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Scintillation Arc from FRB 20220912A

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & astronomy) 2024年第1期67卷 134-142页

作者： Zi-Wei Wu Robert AMain Wei-Wei Zhu Bing Zhang Peng Jiang Jia-Rui Niu Jin-Lin Han Di Li Ke-Jia Lee Dong-Zi Li Yuan-Pei Yang Fa-Yin Wang Rui Luo Pei Wang Chen-Hui Niu Heng Xu Bo-Jun Wang Wei-Yang Wang Yong-Kun Zhang Yi Feng De-Jiang Zhou Yong-Hua Xu Can-Min Deng Yu-Hao Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Bonn 53121Germany Institute for Frontier in astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China Nevada Center for Astrophysics and department of physics and astronomy University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA CAS Key Laboratory of FAST National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of astronomy University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China NAOC-UKZN Computational Astrophysics Centre University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000South Africa department of astronomy Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Kavli Institute for astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Cahill Center for astronomy and Astrophysics California Institute of TechnologyPasadena 91125USA South-Western Institute For astronomy Research Yunnan UniversityKunming 650504China School of astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Key Laboratory of Modern astronomy and Astrophysics(Nanjing University) Ministry of EducationNanjing 210023China CSIRO Space and astronomy Epping 1710Australia department of astronomy School of Physics and Materials ScienceGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311100China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650011China Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics Department of PhysicsGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China

We present the interstellar scintillation analysis of fast radio burst(FRB)20220912A during its extremely active episode in 2022using data from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope(FAST).We detect a scintillation arc in the FRB’s secondary spectrum,which describes the power in terms of the scattered FRB signals’time delay and Doppler *** arc indicates that the scintillation is caused by a highly localized *** analysis favors a Milky Way origin of the ionized interstellar medium(IISM)for the localized scattering medium but cannot rule out a host galaxy *** present our method for detecting the scintillation arc,which can be applied generally to sources with irregularly spaced bursts or *** methods could help shed light on the complex interstellar environment surrounding the FRBs and in our Galaxy.

关键词： fast radio burst scintillation FRB 20220912A

In Situ Raman Monitoring of Trace Antibiotics in Different Harsh Water Environments

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 284-293页

作者： Chundong Liu Fengcai Lei Maogang Gong Xiaoming Zhou Xiaofei Zhao Zhen Li Chao Zhang Baoyuan Man Jing Yu School of physics and Electronics Institute of Materials and Clean EnergyShandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China College of chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceInstitute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China department of physics and astronomy University of KansasLawrenceKansas 66045USA Shandong Provincial Hospital Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan 250021China

In situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)is a widely used operando analytical technique,while facing numerous complex factors in applications under aqueous environment,such as low detection sensitivity,poor anti-interference capability,etc.,resulting in unreliable *** address these issues,herein a new hydrophobic SERS strategy has been *** comprehensively designing and researching a SERS-active structure of superhydrophobic ZnO/Ag nanowires,we demonstrate that hydrophobicity can not only draw analytes from water onto substrate,but also adjust"hottest spot"from the bottom of the nanowires to the *** a result,the structure can simultaneously concentrate the dispersed molecules in water and the enhanced electric field in structure into a same zone,while perfecting its own anti-interference *** underwater in situ analytical enhancement factor of this platform is as high as 1.67×10^(11),and the operando limited of detection for metronidazole(MNZ)reaches to 10^(-9)*** importantly,we also successfully generalized this structure to various real in situ detection scenarios,including on-site detection of MNZ in corrosive urine,real-time warning of wrong dose of MNZ during intravenous therapy,in situ monitoring of MNZ in flowing wastewater with particulate interference,etc.,demonstrating the great application potential of this hydrophobic *** work realizes a synergistic promotion for in situ SERS performance under aqueous environment,and also provides a novel view for improving other in situ analytical techniques.

关键词： antibiotic detection hydrophobic structure In situ Raman metronidazole wettability

Finding the magnetopause location using soft X-ray observations and a statistical inverse method

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Earth and Planetary physics 2024年第1期8卷 184-203页

作者： Gonzalo Cucho-Padin Hyunju Connor Jaewoong Jung Brian Walsh David G.Sibeck Space Weather Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA department of physics The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonDCUSA Geospace physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA astronomy department University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA Center for Space physics Department of Mechanical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA

Variability in the location and shape of the dayside magnetopause is attributed to magnetic reconnection,a fundamental process that enables the transfer of mass,energy,and momentum from the solar wind into the *** spatial and temporal properties of the magnetopause,under varying solar and magnetospheric conditions,remain largely unknown because empirical studies using in-situ observations are challenging to *** wide field-of-view(FOV)imaging is the only means to simultaneously observe the spatial distribution of the plasma properties over the vast dayside magnetospheric region and,subsequently,quantify the energy transport from the interplanetary medium into the terrestrial *** upcoming missions,ESA/CAS SMILE and NASA’s LEXI will provide wide-field imagery of the dayside magnetosheath in soft X-rays,an emission generated by charge exchange interactions between high charge-state heavy ions of solar wind origin and exospheric neutral ***-cadence two-dimensional observations of the magnetosheath will allow the estimation of dynamic properties of its inner boundary,the magnetopause,and enable studies of its response to changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure and interplanetary magnetic field *** work introduces a statistically-based estimation approach based on inverse theory to estimate the spatial distribution of magnetosheath soft X-ray emissivities and,with this,identify the location of the magnetopause over the Sun−Earth *** do so,we simulate the magnetosheath structure using the MHD-based OpenGGCM model and generate synthetic soft X-ray images using LEXI’s orbit and attitude *** results show that 3-D estimations using the described statistically-based technique are robust against Poisson-distributed shot noise inherent to soft X-ray ***,our proposed methodology shows that the accuracy of both three-dimensional(3-D)estimation and the magnetopause standoff distance calculation hi

关键词： magnetopause soft X-ray tomography

Point-symmetry in SNR G1.9+0.3:A Supernova that Destroyed its Planetary Nebula Progenitor

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Research in astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 165-172页

作者： Noam Soker department of physics TechnionHaifa3200003Israel

I analyze a new X-ray image of the youngest supernova remnant(SNR)in the Galaxy,which is the type Ia SNR G1.9+0.3,and reveal a very clear point-symmetrical *** explosion models of type Ia supernovae(SNe Ia)do not form such morphologies,the point-symmetrical morphology must come from the circumstellar material(CSM)into which the ejecta *** large-scale point-symmetry that I identify and the known substantial deceleration of the ejecta of SNR G1.9+0.3 suggest a relatively massive CSM of■1M⊙.I argue that the most likely explanation is the explosion of this SN Ia into a planetary *** scenario that predicts a large fraction of SN Ia inside PNe(SNIPs)is the core degenerate *** SN Ia scenarios might lead to only a very small fraction of SNIPs or none at all.

关键词： (stars:)supernovae:general ISM:supernova remnants (stars:)binaries(including multiple):close (ISM:)planetary nebulae:general stars:jets

Supernova 1987A's Keyhole:A Long-lived Jet-pair in the Final Explosion Phase of Core-collapse Supernovae

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Research in astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第7期24卷 89-94页

作者： Noam Soker department of physics TechnionHaifa3200003Israel

I further study the manner by which a pair of opposite jets shape the“keyhole”morphological structure of the core-collapse supernova(CCSN)SN 1997A,now the CCSN remnant(CCSNR)*** doing so,I strengthen the claim that the jittering-jet explosion mechanism accounts for most,likely all,***“keyhole”structure comprises a northern low-intensity zone closed with a bright rim on its front and an elongated low-intensity nozzle in the *** rim-nozzle asymmetry is observed in some cooling flow clusters and planetary nebulae that are observed to be shaped by jets.I build a toy model that uses the planar jittering jets pattern,where consecutive pairs of jets tend to jitter in a common plane,implying that the accreted gas onto the newly born neutron star at the late explosion phase flows perpendicular to that *** allows for a long-lived jet-launching *** long-lasting jet-launching episode launches more mass into the jets that can inflate larger pairs of ears or bubbles,forming the main jets'axis of the CCSNR that is not necessarily related to a possible pre-collapse core rotation.I discuss the relation of the main jets'axis to the neutron star's natal kick velocity.

关键词： stars massive-(stars)supernovae general-(stars)supernovae individual(SN 1987A)-ISM supernova remnants-stars jets

Thick Electrodes of a Self-Assembled MXene Hydrogel Composite for High-Rate Energy Storage

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第4期7卷 255-261页

作者： Leiqiang Qin Jianxia Jiang Lintao Hou Fengling Zhang Johanna Rosen department of physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Link?ping University Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII) Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials Physics Department Jinan University

Supercapacitors based on two-dimensional MXene （Ti3C2Tz） have shown extraordinary performance in ultrathin electrodes with low mass loading,but usually there is a significant reduction in high-rate performance as the thickness increases,caused by increasing ion diffusion *** limitations include restacking of the nanosheets,which makes it challenging to realize the full potential of these electrode materials.

关键词： energy storage high-rate hydrogel MXene self-assemble

Detection of astrophysical gravitational wave sources by TianQin and LISA

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & astronomy) 2024年第5期67卷 123-163页

作者： Alejandro Torres-Orjuela Shun-Jia Huang Zheng-Cheng Liang Shuai Liu Hai-Tian Wang Chang-Qing Ye Yi-Ming Hu Jianwei Mei MOE Key Laboratory of Tian Qin Mission Tian Qin Research Center for Gravitational PhysicsSchool of Physics and AstronomyFrontiers Science Center for Tian QinGravitational Wave Research Center of CNSASun Yat-Sen University(Zhuhai Campus)Zhuhai 519082China department of physics The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Kavli Institute for astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing100871China

TianQin and LISA are space-based laser interferometer gravitational wave(GW)detectors planned to be launched in the *** detectors will detect low-frequency GWs around 10^(-2)Hz;however,Tian Qin is more sensitive to frequencies above this common sweet-spot while LISA is more sensitive to frequencies below 10^(-2)***,Tian Qin and LISA will be able to detect the same sources but with different accuracy depending on the source and its *** consider some of the most important astrophysical sources—massive black hole binaries,stellar-mass black hole binaries,double white dwarfs,extreme mass ratio inspirals,light and heavy intermediate mass ratio inspirals,as well as the stochastic gravitational background of astrophysical origin—that Tian Qin and LISA will be able to *** each of these sources,we analyze how far they can be detected(detection distance)and how well their parameters can be measured(detection accuracy)using a Fisher Matrix *** compare the results obtained by the three detection scenarios(Tian Qin alone,LISA alone,and joint detection by LISA and Tian Qin)highlighting the gains from joint detection as well as the contribution of Tian Qin and LISA to a combined study of astrophysical *** particular,we consider the different orientations,lifetimes,and duty cycles of the two detectors to explore how they can give a more complete picture when working together.

关键词： wave extreme stochastic

Computational and bioinformatics tools for understanding disease mechanisms

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BIOCELL 2024年第6期48卷 935-944页

作者： MOHD ATHAR ANU MANHAS NISARG RANA AHMAD IRFAN physics department University of CagliariCittadella UniversitariaMonserrato(CA)09042Italy department of chemistry School of Energy TechnologyPandit Deendayal Energy UniversityGandhinagar382426India department of chemistry College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61413Saudi Arabia

Computational methods have signiﬁcantly transformed biomedical research,offering a comprehensive exploration of disease mechanisms and molecular protein *** article reviews a spectrum of computational tools and network analysis databases that play a crucial role in identifying potential interactions and signaling networks contributing to the onset of disease *** utilization of protein/gene interaction and genetic variation databases,coupled with pathway analysis can facilitate the identiﬁcation of potential drug *** bridging the gap between molecular-level information and disease understanding,this review contributes insights into the impactful utilization of computational methods,paving the way for targeted interventions and therapeutic advancements in biomedical research.

关键词： Interaction database Disease mechanisms Protein function Network analysis Bioinformatics Genetic variations Protein-protein interactions Signaling pathways

Life under tension: the relevance of force on biological polymers

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Biophysics Reports 2024年第1期10卷 48-56页

作者： Matthew T.J.Halma Longfu Xu department of physics and astronomy and Laser Lab Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam LUMICKS B.V.

Optical tweezers have elucidated numerous biological processes, particularly by enabling the precise manipulation and measurement of tension. One question concerns the biological relevance of these experiments and the generalizability of these experiments to wider biological systems. Here, we categorize the applicability of the information garnered from optical tweezers in two distinct categories: the direct relevance of tension in biological systems, and what experiments under tension can tell us about biological systems, while these systems do not reach the same tension as the experiment, still, these artificial experimental systems reveal insights into the operations of biological machines and life processes.

关键词： Tension Optical tweezers Molecular force