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Critical review of biochar for the removal of emerging inorganic pollutants from wastewater

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Chinese chemical Letters 2025年第2期36卷 127-135页

作者： Chong Liu Nanthi Bolan Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha Hailong Wang Paramasivan Balasubramanian Pengyan Zhang Xuan Cuong Nguyen Fayong Li College of Water resources and Architectural engineering Tarim University department of chemical & Materials engineering University of Auckland UWA School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia The UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia Ecosphere Resilience Research Center Faculty of Applied Sciences University of Sri Jayewardenepura Instrument Center Faculty of Applied Sciences University of Sri Jayewardenepura School of Environmental and chemical engineering Foshan University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences Guangdong Academy of Sciences Faculty of Environmental chemical engineering Duy Tan University Faculty of Environmental chemical engineering Duy Tan University

Current research primarily focuses on emerging organic pollutants, with limited attention to emerging inorganic pollutants (EIPs). However, due to advances in detection technology and the escalating environmental and health challenges posed by pollution, there is a growing interest in treating waters contaminated with EIPs. This paper explores biochar characteristics and modification methods, encompassing physical, chemical, and biological approaches for adsorbing EIPs. It offers a comprehensive review of research advancements in employing biochar for EIPs remediation in water, outlines the adsorption mechanisms of EIPs by biochar, and presents an environmental and economic analysis. It can be concluded that using biochar for the adsorption of EIPs in wastewater exhibits promising potential. Nonetheless, it is noteworthy that certain EIPs like Au(III), Rh(III), Ir(III), Ru(III), Os(III), Sc(III), and Y(III), have not been extensively investigated regarding their adsorption onto biochar. This comprehensive review will catalyze further inquiry into the biochar-based adsorption of EIPs, addressing current research deficiencies and advancing the practical implementation of biochar as a potent substrate for EIP removal from wastewater streams.

关键词： Adsorption Biochar Emerging contaminants Emerging inorganic pollutants Emerging pollutants Metal ions Removal

Thermodynamic modelling of unloaded and loaded N,N-diethylethanolamine solutions

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Green Energy & Environment 2016年第3期1卷 246-257页

作者： Monica Garcia Hanna K.Knuutila Sai Gu department of chemical and process engineering Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Surrey department of chemical engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)

chemical absorption is a crucial step for several chemical processes such as ammonia production, coal gasification, methane reforming,ethylene oxide manufacturing and treatment of associated gas streams [1]. It is considered one of the main processes to eliminate CO_2 emissions from power plants by *** of new solvents are of high interest in chemical absorption for carbon capture. For the design of the absorption and desorption columns it is essential to know the vapour-liquid equilibrium(VLE), heat of absorption and densities. N,N-diethylethanolamine(DEEA) appeared as one of the amines with the lowest amount of energy needed for its regeneration [2], which would directly decrease the operation costs. DEEA has a high CO_2 loading of 1 mol/mol of amine compared to the traditional MEA solvent(0.5 mol/mol amine) and is obtained from renewable sources[1]. The main weakness is its low absorption rate and consequently the use of promoters is *** this work, a thermodynamic model based on the electrolyte non-random two-liquid theory(eNRTL) was created and fitted to correlate and predict the partial and total pressures of the unloaded and loaded aqueous DEEA solutions. New interaction parameters were obtained for the binary and tertiary system. This model represents the vapour pressures of the pure components, DEEA and H_2 O, with AARD of 1.9% and 1.73%respectively. Furthermore, the fitted model predicts the total pressure above the binary system, H_2O-DEEA, with AARD of 0.05%. The excess of enthalpy and densities are predicted with AARD of 5.63% and 1.38% respectively. The tertiary system, H_2O-DEEA-CO_2, is fitted for 2 M and5 M DEEA solutions with loading between 0.042 and 0.9 mol CO_2/mol amine up to 80 ℃. Results of CO_2 partial pressures and total pressures are reproduced, with AARD of 19.45% and 16.18% respectively. Densities are predicted with an AARD of 1.52%.

关键词： DEEA CO2 capture chemical absorption Modelling

Predicting hydrate forming pressure of pure alkanes in the presence of inhibitors

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2008年第3期17卷 249-255页

作者： Alireza Bahadori Hari B.Vuthaluru Saeid Mokhatab Moses O.Tade department of chemical engineering Curtin University of Technology process Technology department Tehran Raymand Consulting Engineers

An inherent problem with natural gas production or transmission is the formation of gas hydrates, which can lead to safety hazards for production/transportation systems, and substantial economic risks. Hydrate inhibition with different inhibitors such as, methanol, ethylene glycol （EG）, triethylene glycol （TEG）, and sodium chloride solution continues to play a critical role in many operations. An understanding of when the hydrates form in the presence of these hydrate inhibitors, is therefore necessary to overcome hydrate problems. Several thermodynamic models have been proposed for predicting the hydrate formation conditions in aqueous solutions containing methanol/glycols and electrolytes. However, available models have limitations that include the types of liquid, compositions of fluids, and inhibitors used. The aim of this study is to develop a simple-to-use correlation for accurate prediction of hydrate-forming pressures of pure alkanes in the presence of different hydrate inhibitors, where the obtained results illustrate good agreement with the reported experimental data.

关键词： gas hydrates pure alkanes methanol: ethylene glycol triethylene glycol sodium chloride

A decision tree based decomposition method for oil refinery scheduling

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Chinese Journal of chemical engineering 2018年第8期26卷 1605-1612页

作者： Xiaoyong Gao Dexian Huang Yongheng Jiang Tao Chen Institute for Ocean engineering China University of Petroleum department of Automation Tsinghua University department of chemical and process engineering University of Surrey

Refinery scheduling attracts increasing concerns in both academic and industrial communities in recent ***, due to the complexity of refinery processes, little has been reported for success use in real world refineries. In academic studies, refinery scheduling is usually treated as an integrated, large-scale optimization problem,though such complex optimization problems are extremely difficult to solve. In this paper, we proposed a way to exploit the prior knowledge existing in refineries, and developed a decision making system to guide the scheduling process. For a real world fuel oil oriented refinery, ten adjusting process scales are predetermined. A C4.5 decision tree works based on the finished oil demand plan to classify the corresponding category(i.e. adjusting scale). Then,a specific sub-scheduling problem with respect to the determined adjusting scale is solved. The proposed strategy is demonstrated with a scheduling case originated from a real world refinery.

关键词： Refinery scheduling Decision tree C4.5 Decomposition method

“Super-heterojunctioned” thermoelectric polymers

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Chinese chemical Letters 2025年第2期36卷 32-33页

作者： Hanying Li Wee-Liat Ong MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization International Research Center for X PolymersDepartment of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University ZJU-UIUC Institute College of Energy Engineering Zhejiang University

Given the increasing demand for distributed electricity, there is a burning desire to harvest electricity from renewable sources using environmentally friendly methods. Thermoelectric (TE) materials can meet this requirement not only because of their ability to convert heat directly into electricity, enabling energy harvesting from waste heat and natural heat resources, but also because more than 60%of the energy is lost as waste heat [1]. The discovery of the TE effect dates back to the 1820s when T. M. Seebeck observed electricity generation at the junction of two conductors with different temperatures. Additionally, when a voltage is applied to TE materials, they can create a temperature difference to enable solid-state cooling (known as the Peltier effect).Therefore, the TE effect promises both sustainable energy solutions and temperature control technologies. Over the past two decades,the urgent demand for powering ubiquitous Internet of Things devices has sparked significant interest in flexible thermoelectrics(F-TEs), which raises an intriguing question:Is the intrinsically flexible polymer an important candidate for state-of-the-art F-TEs applications?

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Impact of the spindle number on the material transport and mixing during planetary roller melt granulation Author links open overlay panel

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Particuology 2024年第8期91卷 260-267页

作者： Tom Lang Jens Bartsch Laboratory of Solids process engineering Department of Biochemical and Chemical EngineeringTU Dortmund University44227DortmundGermany

In comparison to the established twin-screw machines,the application of a planetary roller granulator for continuous operation of melt granulation is a promising alternative based on the unique process *** initial study focused on the material transport during processing as a key driver for the overall ***,the impact of direct process parameters on the residence time distribution was the main *** investigations are complemented in this study by considering the free processing volume,which is defined by the number of planetary spindles applied within a *** impact on the processing conditions is evaluated with respect to the process setting in terms of feed rate and rotation *** results highlight the potential of altering the underlying transport function in planetary roller melt granulation(PRMG)via the investigated direct process and equipment *** impact of the feed rate is lower in comparison,while a higher rotation speed as well as a higher free processing volume promote material ***,a normalization of the determined residence time distribution(RTD)model data was feasible with respect to the process settings and the number of applied planetary spindles in the processing *** demonstrates the key role of the free processing volume in the fundamental mechanisms of material transport and mixing during PRMG.

关键词： Continuous manufacturing Melt granulation Planetaryroller granulator Quality-by-Design Residence time Material mixing

Osmotic concentration of succinic acid by forward osmosis:Influence of feed solution pH and evaluation of seawater as draw solution

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Chinese Journal of chemical engineering 2018年第5期26卷 976-983页

作者： Jeng Yih Law Abdul Wahab Mohammad department of chemical and process engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Section of chemical engineering Technology Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology

In this study, we investigated the essential role of feed solution pH so as to gain insights into the transport mechanisms of succinic acid concentration by osmotically-driven forward osmosis （FO） process. FO performances including water flux and bidirectional transport of succinate and chloride anions were systematically examined using cellulose triacetate-based FO membrane. Additionally, real seawater was explored as draw solution. Experimental results revealed that the pH-dependent speciation of succinic acid can affect the FO performances. Ionization of succinic acid at higher solution pH enhanced the osmotic pressure of feed solution, thus leading to lower water flux performance. A strong effect was pointed out on the succinate rejection for which nearly 100% rejections were achieved at pH above its pKa2 value. The rejection of succinate increased in the following order of chemical form： C2H4C2O4H2 〈 C2H4C2OH- 〈 C2H4C2O24-. With real seawater as the draw solution, low to moderate water fluxes （〈4 L. m- 2. h- 1 ） were observed. The divalent succinate anion was highly retained in the feed side despite differences in the succinic acid feed concentration at pH of approximately 6.90.

关键词： Forward osmosis Succinic acid pH Transport mechanism Seawater

Effect of Water Concentration on the Characterization of Sprayed Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S Films

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第6期28卷 237-240页

作者： Sur S Öztürk Z Öztaş.M Bedir M Özdemir Y department of engineering Physics University of GaziantepGaziantepTurkey chemical and process engineering department Yalova UniversityYalovaTurkey

Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S film samples are prepared by a spray pyrolysis technique using aqueous solutions of CdC_(l2),ZnC_(l2),SC(NH2)2 and deionized water,which are atomized using compressed air as the carrier gas onto glass substrates with different water(H2O)concentrations.H2O is used as the *** prepared films are characterized by means of XRD and UV−VIS *** results reveal that the structures and properties of the films are greatly affected by the H2O *** in a certain range of concentrations promotes the formation of the Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S films and improves the properties of the films.

关键词： spectroscopy pyrolysis

Oxidation of propane to acrylic acid and acetic acid over alkaline earth-doped Mo-V-Sb-O_x catalysts

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2010年第6期19卷 593-599页

作者： Chandan S.Chaudhari Shailesh S.Sable Hanumant Gurav Ashutosh A.Kelkar Vilas H.Rane chemical engineering and process Development Division National Chemical Laboratory Catalysis Division National Chemical Laboratory

Alkaline earth metal （Mg,Ca,Sr and Ba）-doped Mo-V-Sb-O x catalysts,prepared by a dry-up method,have been investigated for their catalytic performance in the oxidation of propane under different reaction *** catalysts have been characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption,temperature-programmed desorption （TPD） of NH3,SEM and *** of water vapor on the catalytic performance,particularly on the selectivities to acetic acid and acrylic acid,has also been *** selectivity to acrylic acid was improved significantly by the doping of alkaline earth metals to Mo-V-Sb-O x *** surface acidic sites of the catalyst decreased with the doping of the catalyst with alkaline earth metals,which ultimately was found to be beneficial for obtaining high selectivity to acrylic *** catalytic activity and product selectivities were found to be influenced by the reaction temperature,C3H8/O2 ratio and space velocity.A significant improvement in the selectivity to acrylic acid has also been observed by the addition of water vapor in the feed of propane and oxygen in the oxidation of propane.

关键词： oxidation of propane surface acidity alkaline earth doped Mo-V-Sb-Ox catalysts acrylic acid acetic acid