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Lipoprotein abnormalities in South Asians and its association with cardiovascular disease:Current state and future directions

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World Journal of Cardiology 2016年第3期8卷 247-257页

作者： Ozlem Bilen Ayeesha Kamal Salim S Virani department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Section of Neurology Department of MedicineAga Khan University Hospital

South Asians have a high prevalence of coronary heart disease(CHD) and suffer from early-onset CHD compared to other ethnic groups. Conventional risk factors may not fully explain this increased CHD risk in this population. Indeed, South Asians have a unique lipid profile which may predispose them to premature CHD. Dyslipidemia in this patient population seems to be an important contributor to the high incidence of coronary atherosclerosis. The dyslipidemia in South Asians is characterized by elevated levels of triglycerides, low levels of high-density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol, elevated lipoprotein(a) levels, and a higher atherogenic particle burden despite comparable low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with other ethnic subgroups. HDL particles also appear to be smaller, dysfunctional, and proatherogenic in South Asians. Despite the rapid expansion of the current literature with better understanding of the specific lipid abnormalities in this patient population, studies with adequate sample sizes are needed to assess the significance and contribution of a given lipid parameter on overall cardiovascular risk in this population. Specific management goals and treatment thresholds do not exist for South Asians because of paucity of data. Current treatment recommendations are mostly extrapolated from Western guidelines. Lastly, large, prospective studies with outcomes data are needed to assess cardiovascular benefit associated with various lipid-lowering therapies(including combination therapy) in this patient population.

关键词： Dyslipidemia South Asians Asian Indians Cardiovascular disease

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Analysis of Adaptation Process of Evidence-Based Interventions by Taking Post-Stroke Dysphagia Screening As an Example--Based on a Series of Empirical studies

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Journal of Integrative Nursing 2019年第3期1卷 123-131页

作者： Xiao-Yan ZHANG Jun-Qiang ZHAO Shang-Qian GAO Li-Jiao YAN Xue-Jing LI Jing-Ya MA Yu-Fang HAO School of Nursing Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina Best Practice Spotlight Organization Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina Collaborating center of Joanna Briggs Institute Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina School of Nursing University of OttawaOttawaCanada department of General Surgery Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034China

Background:Evidence-based interventions(EBIs)are frequently adapted or modified during the implementation process to meet the needs of the target context,public health professionals,or health ***,little is known about how the EBIs of the same clinical problem at a different time(sustainability)and a different setting(scalability)should be adapted to facilitate *** address this gap,this research aims to analyze the adaptations process of EBIs by taking post-stroke dysphagia screening as an example based on a series of empirical ***:We reviewed three best practice implementation projects of post-stroke dysphagia identification and management in China's Mainland,and conducted a comparative analysis of three projects of dysphagia screening practical decision-making according to core elements of evidence-based nursing(EBN).Results:We identified the core elements of EBN that influence decision-making in each best practice implementation *** decision-making of screening time and tool for dysphagia in the three projects *** 1:Post-stroke dysphagia was screened using Water Swallow Test(WST)before the first intake of liquid or *** 2:A sustainability study based on project 1,post-stroke dysphagia was screened using Standardized Swallowing Assessment(SSA)before the first intake of liquid or food,within 24 hours of *** 3:A community scalability study based on project 2,post-stroke dysphagia was screened using Water Swallow Test(WST)before the first intake of liquid or food,within 24 hours after ***:Adaption of EBIs needs to fully consider the best available external evidence from systematic research,clinical expertise,patient preferences,as well as context.

关键词： Adaptation Evidence-based nursing Stroke Dysphagia Screen Implementation

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硫化氢性头痛和其他罕见的全面性头痛:Vg研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2006年第9期2卷 44-44页

作者： Sjaastad O. Bakketeig L. S. 方伯言(译) Faculty of Meclicine Department of Neuromeclicine N -7489 Trondheim Norway 不详

One aim of the Vg study of headache epidemiology was to depict the total panorama of headaches in a small-sized, Norwegian community at the end of the 20th century. In the present part of the study, a search was made for the rare, global headaches. Various, relatively unknown headache categories were observed, such as hydrogen sulphide intoxication (n = 2)-after exposure to H2S ambient air concentrations of ≥100 p.p.m. In Vg, nitroglycerine headache (‘dynamite headache‘) proved to be a relatively frequent disorder (n = 13). This represents approximately 0.7%of the study group. A main reason for this, in all probability unusually high frequency is that there previously have been soapstone mines within the precincts of the parish. Another relatively frequently occurring headache followed exposure to wind (n = 7; 0.38%). Ice-cream headache was rare (n = 3; 0.16%), when only the general question was asked: ‘other headaches?’. Approximately 7 years later, an ad hoc procedure was adopted: 50 parishioners who did not answer positively concerning ice-cream headache on the first examination were asked specific questions concerning ice-cream headache. Four had had such an experience, i.e. prevalence of 8%, which is 50 times higher than the original result, but still a rather low prevalence when compared with the mean prevalence from other studies: 39%. This demonstrates that the result as regards prevalence, even for a headache such as ice-cream headache, to a large degree depends upon the interview technique used.

关键词：头痛类硫化氢罕见 20世纪末冰淇淋流行病学社区人群硝酸甘油

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