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3D Spatial Information Intended for SDI: A Literature Review, Problem and Evaluation

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2017年第5期9卷 535-545页

作者： Mehrdad Jafari Salim GIS & SDI department National Cartographic Center Tehran Iran

In this paper, first we are going to discuss briefly the importance of 3D information, and its application because of the Increasing demand for detailed information about real world objects and phenomena including altimetry and planimetry data (X, Y, Z), then we will explain in short the available methods for 3D measurement. It’s important to note that the Information collection by itself cannot define and sufficiently provide all the necessary actions to be taken in order to get them accessible and useful for users. The data management and establishment of a proper and reliable DBMS and finally a GIS system at the same time are vital crucial in the course of 3D application that will be discussed throughout the paper. The existing drawbacks and elements needed to be considered for the cartographic presentation are the key issues in three-dimensional world visualization. The elaboration on the 3D information and its knowledge transfer to the users in a SDI framework as well as the requirement recognition of beneficiary organizations will be the next step in this paper and the most probable problems will be studied in this stage. At the final stage, we’ll come up with conclusion, warnings and recommendation.

关键词： 3D Geographic Information System Spatial Data Infrastructure Digital Elevation Model Visualization

An Integrated Framework for Road Detection in Dense Urban Area from High-Resolution Satellite Imagery and Lidar Data

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2018年第2期10卷 175-192页

作者： Asghar Milan Surveying department National Cartographic Center Tehran Iran

Automatic road detection, in dense urban areas, is a challenging application in the remote sensing community. This is mainly because of physical and geometrical variations of road pixels, their spectral similarity to other features such as buildings, parking lots and sidewalks, and the obstruction by vehicles and trees. These problems are real obstacles in precise detection and identification of urban roads from high-resolution satellite imagery. One of the promising strategies to deal with this problem is using multi-sensors data to reduce the uncertainties of detection. In this paper, an integrated object-based analysis framework was developed for detecting and extracting various types of urban roads from high-resolution optical images and Lidar data. The proposed method is designed and implemented using a rule-oriented approach based on a masking strategy. The overall accuracy (OA) of the final road map was 89.2%, and the kappa coefficient of agreement was 0.83, which show the efficiency and performance of the method in different conditions and interclass noises. The results also demonstrate the high capability of this object-based method in simultaneous identification of a wide variety of road elements in complex urban areas using both high-resolution satellite images and Lidar data.

关键词： High-Resolution Satellite Images Lidar Data Object-Based Analysis Feature Extraction

GIScience for Sustainable Development

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2017年第4期9卷 482-492页

作者： Mehrdad Jafari Salim GIS & SDI department National Cartographic Center Tehran Iran

Due to the importance of development and its impact on our life, in this paper we are going to elaborate on the Sustainable Development and its related issues. In the following, due to the essential role that GIScience can play on the success trend of Sustainable Development, GIScience will be defined and its importance will be discussed as an effective tool in its logical procedure of Sustainable Development. The decision making support systems—using Geo-information and spatial data—is merging increasingly into other disciplines design and techniques day by day. So It would be worth investigation on the technical aspects of sustainable development and its consideration in projects development in general, throughout the literature review and SD requirements. The successful sustained achievement will depend on clear “political” answerability for its reliability and local regulatory environment. It should be in harmony with the additional superior prescription and ruling at the national or international levels by the use and utilization of national spatial data infrastructure. The paper will ends up with a set of suggested practices in the development of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI).

关键词： Sustainable Development GIScience Spatial Data Infrastructure

Impact of tropospheric modelling on GNSS vertical precision:an empirical analysis based on a local active network

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2018年第9期11卷 880-896页

作者： MªSelmira Garrido MªClara de Lacy Ana MªRojas department of cartographic Geodetic and Photogrammetric EngineeringUniversity of JaénJaenSpain Center for Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences University of JaénJaenSpain Research group RNM282–Microgeodesia Jaén University of JaénJaenSpain

The troposphere affects Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)signals due to the variability of the refractive *** delay is a function of the satellite elevation angle and the altitude of the GNSS receiver and depends on the atmospheric *** the residual tropospheric delay is not modelled carefully a bias error will occur in the vertical *** order to analyse the precise altimetric positioning based on a local active network,four scenarios in Southern Spain with different topographical,environmental,and meteorological conditions are presented,considering both favourable and non-favourable *** use of surface meteorological observations allows us to take into account the tropospheric conditions instead of a standard atmosphere,but introduces a residual tropospheric bias which reduces the accuracy of precise GNSS ***,with short observation times it is recommended not to estimate troposphere parameters,but to use an a priori model together with the standard *** results confirm that it is possible to achieve centimetre-scale vertical accuracy and precision with real time kinematic positioning even with large elevation differences with respect to the nearest reference *** numerical results may be taken into consideration for improving the altimetric configuration of the local active network.

关键词： Altimetry GNSS meteorological data active network tropospheric refraction

Geospatial data infrastructure for sustainable development in sub-Saharan countries

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2008年第3期1卷 247-258页

作者： A.Ayanlade I.O.O.Orimoogunje P.B.Borisade department of Geography Obafemi Awolowo University(OAU)ILE-IFE Nigeria GIS And cartographic Units of the Regional Centre for Training in Aerospace Surveys(Rectas) P.M.B.5545Off Road 1Obafemi Awolowo University(OAU)Ile-Ife Nigeria

People are now using geoinformation for many different purposes and consequently one can confidently say that the need for geospatial data infrastructure(GDI)cannot be overstated in sub-Saharan *** information(GI)is essential to socioeconomic planning and development of sub-Sahara African *** paper therefore examines:GI during the last centuries in sub-Sahara Africa;recent paradigms in GDI in sub-Sahara Africa;the benefit of GDI to the African economy and the future of GDI in sub-Sahara *** study discovered that most countries in sub-Saharan Africa did not have timely access to accurate geospatial data throughout the last *** significantly hindered meaningful social and economic *** of GDI nonetheless,will enhance search and retrieval of geospatial data in *** is one of the benefits that can be derived from implementing GDI in sub-Sahara ***,it is necessary to review cadastral survey laws and regulations so as to incorporate the use of recent geospatial equipment.

关键词： GDI sustainable development sub-Sahara Africa

3D Analysis and Investigation of Traffic Noise Impact from Hemmat Highway Located in Tehran on Buildings and Surrounding Areas

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2012年第4期4卷 322-334页

作者： Hamid Reza Ranjbar Ali Reza Gharagozlou Ali Reza Vafaei Nejad department of Environment and Energy Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Surveying department National Cartographic Center Tehran Iran

This study analyzes and investigates the impact of traffic noise on high rise buildings and surrounding areas by the side of Hemmat Highway that links west of Tehran to the east. In this study, a 3D traffic noise simulation model is applied on a GIS system. Visualized noise levels are formulated by the proposed model for noise mapping on all surfaces of the buildings and surrounding ground in a 3D platform. The investigation shows that there is a high traffic noise impact on the foreground and front facades of buildings, rendering these areas unsuitable for residential purposes. The ground area by the sides of buildings and the building side panels receive a lower noise impact. Most of these areas are still not acceptable for residential and even commercial use, only the back yards and back panels, have the lowest traffic noise impact. It also shows that the building height is not an effective factor for reducing motorway noise on the upper part of the building. Finally, construction cantilever barriers with a height of seven meters, close to the outer edge of the highway was presented as an effective way to reduce noise within the allowable range of noise pollution for commercial and residential purposes.

关键词： Noise Pollution Traffic Noise Model 3D City Model Three-Dimensional Modeling of Noise

cartographic Study and Modeling of the Bakwanga Kimberlite Massive 5 at Kasai Oriental in the Democratic Republic of Congo

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第4期12卷 78-95页

作者： Arnold Onya Ngila Ivon Ndala Tshiwisa Ruben Koy Kasongo Alain Cibumba Cibumba Chamira Fwani Pambu Dona Kampata Mbwelele Centre National de Té l&#233d&#233tection (CNT) Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Geosciences department Faculty of Sciences and Technologies University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Geo-Hydro-Energy Research Group Geosciences Department Faculty of Sciences and Technologies University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo

Bakwanga kimberlite massive 5 in Kasai Oriental is part of a set of 13 kimberlite massives numbered according to the order in which they were discovered. They are located on an alignment with a more or less W-E direction making up the Northern group known as Bakwanga. The importance of the Bakwanga kimberlite massives on the country’s economy in the production of diamonds sufficiently proves the interest of geological research work in this area. The objective of this work is to determine a mathematical model of the shape of the massive as close as possible to reality and through cartography. The cartographic study and modeling of this kimberlite massive were carried out using data from core samples taken on longitudinal and transverse profiles of the 50 × 50 meter mesh drilling plan intersecting this kimberlite massive. We intend to deduce the structure and lithostratigraphy of the kim-berlitic facies and the direct environment of massive 5. As a result, we note that the majority of surveys on the extent of this massive have intersected: Red clayey sand - Polymorphic sandstone - Nodular sandstone, with kaolin blocks and nodules - Epiclastic Kimberlite - Xenokimberlite - Massive Kimberlite - Mesozoic sandstone - Dolomite (enclosing). The shape of the Massive 5 model is vaguely elliptical with a W-E longitudinal axis of 575 m and N-S axis of 275 meters. Surveys have shown that Massive 5 is in fact composed of two pipes, located in the W (western pipe) and E (eastern pipe) ends of the massif. The two chimneys of the two pipes have walls ranging from subvertical at the eastern pipe to very steep walls of around 70˚ to 80˚ for the western pipe and the average diameter of the two pipes is ±50 meters. At level 600, the massive has an area of ±10.5 hectares and it gradually decreases in depth and the modeling of the latter shows a concentric decrease in the volume of the massive from the surface to depth in the shape of a mushroom. 3 eruptive phases established this Kimber-

关键词： Massive Kimberlite Cartography Modelization Epiclastic Kimberlite Xenokimberlite Pipe

Calculate Thermal Infrared Intensity of the Hull’s Military Ship

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2014年第4期6卷 317-329页

作者： Ramin Ebrahimi Laleh Nima Ghasemloo National cartographic Center of Iran Tehran Iran Navigation department ShenavariJvad-Alaaemeh College NEDSA Imam Hossin University Tehran Iran

Stealth technology emphasizes on the reduction in reflection and radiation energies, the surface of target's body in the range of visual, radar, thermal and near IR and so on. Providing solutions to reduce thermal IR intensity radiation is one of the appropriate actions in passive defense for identifying power and targeting enemy. Therefore, questions are brought up: How much is the thermal IR intensity radiation of surface of the hall’s vessel? How much is the effect of each parameter? This thesis tries to provide the software to answer these questions. The provided software measures thermal IR intensity radiation of the surface of the hall’s vessel by the material substance, the temperature of the surface of the hall’s vessel, the situation and characteristic of the thermal detector, noticing the coefficient of environment atmospheric transmittal. This software by changing the effective parameters on thermal IR radiation calculates the thermal radiation on thermal detector in different situations.

关键词： Intensity Radiation Thermal Infrared Thermal Detector Geometry’s Military Ship Neural

Canopy Roughness:A New Phenotypic Trait to Estimate Aboveground Biomass from Unmanned Aerial System

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 419-428页

作者： Monica Herrero-Huerta Alexander Bucksch Eetu Puttonen Katy M.Rainey department of Agronomy Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA department of cartographic and Land Engineering Higher Polytechnic School of AvilaUniversity of SalamancaAvilaSpain Institute for Plant Sciences College of AgriculturePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA department of Plant Biology University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA Institute of Bioinformatics University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA Finnish Geospatial Research Institute National Land Survey of FinlandMasalaFinland

Cost-effective phenotyping methods are urgently needed to advance crop genetics in order to meet the food,fuel,and fiber demands of the coming ***,characterizing plot level traits in fields is of particular *** developments in highresolution imaging sensors for UAS(unmanned aerial systems)focused on collecting detailed phenotypic measurements are a potential *** introduce canopy roughness as a new plant plot-level *** tested its usability with soybean by optical data collected from UAS to estimate *** validate canopy roughness on a panel of 108 soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]recombinant inbred lines in a multienvironment trial during the R^(2) growth stage.A senseFly eBee UAS platform obtained aerial images with a senseFly *** digital *** a structure from motion(SfM)technique,we reconstructed 3D point clouds of the soybean experiment.A novel pipeline for feature extraction was developed to compute canopy roughness from point *** used regression analysis to correlate canopy roughness with field-measured aboveground biomass(AGB)with a leave-one-out ***,our models achieved a coefficient of determination(R^(2))greater than 0.5 in all ***,we found that canopy roughness has the ability to discern AGB variations among different *** test trials demonstrate the potential of canopy roughness as a reliable trait for high-throughput phenotyping to estimate *** such,canopy roughness provides practical information to breeders in order to select phenotypes on the basis of UAS data.

关键词： soybean Biomass roughness