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Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

Science China(physics,Mechanics & astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng Wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng Wang Song Wang Tinggui Wang Zhongxiang Wang Qingwen Wu Xuefeng Wu Dong Xu Yanjun Xu Suijian Xue Yongquan Xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma Xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao Wang Juan Wang Lei Wang Wenxin Wang Yilong Wang Yusa Wang Qinyu Wu Haitao Xu Jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu Zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Space Sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences department of physics University of Hong Kong School of physics and astronomy University of Leicester School of physics and astronomy Sun Yat-sen University department of physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai Institute of Technical physics Chinese Academy of Sciences physics department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas department of physics and astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory department of astronomy University of Cape Town department of physics University of the Free State Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU/DAp-AIM department of astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen department of physics and astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC department of astronomy School of physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for astronomy School of physics The University of Sydney department of astronomy Xiamen University Institute for Frontiers in astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University department of astronomy University of Science and Technology School of astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory department of astronomy School of physics and astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$

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Molecule‑Level Multiscale Design of Nonflammable Gel Polymer Electrolyte to Build Stable SEI/CEI for Lithium Metal Battery

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 404-423页

作者： Qiqi Sun Zelong Gong Tao Zhang Jiafeng Li Xianli Zhu Ruixiao Zhu Lingxu Wang Leyuan Ma Xuehui Li Miaofa Yuan Zhiwei Zhang Luyuan Zhang Zhao Qian Longwei Yin Rajeev Ahuja Chengxiang Wang Key Laboratory for Liquid‑Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250061People’s Republic of China Condensed Matter Theory Department of Physics and AstronomyUppsala UniversityUppsala 75120Sweden

The risk of flammability is an unavoidable issue for gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs).Usually,flameretardant solvents are necessary to be used,but most of them would react with anode/cathode easily and cause serious interfacial instability,which is a big challenge for design and application of nonflammable ***,a nonflammable GPE(SGPE)is developed by in situ polymerizing trifluoroethyl methacrylate(TFMA)monomers with flame-retardant triethyl phosphate(TEP)solvents and LiTFSI–LiDFOB dual lithium *** is strongly anchored to PTFMA matrix via polarity interaction between-P=O and-CH_(2)CF_(3).It reduces free TEP molecules,which obviously mitigates interfacial reactions,and enhances flame-retardant performance of TEP *** TEP molecules are also inhibited in solvation of Li^(+),leading to anion-dominated solvation sheath,which creates inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interface/cathode electrolyte interface *** coordination structure changes Li^(+)transport from sluggish vehicular to fast structural transport,raising ionic conductivity to 1.03 mS cm^(-1) and transfer number to 0.41 at 30℃.The Li|SGPE|Li cell presents highly reversible Li stripping/plating performance for over 1000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2),and 4.2 V LiCoO_(2)|SGPE|Li battery delivers high average specific capacity>120 mAh g^(−1) over 200 *** study paves a new way to make nonflammable GPE that is compatible with Li metal anode.

关键词： Anchoring effect Nonflammable gel electrolyte In situ cross-linked Electrode-electrolyte interface Li metal battery

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Tailoring Optical and Plasmon Resonances in Core-shell and Core-multishell Nanowires for Visible Range Negative Refraction and Plasmonic Light Harvesting:A Review

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第6期31卷 533-541页

作者： Sarath Ramadurgam Tzu-Ging Lin Chen Yang department of physics and astronomy Purdue University department of chemistry Purdue University

Semiconductor nanowires(NWs) are sub-wavelength structures which exhibit strong optical(Mie)resonances in the visible *** addition to such optical resonances,the localized surface plasmon resonances(LSPRs) in metal-semiconductor core-shell(CS) and core-multishell(CMS) NWs can be tailored to achieve novel negative-index metamaterials(N1M),extreme absorbers,invisibility cloaks and ***,in this review,we focus on our recent theoretical studies which highlight the versatility of CS and CMS NWs for:1) the design of negative-index metamaterials in the visible range and2) plasmonic light harvesting in ultrathin photocatalyst layers for water *** the LSPR in the metal layer and the magnetic dipole(Mie) resonance in the semiconductor shell under transverse electric(TE) polarization,semiconductor-metal-semiconductor CMS NWs can be designed to exhibit spectrally overlapping electric and magnetic resonances in the visible *** exhibiting such double resonances can be considered as meta-atoms and arrayed to form polarization dependent,low-loss ***,by tuning the LSPR in the TE polarization and the optical resonance in the transverse magnetic(TM) polarization of metal-photocatalyst CS and semiconductor-metal-photocatalyst CMS NWs,the absorption within ultrathin(sub-50 nm) photocatalyst layers can be substantially ***,aluminum and copper based NWs provide absorption enhancement remarkably close to silver and gold based NWs,***,such absorption is polarization independent and remains high over a large range of incidence angles and permittivity of the ***,due to the tunability of their optical properties,CS and CMS NWs are expected to be vital components for the design of nanophotonic devices.

关键词： Nanowires Core-shell Core-multishell Negative refr

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Electronic Phase Transition of IrTe_2 Probed by Second Harmonic Generation

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Chinese physics Letters 2018年第9期35卷 62-65页

作者： J.E.Taylor Z.Zhang G.Cao L.H.Haber R.Jin E.W.Plummer department of physics & astronomy Louisiana State University department of chemistry Louisiana State University

We have utilized second harmonic generation （SHG） to disentangle the coupled first-order charge order/structural transition at Tc ~ 281 K in the transition-metal dichalocogenide IrTe2, an exceptional layered material with 3D properties. The data from SHG shows extremely sharp transition in both the cooling and warming processes with less than 0.2 K transition window. Surface electronic symmetries of Car and S2 are observed in the high temperature and low temperature phases, respectively. Compared to neutron diffraction data for the structural transition （Phys. Rev. B 88 （2013）115122） and to the electrical resistivity for the microscopic transition （Phys. Rev. B 95 （2017）035148）, our data indicates the electronic transition at the surface is the precursor to the structural transition.

关键词： SHG Te

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Wave effect of gravitational waves intersected with a microlens field Ⅱ:An adaptive hierarchical tree algorithm and population study

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 241-254页

作者： Xikai Shan Guoliang Li Xuechun Chen Wen Zhao Bin Hu Shude Mao department of astronomy Tsinghua University Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Frontier in astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University School of physics and astronomy Beijing Normal University School of astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China CAS Key Laboratory for Researches in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology of ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences

The gravitational lensing wave effect generated by a microlensing field embedded in a lens galaxy is an inevitable phenomenon in strong lensed gravitational waves （SLGWs）.This effect presents both challenges and opportunities for the detection and application of ***,investigating this wave effect requires computing a complete diffraction integral over each microlens in the *** is extremely time-consuming due to the large number of microlenses （10～3-10～6）.Therefore,simply adding all the microlenses is ***,the complexity of the time delay surface makes the lens plane resolution a crucial factor in controlling numerical *** this paper,we propose a trapezoid approximation-based adaptive hierarchical tree algorithm to meet the challenges of calculation speed and *** find that this algorithm accelerates the calculation by four orders of magnitude compared to the simple adding method and is one order of magnitude faster than the fixed hierarchical tree algorithm proposed for electromagnetic *** importantly,our algorithm ensures controllable numerical errors,increasing confidence in the *** with our previous work （***.66,239511,2023）,this paper addresses all numerical issues,including integral convergence,precision,and computational time1).Finally,we conducted a population study on the microlensing wave effect of SLGWs using this algorithm and found that the microlensing wave effect cannot be ignored,especially for Type II SLGWs （from saddle position of the time delay surface） due to their intrinsic geometric structures and their typical intersection with a denser microlensing ***,more than 33%（11%） of SLGWs have a mismatch larger than 1%（3%） compared to the unlensed ***,we found that the mismatch between signal pairs in a doubly imaged GW is generally larger than 10-3,and 61%（25%） of signal pairs have a mismatch larger than 1%（3%）.Therefo

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Study of the cavity-magnon-polariton transmission line shape

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & astronomy) 2016年第11期59卷 70-80页

作者： Michael Harder LiHui Bai Christophe Match Jesko Sirker CanMing Hu department of physics and astronomy University of Manitoba

We experimentally and theoretically investigate the microwave transmission line shape of the cavity-magnon-polariton(CMP)created by inserting a low damping magnetic insulator into a high quality 3D microwave cavity. While fixed field measurements are found to have the expected Lorentzian characteristic, at fixed frequencies the field swept line shape is in general asymmetric. Such fixed frequency measurements demonstrate that microwave transmission can be used to access magnetic characteristics of the CMP,such as the field line width H. By developing an effective oscillator model of the microwave transmission we show that these line shape features are general characteristics of harmonic coupling. At the same time, at the classical level the underlying physical mechanism of the CMP is electrodynamic phase correlation and a second model based on this principle also accurately reproduces the experimental line shape features. In order to understand the microscopic origin of the effective coupled oscillator model and to allow for future studies of CMP phenomena to extend into the quantum regime, we develop a third, microscopic description,based on a Green's function formalism. Using this method we calculate the transmission spectra and find good agreement with the experimental results.

关键词： cavity-magnon-polariton strong-coupling microwave cavity ferromagnetic resonance

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Grids of rotating stellar models with masses between 1.0 and 3.0 M_⊙

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Research in astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第5期13卷 579-592页

作者： Wu-Ming Yang Shao-Lan Bi Xiang-Cun Meng department of astronomy Beijing Normal University School of physics and chemistry Henan Polytechnic University

We calculated a grid of evolutionary tracks of rotating models with masses between 1.0 and 3.0 M⊙ and resolution δM 〈 0.02 M⊙, which can be used to study the effects of rotation on stellar evolution and on the characteristics of star clusters. The value of ～ 2.05 Me is a critical mass for the effects of rotation on stellar struc- ture and evolution. For stars with M 〉 2.05 Me, rotation leads to an increase in the convective core and prolongs their lifetime on the main sequence （MS）; rotating mod- els evolve more slowly than non-rotating ones; the effects of rotation on the evolution of these stars are similar to those of convective core overshooting. However for stars with 1.1 〈 M/M⊙ 〈 2.05, rotation results in a decrease in the convective core and shortens the duration of the MS stage; rotating models evolve faster than non-rotating ones. When the mass has values in the range ～ 1.7 - 2.0 M⊙, the mixing caused by rotationally induced instabilities is not efficient; the hydrostatic effects dominate pro- cesses associated with the evolution of these stars. For models with masses between about 1.6 and 2.0 M⊙, rotating models always exhibit lower effective temperatures than non-rotating ones at the same age during the MS stage. For a given age, the lower the mass, the smaller the change in the effective temperature. Thus rotations could lead to a color spread near the MS turnoff in the color-magnitude diagram for intermediate-age star clusters.

关键词： stars: evolution -- stars: rotation m stars: interiors

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Solution for Energies and Mixing of Two 0^+ States in ^(10)He

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Chinese physics Letters 2016年第9期33卷 27-28页

作者： H.T.Fortune department of physics and astronomy University of Pennsylvania

Using results from various reactions that populate 10He, I conclude that the ground state has E2n = 1.07（7） MeV and the excited 0＋ state is in the region of 2.1-3.1 MeV. The amount of the （sd）2 component in the g... 详细信息

关键词： of is on for that Solution for Energies and Mixing of Two 0 States in He

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Hull form optimization of a cargo ship for reduced drag

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2016年第2期28卷 173-183页

作者： Fuxin HUANG Chi YANG department of physics and astronomy George Mason University

Hydrodynamic optimization of the hull forms can be realized through the implementation and integration of computational tools that consist of a hydrodynamic module, a hull surface representation and modification module, and an optimization module. In the present paper, a new bulbous bow generation and modification technique has been developed and integrated into the hull surface representation and modification module. A radial basis function based surrogate model is developed to approximate the objective functions and reduce the computing cost. A multi-objective artificial bee colony optimization algorithm is implemented and integra- ted into the optimization module. To illustrate the integrated hydrodynamic optimization tools, a cargo ship is optimized for reduced drag. The optimal hull forms obtained are then validated computationally and experimentally. Validation results show that the prese- nt tools can be used efficiently and effectively in the simulation based design of the hull forms for reduced drag.

关键词： simulation based design ship hull form optimization drag reduction radial basis function surrogate model,Neumann-Michell theory

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Electronic correlation in nearly free electron metals with beyond-DFT methods

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1756-1762页

作者： Subhasish Mandal Kristjan Haule Karin M.Rabe David Vanderbilt department of physics and astronomy West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWVUSA department of physics and astronomy Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA

For more than three decades,nearly free-electron elemental metals have been a topic of debate because the computed bandwidths are significantly wider in the local density approximation to density-functional theory(DFT)than indicated by angle-resolved photoemission(ARPES)***,we systematically investigate this using first principles calculations for alkali and alkaline-earth metals using DFT and various beyond-DFT methods such as meta-GGA,G0W0,hybrid functionals(YS-PBE0,B3LYP),and LDA+*** find that the static non-local exchange,as partly included in the hybrid functionals,significantly increase the bandwidths even compared to LDA,while the G0W0 bands are only slightly narrower than in *** agreement with the ARPES is best when the local approximation to the self-energy is used in the LDA+eDMFT *** infer that even moderately correlated systems with partially occupied s orbitals,which were assumed to approximate the uniform electron gas,are very well described in terms of short-range dynamical correlations that are only local to an atom.

关键词： metals assumed narrow

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