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Two-Stream Approximation to the Radiative Transfer Equation:A New Improvement and Comparative Accuracy with Existing Methods

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： F.Momo TEMGOUA L.Akana NGUIMDO DNJOMO environmental Energy technologies Laboratory(EETL) Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon department of Electrical and Electronic engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

Mathematical modeling of the interaction between solar radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is formalized by the radiative transfer equation(RTE), whose resolution calls for two-stream approximations among other methods. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of the RTE with the development of the phase function and the intensity into a third-order series of Legendre polynomials. This new approach, which adds one more term in the expression of the intensity and the phase function, allows in the conditions of a plane parallel atmosphere a new mathematical formulation of γparameters. It is then compared to the Eddington, Hemispheric Constant, Quadrature, Combined Delta Function and Modified Eddington, and second-order approximation methods with reference to the Discrete Ordinate(Disort) method(δ –128 streams), considered as the most precise. This work also determines the conversion function of the proposed New Method using the fundamental definition of two-stream approximation(F-TSA) developed in a previous work. Notably,New Method has generally better precision compared to the second-order approximation and Hemispheric Constant methods. Compared to the Quadrature and Eddington methods, New Method shows very good precision for wide domains of the zenith angle μ 0, but tends to deviate from the Disort method with the zenith angle, especially for high values of optical thickness. In spite of this divergence in reflectance for high values of optical thickness, very strong correlation with the Disort method(R ≈ 1) was obtained for most cases of optical thickness in this study. An analysis of the Legendre polynomial series for simple functions shows that the high precision is due to the fact that the approximated functions ameliorate the accuracy when the order of approximation increases, although it has been proven that there is a limit order depending on the function from which the precision is lost. This observation indicates that increasing the order of app

关键词： Radiative Transfer Equation two-stream method Legendre polynomial optical thickness moments of specific intensity conversion function transmittance reflectance

Active and passive modulation of solar light transmittance in a uniquely multifunctional dual-band single molecule for smart window applications

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 293-305,I0007页

作者： Pooja V.Chavan Pramod V.Rathod Joohyung Lee Sergei V.Kostjuk Hern Kim department of Energy Science and Technology Environmental Waste Recycle InstituteMyongji UniversityYonginGyeonggi-do 17058Republic of Korea department of chemical engineering Myongji UniversityYonginGyeonggi-do 17058Republic of Korea Research Institute for Physical chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University MinskBelarus

Functional materials may change color by heat and electricity separately or simultaneously in smart *** materials have not only demonstrated remarkable potential in the modulation of solar radiation but are also leading to the development of indoor environments that are more comfortable and conducive to improving individuals'quality of ***,dual-responsive materials have not received ample research attention due to economic and technological *** a consequence,the broader utilization of smart windows faces *** address this new generational multistimulus responsive chromic materials,our group has adopted a developmental strategy to create a poly(NIPAM)n-HV as a switchable material by anchoring active viologen(HV)onto a phase-changing poly(NIPAM)n-based smart material for better utility and *** constructed smart windows facilitate individualistic reversible switching,from a highly transparent state to an opaque state(thermochromic)and a red state(electrochromic),as well as facilitate a simultaneous dual-stimuli response reversible switching from a clear transparent state to a fully opaque(thermochromic)and orange(electrochromic)*** privacy can be attained in smart windows designed for exclusive settings by achieving zero *** unique chromic mode operates independently and modulates visible and near-infrared(NIR)light in a distinct ***,these smart windows with thermal and electric dual-stimuli responsiveness demonstrate remarkable heat regulation capabilities,rendering them highly attractive for applications in building facades,energy harvesting,privacy protection,and color display.

关键词： Smart windows Thermochromism Electrochromism Energy saving Dual-responsive material

Co_(3)O_(4)as an efficient passive NO_(x) adsorber for emission control during cold-start of diesel engines

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Chinese Journal of chemical engineering 2024年第2期66卷 1-7页

作者： Jinhuang Cai Shijie Hao Yun Zhang Xiaomin Wu Zhenguo Li Huawang Zhao department of environmental Science&engineering College of Chemical EngineeringHuaqiao UniversityXiamen 361021China Wuxi Weifu environmental Catalysts Co. LtdWuxi 214000China National engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology China Automotive Technology&Research Center Co.Ltd.Tianjin 300300China

The Co_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles,dominated by a catalytically active(110)lattice plane,were synthesized as a low-temperature NO_(x) adsorbent to control the cold start emissions from *** nanoparticles boast a substantial quantity of active chemisorbed oxygen and lattice oxygen,which exhibited a NO_(x) uptake capacity commensurate with Pd/SSZ-13 at 100℃.The primary NO_(x) release temperature falls within a temperature range of 200-350℃,making it perfectly suitable for diesel *** characterization results demonstrate that chemisorbed oxygen facilitate nitro/nitrites intermediates formation,contributing to the NO_(x) storage at 100℃,while the nitrites begin to decompose within the 150-200℃***,lattice oxygen likely becomes involved in the activation of nitrites into more stable nitrate within this particular temperature *** concurrent processes of nitrites decomposition and its conversion to nitrates results in a minimal NO_(x) release between the temperatures of 150-200℃.The nitrate formed via lattice oxygen mainly induces the NO_(x) to be released as NO_(2) within a temperature range of 200-350℃,which is advantageous in enhancing the NO_(x) activity of downstream NH_(3)-SCR catalysts,by boosting the fast SCR reaction *** to its low cost,considerable NO_(x) absorption capacity,and optimal release temperature,Co_(3)O_(4)demonstrates potential as an effective material for passive NO_(x) adsorber applications.

关键词： Emission control Cold-start Low-temperature adsorption Co_(3)O_(4) Nitrate formation

engineering oxygen vacancies on Tb-doped ceria supported Pt catalyst for hydrogen production through steam reforming of long-chain hydrocarbon fuels

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Chinese Journal of chemical engineering 2024年第4期68卷 181-192页

作者： Zhourong Xiao Changxuan Zhang Peng Li Desong Wang Xiangwen Zhang Li Wang Jijun Zou Guozhu Li State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology(MMST) Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied ChemistryCollege of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China Key Laboratory for Green chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Steam reforming of long-chain hydrocarbon fuels for hydrogen production has received great attention for thermal management of the hypersonic vehicle and fuel-cell *** this work,Pt catalysts supported on CeO_(2)and Tb-doped CeO_(2)were prepared by a precipitation *** physical structure and chemical properties of the as-prepared catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,Raman spectroscopy,H_(2)temperature programmed reduction,and X-ray photoelectron *** results show that Tb-doped CeO_(2)supported Pt possesses abundant surface oxygen vacancies,good inhibition of ceria sintering,and strong metal-support interaction compared with CeO_(2)supported *** catalytic performance of hydrogen production via steam reforming of long-chain hydrocarbon fuels(n-dodecane)was *** with 2Pt/CeO_(2),2Pt/Ce_(0.9)Tb_(0.1)O_(2),and 2Pt/Ce_(0.5)Tb_(0.5)O_(2),the 2Pt/Ce_(0.7)Tb_(0.3)O_(2)has higher activity and stability for hydrogen production,on which the conversion of n-dodecane was maintained at about 53.2%after 600 min reaction under 700℃at liquid space velocity of 9 ml·g^(-1)·h^(-1).2Pt/CeO_(2)rapidly deactivated,the conversion of n-dodecane was reduced to only 41.6%after 600 min.

关键词： Steam reforming n-Dodecane Hydrogen production Pt-based catalyst Oxygen vacancy CeO_(2)

Microalgae cultivation in photobioreactors: sustainable solutions for a greener future

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Green chemical engineering 2024年第4期5卷 418-439页

作者： Shaikh Abdur Razzak Khairul Bahar K.M.Oajedul Islam Abdul Khaleel Haniffa Mohammed Omar Faruque S.M.Zakir Hossain Mohammad M.Hossain chemical engineering department King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Center for Refining and Advanced chemicals King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals department of chemical engineering University of Bahrain

Microalgae cultivation in photobioreactors（PBRs） has emerged as a promising and sustainable approach to address various environmental and energy challenges, offering a multitude of benefits across diverse *** developments in microalgae cultivation in photobioreactors have contributed substantially to the development and optimization of sustainable bioprocesses. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of recent innovations and breakthroughs in the field of microalgae cultivation, with a specific focus on their application in photobioreactors, aimed at paving the way for a greener future. This study in-depth examines the advantages of microalgae cultivation in photobioreactors, concentrating on its effectiveness in wastewater treatment, CO2bioremediation, and the production of biofuels and high-value products. The review evaluates the effects of light,solar irradiation, temperature, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in culture media, CO2concentrations, and pH on microalgae growth performance, including specific growth and biomass productivity. The study also examines open systems like unstirred ponds, raceway ponds, and circular ponds and closed systems like horizontal tubular, vertical bubble-column, airlift, flat panel, and plastic-bag photobioreactors, comparing their pros and cons. To optimize microalgae cultivation, key factors in photobioreactor design, including photosynthetic efficiencies, light/dark（L/D） cycles, CO2concentrations, mass transfer, hydrodynamics behavior, and p H, are extensively investigated. In addition, the review outlines recent developments in large-scale photobioreactors and highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with photobioreactor scale-up and design parameter optimization, including genetic engineering and economic feasibility. This article is a vital resource for researchers, engineers, and industry professionals seeking sustainable bioprocesses and the application of microalgae-based technol

关键词： Microalgae biomass CO 2 biofixation Wastewater treatment Biofuel Photobioreactors

Quantitative discrimination of surface adsorbed NO_(x) species on CeO_(2) via spectrophotometry for SCR denitration investigation

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1066-1072,I0003页

作者： Songil Sin Jiawei Ji Lijun Cheng Zhiwen Gu Chong Tan Kwangchol Ri Changjin Tang School of Environment Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China department of Mining engineering Kim Chaek University of TechnologyPyongyang999093Democratic People's Republic of Korea Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing20023China Institute of chemical engineering Hamhung University of Chemical EngineeringHamhungDemocratic People's Republic of Korea Jiangsu Province engineering Research Center of environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology Nanjing210023China

CeO_(2)-based catalysts are widely investigated for selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO with *** of NO/O_(2) with CeO_(2) generally produces two surface species,i.e.,nitrates and ***,the explicit quantification of these two species is still ***,we reported that spectrophotometry characterization was effective in determining surface adsorbed NOx species on CeO_(2) by measuring the corresponding ions(NO_(2)-and NO_(3)^(-))dissolved in aqueous *** results show that both nitrate(-NO_(3))and nitrite(-NO_(2))species can be quantitatively evaluated and the accuracy is verified by calibrating with NOx-TPD *** transfer of adsorbed NOx from catalyst surface to aqueous solution is confirmed and the dissolution process can be accelerated by ultrasonic ***,useful information related to evolution of surface NOx species under various conditions(O_(2) treatment,different adsorption temperature and duration)and over different catalysts(Fe_(2)O_(3),MnO_(2) and MnOx—CeO_(2))are *** result of present study demonstrates the potential of spectrophotometry for quantitative discrimination of surface NOx species on CeO_(2) and other oxide-based materials,which is conducive to mechanism analysis of SCR reaction.

关键词： Quantitative evaluation Spectrophotometry analysis Nitrate species Nitrite species CeO_(2)catalyst NH_(3)-SCR

Structural integration of solar desalination system

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Science China Materials 2024年第6期67卷 2039-2041页

作者： Diling Yang Hao Zhang Hongbo Zeng School of Materials and environmental engineering Hunan University of HumanitiesScience and TechnologyLoudi 417000China department of chemical and Materials engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 1H9Canada

As population grow and climate change place significant water stress on numerous regions,the demand for efficient and environmentally friendly water resource solutions becomes increasingly *** address this challenge,desalination technology has received much attention and is widely employed,with a recent emphasis on solar-powered solutions driven by the global push for carbon neutrality.

关键词： neutral system integration

Effects of synthetic site water on bentonite-concrete system for a potential nuclear waste repository

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第9期16卷 3786-3797页

作者： Zhao Sun Yong-Gui Chen Wei-Min Ye Qiong Wang Dong-Bei Wu Zhen-Yu Yin Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Geotechnical EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092China department of Civil and environmental engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina School of chemical Science and engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China

In high-level nuclear waste(HLW)repositories,concrete and compacted bentonite are designed to be employed as buffer materials,which may raise a problem of interactions between concrete and *** interactions would lead to mineralogy transformation and buffer performance decay of bentonite under the near field environment conditions in a repository.A small-scale experimental setup was established to simulate the concrete-bentonite-site water interaction system from a potential nuclear waste repository in *** types of mortars were prepared to correspond to the concrete at different degradation *** results permit the determination of the following:(1)The macroproperties of Gaomiaozi(GMZ)bentonite(*** pressure,permeability,the final dry density,and water content of reacted samples);(2)The composition evolution of fluids from the synthetic site water-concrete-bentonite interaction systems;(3)The sample characterization including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and X-ray powder diffraction(XRD).Under the infiltration of the synthesis Beishan site water(BSW),the swelling pressure of bentonite decreases slowly with time after reaching its second swelling *** flux decreases with time during the infiltrations,and it tends to be stable after more than 120 *** to the cation exchange reactions in the BSW-concrete-bentonite systems,the divalent cations(Ca and Mg)were consumed,and the monovalent cations(Na and K)were *** dissolution of minerals in the bentonite such as albite causes Si increasing in the pore *** was concluded that the hydro-mechanical property degradation of bentonite takes place when it comes into contact with concrete mortar,even under low-pH groundwater *** soil dispersion,the uneven water content,and the uneven dry density in bentonite samples may partly contribute to the swelling decay of ***,the direct contact with concrete has an obvious effect on the performance

关键词： Mock-up device GMZ bentonite Site water-concrete-bentonite system Geochemistry Buffer performance

Enhancing photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction with TiO_(2)-based materials:Strategies,mechanisms,challenges,and perspectives

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environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第4期20卷 18-33页

作者： Zhimin Yuan Xianglin Zhu Xianqiang Gao Changhua An Zheng Wang Cheng Zuo Dionysios D.Dionysiou Hong He Zaiyong Jiang School of Chemistry&chemical engineering and environmental engineering Weifang UniversityWeifang261061PR China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085PR China Institute for Energy Research School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013PR China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringTianjin University of TechnologyTianjin300384PR China environmental engineering and Science Program Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering(DChEE)University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH45221-0012USA College of Forestry Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian271018PR China

The concentration of atmospheric CO_(2)has exceeded 400 ppm,surpassing its natural variability and raising concerns about uncontrollable shifts in the carbon cycle,leading to significant climate and environmental impacts.A promising method to balance carbon levels and mitigate atmospheric CO_(2)rise is through photocatalytic CO_(2)*** dioxide(TiO_(2)),renowned for its affordability,stability,availability,and eco-friendliness,stands out as an exemplary catalyst in photocatalytic CO_(2)*** strategies have been proposed to modify TiO_(2)for photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction and improve catalytic activity and product ***,few studies have systematically summarized these strategies and analyzed their advantages,disadvantages,and current ***,we comprehensively review recent advancements in TiO_(2)engineering,focusing on crystal engineering,interface design,and reactive site construction to enhance photocatalytic efficiency and product *** discuss how modifications in TiO_(2)'s optical characteristics,carrier migration,and active site design have led to varied and selective CO_(2)reduction *** enhancements are thoroughly analyzed through experimental data and theoretical ***,we identify current challenges and suggest future research directions,emphasizing the role of TiO_(2)-based materials in understanding photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction mechanisms and in designing effective *** review is expected to contribute to the global pursuit of carbon neutrality by providing foundational insights into the mechanisms of photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction with TiO_(2)-based materials and guiding the development of efficient photocatalysts.

关键词： summarized dioxide neutral