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Communications in Transportation Research 2023年第1期3卷 72-80页

作者： Sachraa G.Borjigin Qian He Deb A.Niemeier Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA

The transit bus environment is considered one of the primary sources of transmission of the COVID-19(SARSCoV-2)virus.Modeling disease transmission in public buses remains a challenge,especially with uncertainties in passenger boarding,alighting,and onboard movements.Although there are initial findings on the effectiveness of some of the mitigation policies(such as face-covering and ventilation),evidence is scarce on how these policies could affect the onboard transmission risk under a realistic bus setting considering different headways,boarding and alighting patterns,and seating capacity control.This study examines the specific policy regimes that transit agencies implemented during early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in USA,in which it brings crucial insights on combating current and future epidemics.We use an agent-based simulation model(ABSM)based on standard design characteristics for urban buses in USA and two different service frequency settings(10-min and 20-min headways).We find that wearing face-coverings(surgical masks)significantly reduces onboard transmission rates,from no mitigation rates of 85%in higher-frequency buses and 75%in lower-frequency buses to 12.5%.The most effective prevention outcome is the combination of KN-95 masks,open window policies,and half-capacity seating control during higher-frequency bus services,with an outcome of nearly 0%onboard infection rate.Our results advance understanding of COVID-19 risks in the urban bus environment and contribute to effective mitigation policy design,which is crucial to ensuring passenger safety.The findings of this study provide important policy implications for operational adjustment and safety protocols as transit agencies seek to plan for future emergencies.

关键词： COVID-19 Transit buses Indoor transmission Mitigation strategies Agent-based simulation modeling(ABSM)

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Chemical fixation of toxic metals in stainless steel pickling residue by Na2S·xH2O,FeSO4·6H2O and phosphoric acid for beneficial uses

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2020年第4期32卷 364-374页

作者： Peidong Su Junke Zhang Yadong Li Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering Jackson State UniversityJacksonMS39217USA

The leaching concentrations of different metals in stainless steel pickling residue(SSPR)were determined and the toxic metals were treated using Na2 S·xH2 O,FeSO4·6 H2 O,and phosphoric acid.A modified European Community Bureau of Reference(BCR)sequential extraction was used to identify the speciation of the concerned metals.Results showed that SSPR contains a large amount of Ca(58.41%),Fe(29.44%),Cr(3.83%),Ni(2.94%),Mn(2.82%)and some of Al,Cu,Mg,Zn.Among them,Cr and Ni were the most toxic metals in SSPR,thus the raw SSPR falls into hazardous waste category due to the leaching amount of Cr.In addition,the leached Cr was identified as Cr6+(MgCr04)in the waste.BCR test revealed that risk assessment code(RAC)of Cr and Ni were 33.29%and 61.7%,indicating they posed"high"and"very high"risk to the environment,respectively.After fixing by Na2 S·xH2 O and FeSO4·6 H2 O,the leaching concentrations of Cr and Ni were less than 1.5 and 0.5 mg/L,respectively.After fixing by Na2 S·xH2 O and FeSO4·6 H2 O the tre ated SSPR can be safely reused as roadbed materials,concrete and cement aggregates.This study provides a useful implication in treatment and beneficial reuse of heavy metal-containing hazardous wastes.

关键词： Stainless steel pickling residue Leaching toxicity Cr(Ⅵ) Chemical fixation Beneficial reuses

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High-resolution multi-scale air pollution system:Evaluation of modelling performance and emission control strategies

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 65-81页

作者： Diogo Lopes Joana Ferreira Sandra Rafael Ka In Hoi Xin Li Yuan Liu Ka-Veng Yuen Kai Meng Mok Ana Isabel Miranda department of Environment and Planning&CESAM University of AveiroAveiroPortugal Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of MacaoMacao SARChina

A high percentage of the world's population lives in areas where air pollutant concentrations exceed the World Health Organization guidelines.This work aims to develop and test,a high-resolution multi-scale air pollution modelling system by integrating a set of adequate tools.This system is able to provide detailed air pollutant concentrations in urban areas and support air quality management strategies through a better identification of different atmospheric processes.It also allows furthering the design and assessment of air pollution control measures for a specific area.To evaluate its performance and suitability,the system was applied to the Macao Special Administrative Region(SAR),China,one of the most densely populated areas on earth,during a winter period when this area is affected by high levels of Particulate Matter(PM).Although the developed system tends to underestimate the PM concentrations,it revealed a good performance in reproducing the temporal and spatial air pollution patterns.Several exceedances of the Chinese air quality standards were calculated and high population exposure to PM pollution was estimated.The tested urban atmospheric emission reduction scenarios have shown air quality improvements,indicating that emission reduction measures at urban level should focus on the domestic sector.However,it is crucial to implement joint pollution prevention strategies with neighbouring regions to improve the air quality in Macao SAR.The approach developed in this work can support policymakers in defining new strategies to reduce atmospheric pollution in urban areas.

关键词： Urban areas High-resolution emission inventory Particulate matter Population exposure

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Spatiotemporal shoreline change in Boushehr Province coasts,Iran

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第3期38卷 707-721页

作者： Saeed ZEINALI Nasser TALEBBEYDOKHTI Maryam DEHGHANI Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering School of EngineeringShiraz UniversityShiraz 71348-51156Iran

Since coastal areas have highly dynamic nature and are one of the most beneficial regions of civilizations,it is of great significance to understand their characteristics and behavior.Changes in shorelines in the form of accretion and erosion can leave devastating effects on businesses and cities located along the shore.In this study,we statistically calculated the tendency of shoreline changes by processing and analyzing historical satellite images of Boushehr Province,Iran.Results show that these shores have experienced both sedimentation and erosion in the past 30 *** shoreline movement presents more than 350 m of erosion and 650 m of accretion,which are corresponded to change rates of almost 12 and 22 m/a,respectively.Statistics of shoreline changes are calculated from regression methods including end point rate,linear regression rate,weighted linear regression,and least median of squares.The best-performed method is applied to predict the shoreline position in 2050 and 2100.Potential locations of excessive changes are identified for the predicted shorelines,which should be dealt with properly.

关键词： digital shoreline analysis system satellite image accretion and erosion linear regression sediment Boushehr Province

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Digital twin for healthy indoor environment:A vision for the post-pandemic era

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Frontiers of engineering Management 2023年第2期10卷 300-318页

作者： Jiannan CAI Jianli CHEN Yuqing HU Shuai LI Qiang HE School of civil&environmental engineering and Construction ManagementThe University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78249USA Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA department of Architectural engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA department of civil and environmental engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

Indoor environment has significant impacts on human health as people spend 90%of their time indoors.The COVID-19 pandemic and the increased public health awareness have further elevated the urgency for cultivating and maintaining a healthy indoor environment.The advancement in emerging digital twin technologies including building information modeling(BIM),Internet of Things(IoT),data analytics,and smart control have led to new opportunities for building design and operation.Despite the numerous studies on developing methods for creating digital twins and enabling new functionalities and services in smart building management,very few have focused on the health of indoor environment.There is a critical need for understanding and envisaging how digital twin paradigms can be geared towards healthy indoor environment.Therefore,this study reviews the techniques for developing digital twins and discusses how the techniques can be customized to contribute to public health.Specifically,the current applications of BIM,IoT sensing,data analytics,and smart building control technologies for building digital twins are reviewed,and the knowledge gaps and limitations are discussed to guide future research for improving environmental and occupant health.Moreover,this paper elaborates a vision for future research on integrated digital twins for a healthy indoor environment with special considerations of the above four emerging techniques and issues.This review contributes to the body of knowledge by advocating for the consideration of health in digital twin modeling and smart building services and presenting the research roadmap for digital twin-enabled healthy indoor environment.

关键词： digital twin healthy indoor environment building information modeling occupant–building interaction COVID-19

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Application of automated cone penetrometer for railway investigation using correlations with DCPI and deflection modulus

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2022年第4期14卷 235-238页

作者： Sang Yeob Kim Won-Taek Hong Jong-Sub Lee School of civil Environmental and Architectural EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering Gachon UniversitySeongnam-si 13120Republic of Korea

Portable in-situ devices have been used for characterizing low accessible field,such as the railway subgrade.In this study,the automated cone penetrometer(ACP)was designed for the application on the railway subgrade.ACP is composed of the cone tip,driving rod,and hydraulic hammer system.The hydraulic motor lifts and drops the 294.3 N hammer from a height of 200 mm such that the potential energy of 58.9 N m impacts the driving rod.The N-value(NACP)from the ACP test was compared with the dynamic cone penetration index(DCPI)from the dynamic cone penetrometer(DCP)test.The test results show that the NACP and DCPI profiles show opposite trend owing to the inverse concept of the unit.From the correlation of DCPI and NACP,the limitation of DCPI reveals owing the minimum manually measured value of 1 mm/blow.Additionally,the evaluation of the deflection modulus(EFWD)using NACP is more efficient than that using DCPI.Based on the result of this study,we suggest that ACP can be used for strength and stiffness evaluation of railway subgrade rapidly and reliably.

关键词： Automated cone penetrometer DCPI E_(FWD )N_(ACP) Railway subgrade

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Finite element implementation of strain-hardening Drucker-Prager plasticity model with application to tunnel excavation

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Underground Space 2017年第3期2卷 168-174页

作者： K.Liu S.L.Chen Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUSA

This paper presents a finite element implementation of a strain-hardening Drucker-Prager model and its application to tunnel excavation.The computational model was constructed based on the return mapping scheme,in which an elastic trial step was first executed,followed by plastic correction involving the Newton-Raphson method to return the predicted state of stresses to the supposed yield surface.By combining the plastic shear hardening rule and stress correction equations,the loading index for the strain-hardening Drucker-Prager model was solved.It is therefore possible to update the stresses,elastic and plastic strains,and slope of the yield locus at the end of each incremental step.As an illustrative example,an integration algorithm was incorporated into ABAQUS through the user subroutine UMAT to solve the tunnel excavation problem in strain-hardening Drucker-Prager rock formations.The obtained numerical results were found to be in excellent agreement with the available analytical solutions,thus indicating the validity and accuracy of the proposed UMAT code,as well as the finite element model.

关键词： Strain-hardening Drucker-Prager model Finite element method UMAT code Tunnel excavation

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Early construction cost and time risk assessment and evaluation of large-scale underground cavern construction projects in Singapore

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Underground Space 2020年第1期5卷 53-70页

作者： Varun Maruvanchery Shao Zhe Tiong Lee Kong Robert department of Mining engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenCOUSA School of civil&environmental engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

The applicability of the Decision Aids for Tunneling(DAT)as an early construction cost and time predicting tool for large-scale underground cavern construction projects is investigated in this study.For this purpose,three large-scale underground cavern construction projects in Singapore are presented using the proposed framework.The data from Project A,which is already completed,are used to validate the prediction outcomes.The results show that the proposed workflow can well estimate the construction cost and time at the 95%confidence level.The DAT simulation results of the other two projects,which are in the early planning stages,are compared with Project A to assess the accuracy of the predicted cost and time.The results show that the proposed workflow with the DAT as a predictor is a valuable tool in estimating construction cost and time for large-scale underground cavern projects,particularly for feasibility studies.

关键词： Cavern construction Decision Aids for Tunneling Partial face excavation Construction cost-time prediction Risk assessment Feasibility study

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Spectroscopy framework and review of characterization of energy resource sites

Energy Geoscience

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Energy Geoscience 2022年第2期3卷 147-159页

作者： C.Tohm T.Bheemasetti P.Diwakar Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering South Dakota School of MinesRapid CitySDUSA department of Mechanical engineering South Dakota School of MinesRapid CitySDUS

Site characterization and rapid reliable identification of energy resources play a key role for future efficient energy production.Over the last several decades,many laboratory and in-situ techniques were developed to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the sites and minerals.Despite the advancements,there are still many challenges associated with exploration,rapid detection,and spatial interpolation of the energy resources within a site.Spectroscopy techniques offer solutions to the current ongoing efforts on site characterization,exploration and collection of resources,quality control monitoring during production,and reclamation of the production sites due to environmental contamination.Spectral analysis has shown great promise in providing in-situ measurements that are comparable to arduous laboratory physio-chemical analysis.Spectroscopy is a fairly new technology in some sectors and has seen limited use but has shown great potential in exceeding the minimum standards implemented.This paper presents review of the current spectroscopy techniques that have been used in the agriculture,landfill,nuclear power,mining,and ground contamination industries with respect to the production of energy.A general overview of how spectral analysis techniques are being used to benefit each of these sectors along with some of the drawbacks associated with each is presented.Three frameworks including basic process,operation flowchart,minimum number of tests to be performed,and information on spatial interpolation analysis are presented.These frameworks along with the basic processes can be implemented for characterization of energy resource sites。

关键词： Spectroscopy Energy resources Spectral analysis In-situ testing Site characterization

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Binary doping of nitrogen and phosphorus into porous carbon: A novel di-functional material for enhancing CO_(2) capture and super-capacitance

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第4期99卷 73-81页

作者： Yuan Wang Jianfei Xiao Hanzhi Wang Tian C.Zhang Shaojun Yuan Low-carbon Technology&Chemical Reaction engineering Lab College of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China civil&environmental engineering department University of Nebraska-LincolnOmahaNE 68182-0178USA

Designing of hetero-atomic doped carbon-based systems through pyrolysis of abundant element organic precursors is a novel approach to construct rational porous carbon materials.Herein,a highly-cross-linked triazine polymer is employed to fabricate N,P co-doped porous carbon(A-TDP-12)with tunable active nitrogen in the carbon framework for simultaneous enhancement of CO_(2) capture capability and Supercapacitance(SC).The synthesized A-TDP-12 possesses a typical hierarchically porous framework(micro-pores and meso-pores)with a large surface area(1332 m^(2) g^(-1))and a rich content of N(7.89 at.%)and P(0.74 at.%).It delivers a CO_(2) adsorption capacity of 1.52 and 5.68 mmol g^(-1) at 1 and 5 bar,respectively,with almost no decay after successive 8 recycles.In 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte,A-TDP-12 exhibits a superior specific capacitance of 172.7 F g^(-1) at a current density of 1 A g^(-1).Even at a high current density of 10 A g^(-1),80%of its initial capacity still remains.This work not only offers a novel strategy for fabricating promising adsorbents and electrodes for CO_(2) uptake and SCs,but also provides new insights into design of porous carbon material for related applications.

关键词： N,P co-doping Porous carbon CO_(2)capture Super-capacitors Bi-function

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