to study the paste from 12 hours after mixing to 28 days. Cement ingredients and hydration products, including calcium silicates （C3S and C2S）, calcium hydroxide （CH）, and ettringite, were quantitatively studied. From the research, it is observed that calcium silicates were consumed gradually with the increased hydration age. Calcium hydroxide increased and tended to cluster in the pore vicinity during hydration. Ettringite was found to form on the surface of the unreacted particles, which was shown as a mixed zone of ettringite and calcium silicates in the maps. It is concluded from the study that chemical mapping was an effective method to assist in visualizing particle dispersion and connection on top of the quantitative analysis.

关键词： chemical mapping Raman spectroscopy calcium silicates calcium hydroxide ettringite

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