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The effect of slime accumulated in a long-term operating UASB using crude glycerol to treat S-rich wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 353-366页

作者： Xudong Zhou Eva Fernández-Palacios Antoni DDorado Javier Lafuente Xavier Gamisans David Gabriel Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China GENOCOV research Group Department of ChemicalBiological and Environmental EngineeringEscola d’EnginyeriaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193 BellaterraSpain department of Mining Industrial and ICT EngineeringUniversitat Politècnica de CatalunyaAvinguda de les Bases de Manresa 61-7308242 ManresaSpain

An up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB)reactor targeting sulfate reduction was operated under a constant TOC/S-SO2-4ratio of 1.5±0.3 g C/g S for 639 days using crude glycerol as carbon source.A filamentous and fluffy flocculant material,namely slime-like substances(SLS),was gradually accumulated in the bioreactor after the cease of methanogenic *** accumulation of SLS was followed by a decrease in the removal efficiencies and a deterioration in the *** characteristics of SLS were investigated to explore the causes of its formation and the effect of SLS on the UASB *** showed that glycerol fermentation and sulfate reduction processes taking place in the reactor were mainly accomplished in the bottom part of the UASB reactor,as the sludge concentration in the bottom was *** accumulation of SLS in the UASB reactor caused sludge flotation that further led to biomass washout,which decreased the sulfate and glycerol removal *** activity tests performed with granular sludge(GS),slime-covered granular sludge(SCGS)and SLS showed that there was no difference between GS and SLS in the mechanism of glycerol fermentation and sulfate ***,the specific sulfate reduction rate of GS was higher than that of SLS,while SLS showed a higher glycerol fermentation rate than that of *** different rates in GS and SLS were attributed to the higher relative abundances of fermentative microorganisms found in SLS and higher relative abundances of sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB)found in GS.

关键词： Sludge flotation Granular sludge Slime-like substances Glycerol fermentation Sulfate reduction Removal efficiency

Polyethylene interfacial dielectric layer for organic semiconductor single crystal based field-effect transistors

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Chinese chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 431-435页

作者： Min Chen Boyu Peng Xuyun Guo Ye Zhu Hanying Li department of Polymer Science and engineering MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationInternational Research Center for X PolymersShanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China department of Applied Physics Research Institute for Smart EnergyThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China

Organic semiconductor single crystals(OSSCs) have shown their promising potential in high-performance organic field-effect transistors(OFETs). The interfacial dielectric layers are critical in these OFETs as they not only govern the key semiconductor/dielectric interface quality but also determine the growth of OSSCs by their wetting properties. However, reported interfacial dielectric layers either need rigorous preparation processes, rely on certain surface chemistry reactions, or exhibit poor solvent resistance, which limits their applications in low-cost, large-area, monolithic fabrication of OSSC-based OFETs. In this work, polyethylene(PE) thin films and lamellar single crystals are utilized as the interfacial dielectric layers, providing solvent resistive but wettable surfaces that facilitate the crystallization of 6,13-bis(tri-isopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene(TIPS-PEN) and 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)-5,7,12,14-tetraazapentacene(TIPS-TAP). As evidenced by the presence of ambipolar behavior in TIPS-PEN single crystals and the high electron mobility(2.3 ± 0.34 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1)) in TIPS-TAP single crystals, a general improvement on electron transport with PE interfacial dielectric layers is revealed, which likely associates with the chemically inertness of the saturated C-H bonds. With the advantages in both processing and device operation, the PE interfacial dielectric layer potentially offers a monolithic way for the enhancement of electron transport in solution-processed OSSC-based OFETs.

关键词： Polyethylene Interfacial dielectric layer Organic semiconductor Single crystal Organic field-effect transistors

Improving Thermal-oxidative Aging Resistance of Styrene-butadiene Rubber by Antioxidant Loaded Silica Aerogel

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第8期42卷 1198-1209页

作者： Xue-Fei Ping Yu Wang Lu Liu Fu-Yong Liu Hong-Wei He Pi Wang Wen-Wen Yu Qiang Zheng College of Materials Science and engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Shanxi-Zheda institute of Advanced Materials and chemical engineering Taiyuan 030032China Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

The antioxidant N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine(4010NA)was dissolved in ethanol and impregnated into silica aerogel(SAG)via vacuum-pressure cycles,yielding composite particles(A-N)with enhanced sustained-release and reinforcing *** effect of A-N on the mechanical properties and thermal-oxidative aging resistance of styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)vulcanizates was *** and BET assessments indicated that the loading efficiency of 4010NA in SAG reached 14.26%within ethanol's solu bility *** A-N into SBR vulcanizates significantly elevated tensile strength by 17.5%and elongation at break by 41.9%over those with fumed silica and ***,A-N notably enhanced the thermal-oxidative aging resistance of *** aging for 96 h at 100℃,the tensile strength and elongation at break of SBR with A-N sustained 70.09%and 58.61%of their initial values,respectively,with the retention rate of elongation at break being 62.8%higher than that of SBR with fumed silica and free *** study revealed that A-N composite particles significantly inhibited the crosslinking in SBR's molecular chains,reducing hardening and embrittlement during later thermal-oxidative aging stages.

关键词： Styrene-butadiene rubber Silica aerogel Loading modification Thermal-oxidative aging

In-situ forming ultra-mechanically sensitive materials for high-sensitivity stretchable fiber strain sensors

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National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 254-263页

作者： Rouhui Yu Changxian Wang Xiangheng Du Xiaowen Bai Yongzhong Tong Huifang Chen Xuemei Sun Jing Yang Naoji Matsuhisa Huisheng Peng Meifang Zhu Shaowu Pan State Key Laboratory for Modification of chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University MOE Key Lab of Disaster Forecast and Control in engineering School of Mechanics and Construction Engineering Jinan University State Key Laboratory of Molecular engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science and Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices Fudan University department of Cardiology Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan-Xuhui Hospital Fudan University research Center for Advanced Science and Technology and Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo

Fiber electronics with flexible and weavable features can be easily integrated into textiles for wearable applications. However, due to small sizes and curved surfaces of fiber materials, it remains challenging to load robust active layers, thus hindering production of high-sensitivity fiber strain sensors. Herein, functional sensing materials are firmly anchored on the fiber surface in-situ through a hydrolytic condensation *** anchoring sensing layer with robust interfacial adhesion is ultra-mechanically sensitive, which significantly improves the sensitivity of strain sensors due to the easy generation of microcracks during stretching. The resulting stretchable fiber sensors simultaneously possess an ultra-low strain detection limit of 0.05%, a high stretchability of 100%, and a high gauge factor of 433.6, giving 254-folds enhancement in sensitivity. Additionally, these fiber sensors are soft and lightweight, enabling them to be attached onto skin or woven into clothes for recording physiological signals, e.g. pulse wave velocity has been effectively obtained by them. As a demonstration, a fiber sensor-based wearable smart healthcare system is designed to monitor and transmit health status for timely intervention. This work presents an effective strategy for developing high-performance fiber strain sensors as well as other stretchable electronic devices.

关键词： fiber strain sensor stretchable wearable healthcare

An interfacial robust and entire self-healing ionogel-elastomer hybrid for elastic electronics enables discretionary assembly and reconfiguration

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第4期67卷 1316-1323页

作者： Lei Yang Lijie Sun Hongfei Huang Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany Zhengwei You State Key Laboratory for Modification of chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Institute of Functional MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityResearch Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications(China Textile Engineering Society)Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative MedicineShanghai 201620China department of Polymer engineering Hakim Sabzevari UniversitySabzevar ***Iran Biotechnology Centre Silesian University of TechnologyGliwice 44-100Poland

Inspired by the multi-layer architecture of mammal skins,interfacial robust,stretchable,and entirely healable gel-elastomer hybrids hold great potential in diverse fields including biomedical devices,wearable electrical devices,and soft ***,existing gel-elastomer hybrids have numerous limitations including low interfacial bonding toughness,complex and time-consuming preparation process,unhealable,and ***,we propose a simple and general chemical strategy through the interfacial dynamic bonding between gel and elastomer to simultaneously address the abovementioned *** covalent bonds readily and repeatably covalent bonding ionogel and elastomer(interfacial toughness:390 J m^(-2)),endowed the hybrids with entire self-healing features like skin and enabled discretionary assembly and ***,this strategy resolved the troublesome contradiction between interfacial stability and *** advantage of the aforementioned features,we readily constructed a multi-module,self-healing,self-powered,and realtime monitoring of personal status integrated elastic electronics,which could simply reconfigure the output signal of elastic electronics into an input signal of the devices-braille keyboard.

关键词： ionogel elastomer interface bonding self-healing dynamic covalent bond

Organic polaritonic light-emitting diodes with high luminance and color purity toward laser displays

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第9期13卷 1956-1963页

作者： Jianbo De Ruiyang Zhao Fan Yin Chunling Gu Teng Long Han Huang Xue Cao Cunbin An Bo Liao Hongbing Fu Qing Liao Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of ChemistryCapital Normal University100048 BeijingChina Beijing Special engineering Design and research institute 100028 BeijingChina institute of Process engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences100190 BeijingChina institute of Molecule Plus Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin)300072 TianjinChina School of Materials Science and engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology411201 XiangtanHunanChina

Achieving high-luminescence organic light-emitting devices(OLEDs)with narrowband emission and high color purity is important in various optoelectronic *** displays exhibit outstanding advantages in next-generation display technologies owing to their ultimate visual experience,but this remains a great ***,we develop a novel OLED based organic single *** strongly coupling the organic exciton state to an optical microcavity,we obtain polariton electroluminescent(EL)emission from the polariton OLEDs(OPLEDs)with high luminance,narrow-band emission,high color purity,high polarization as well as excellent optically pumped polariton ***,we evaluate the potential for electrically pumped polariton laser through theoretical analysis and provide possible *** work provides a powerful strategy with a material–device combination that paves the way for electrically driven organic single-crystal-based polariton luminescent devices and possibly lasers.

关键词： pumped laser polarization

A three-way electrolyte with ternary solvents for high-energy-density and long-cycling lithium-sulfur pouch cells

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SusMat 2024年第2期4卷 1-12页

作者： Zheng Li Legeng Yu Chen-Xi Bi Xi-Yao Li JinMa Xiang Chen Xue-Qiang Zhang Aibing Chen Haoting Chen Zuoru Zhang Li-Zhen Fan Bo-Quan Li Cheng Tang Qiang Zhang Tsinghua Center for Green chemical engineering Electrification Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina School of Materials Science and engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina institute of Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and TechnologyBeijingChina Shanxi research institute for Clean Energy Tsinghua UniversityTaiyuanChina Center for Next-Generation Energy Materials and School of chemical engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversityJangan-GuSuwon-SiGyeonggi-DoRepublic of Korea College of chemical and Pharmaceutical engineering Hebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuangChina Ordos Carbon Neutral research and Application Co. Ltd.Kangbashi DistrictOrdos CityInner MongoliaChina institute for Carbon Neutrality Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries promise high-energy-density potential to exceed the commercialized lithiumion batteries but suffer from limited cycling lifespan due to the side reactions between lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and Li metal ***,a three-way electrolyte with ternary solvents is proposed to enable high-energy-density and long-cycling Li–S pouch ***,ternary solvents composed of 1,2-dimethoxyethane,di-isopropyl sulfide,and 1,3,5-trioxane are employed to guarantee smooth cathode kinetics,inhibit the parasitic reactions,and construct a robust solid electrolyte interphase,*** cycling lifespan of Li–S coin cells with 50μm Li anodes and 4.0 mg cm^(−2) sulfur cathodes is prolonged from88 to 222 cycles using the three-way ***-heterogeneous solvation structure of LiPSs and organic-rich solid electrolyte interphase are identified to improve the cycling stability of Li metal ***,a 3.0 Ah-level Li–S pouch cell with the three-way electrolyte realizes a high energy density of 405 Wh kg^(−1) and undergoes 27 *** affords a three-way electrolyte recipe for suppressing the side reactions of LiPSs and inspires rational electrolyte design for practical high-energy-density and long-cycling Li–S batteries.

关键词： lithium metal anodes lithium-sulfur batteries pouch cells solid electrolyte interphase three-way electrolyte

Surface-modified Ag@Ru-P25 for photocatalytic CO_(2) conversion with high selectivity over CH_(4) formation at the solid–gas interface

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Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 182-196页

作者： Chaitanya B.Hiragond Sohag Biswas Niket SPowar Junho Lee Eunhee Gong Hwapyong Kim Hong Soo Kim Jin-Woo Jung Chang-Hee Cho Bryan M.Wong Su-Il In department of Energy Science&engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea department of chemical&Environmental engineering Materials Science&Engineering ProgramDepartment of ChemistryDepartment of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of California-RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA department of Physics and Chemistry Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea NiceScience Corporation DaeguRepublic of Korea

Systematic optimization of the photocatalyst and investigation of the role of each component is important to maximizing catalytic activity and comprehending the photocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) reduction to solar fuels.A surface-modified Ag@Ru-P25 photocatalyst with H_(2)O_(2) treatment was designed in this study to convert CO_(2) and H_(2)O vapor into highly selective *** doping followed by Ag nanoparticles(NPs)cocatalyst deposition on P25(TiO_(2))enhances visible light absorption and charge separation,whereas H_(2)O_(2) treatment modifies the surface of the photocatalyst with hydroxyl(–OH)groups and promotes CO_(2) ***-resonance transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,X-ray absorption near-edge structure,and extended X-ray absorption fine structure techniques were used to analyze the surface and chemical composition of the photocatalyst,while thermogravimetric analysis,CO_(2) adsorption isotherm,and temperature programmed desorption study were performed to examine the significance of H_(2)O_(2) treatment in increasing CO_(2) reduction *** optimized Ag1.0@Ru1.0-P25 photocatalyst performed excellent CO_(2) reduction activity into CO,CH4,and C2H6 with a~95%selectivity of CH4,where the activity was~135 times higher than that of pristine TiO_(2)(P25).For the first time,this work explored the effect of H_(2)O_(2) treatment on the photocatalyst that dramatically increases CO_(2) reduction activity.

关键词： gas-phase CO_(2) reduction H_(2)O_(2) treatment plasmonic nanoparticles solar fuel photocatalyst surface modification

Effect of hafnium and molybdenum addition on inclusion characteristics in Co-based dual-phase high-entropy alloys

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第7期31卷 1639-1650页

作者： Yong Wang Wei Wang Joo Hyun Park Wangzhong Mu Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education&Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steelmaking Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China department of Materials Science and engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10044StockholmSweden department of chemical engineering Northeast Electric Power UniversityJilin 132012China department of Materials Science and chemical engineering Hanyang UniversityAnsan 15588Korea engineering Materials Division of Materials ScienceDepartment of Engineering Science and MathematicsLuleå University of Technology97187 LuleåSweden

Specific grades of high-entropy alloys(HEAs)can provide opportunities for optimizing properties toward high-temperature *** this work,the Co-based HEA with a chemical composition of Co_(47.5)Cr_(30)Fe_(7.5)Mn_(7.5)Ni_(7.5)(at%)was *** refractory metallic elements hafnium(Hf)and molybdenum(Mo)were added in small amounts(1.5at%)because of their well-known positive effects on high-temperature *** characteristics were comprehensively explored by using a two-dimensional cross-sectional method and extracted by using a three-dimensional electrolytic extraction *** results revealed that the addition of Hf can reduce Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions and lead to the formation of more stable Hf-rich inclusions as the main *** addition cannot influence the inclusion type but could influence the inclusion characteristics by affecting the physical parameters of the HEA *** calculated coagulation coefficient and collision rate of Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions were higher than those of HfO_(2)inclusions,but the inclusion amount played a larger role in the agglomeration behavior of HfO_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3)*** impurity level and active elements in HEAs were the crucial factors affecting inclusion formation.

关键词： high-entropy alloy non-metallic inclusion agglomeration thermodynamics alloying