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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 671-681页

作者： Angelid Pabon Jagannatham Naidu Bhupana Ching-On Wong department of biological Sciences Rutgers UniversityNewarkNJUSA

Cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to adapt to changes in nutrient availability, cellular activity, and transitions in cell states. The balance between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration is crucial for energy production, and metabolic reprogramming stipulates a shift in such balance to optimize both bioenergetic efficiency and anabolic requirements. Failure in switching bioenergetic dependence can lead to maladaptation and pathogenesis. While cellular degradation is known to recycle precursor molecules for anabolism, its potential role in regulating energy production remains less explored. The bioenergetic switch between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration involves transcription factors and organelle homeostasis, which are both regulated by the cellular degradation pathways. A growing body of studies has demonstrated that both stem cells and differentiated cells exhibit bioenergetic switch upon perturbations of autophagic activity or endolysosomal processes. Here, we highlighted the current understanding of the interplay between degradation processes, specifically autophagy and endolysosomes, transcription factors, endolysosomal signaling, and mitochondrial homeostasis in shaping cellular bioenergetics. This review aims to summarize the relationship between degradation processes and bioenergetics, providing a foundation for future research to unveil deeper mechanistic insights into bioenergetic regulation.

关键词： autophagy bioenergetics endolysosome energy production glycolysis metabolic reprogramming mitochondria

Bimodal alarm signals modulate responses to monomodal alarm signals in Camponotus modoc carpenter ants

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Insect Science 2025年第1期32卷 343-355页

作者： Asim Renyard Gerhard Gries department of biological Sciences Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada Abstract

Distressed western carpenter ants,Camponotus modoc,produce alarm pheromone and substrate-borne *** alarm pheromone attracts nestmates but the effects of vibratory signals,or of bimodal pheromonal and vibratory signals,are not *** ants of two Camponotus congeners reportedly stand still(“freeze”)or run fast in response to engineered drumming vibrations inputted on plastic,but many responses to ant-produced vibratory signals on wood have not yet been ***,orientating toward signalers under vertebrate predator attack seems maladaptive and not beneficial to ant *** tested the hypotheses(1)that vibratory alarm signals cause freezing,rapid running but not attraction of nestmates,and(2)that bimodal alarm signals modulate responses to monomodal alarm signals,thereby possibly reducing predation *** Doppler vibrometry recordings revealed that the ants’vibratory signals readily propagate through ant nest lamellae,and thus quickly inform nest mates of perceived *** a speaker modified to record and deliver vibratory signals,we obtained drumming signals of distressed ants on a Douglas fir veneer,and bioassayed signal effects on ants in an arena with a suspended veneer *** response playback of vibratory signals,ants ran rapidly,or froze,but did not approach the vibratory *** to alarm pheromone,ants frequently visited the pheromone ***,concurrently exposed to both alarm pheromone and vibratory signals,ants visited the pheromone source less often but spent more time“frozen.”The ants’modulated responses to bimodal signals seem adaptive but the reproductive fitness benefits are still to be quantified.

关键词： alarm pheromone communication Formicidae Hymenoptera nest defense vibratory signal

Astrocytes integrate time and space

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 467-468页

作者： Justin Lines department of biological Sciences Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

Astrocytes read and react to synaptic transmission through tripartite synapses,where the binding of neurotransmitters onto astrocytic receptors triggers an increase in intracellular *** investigations have revealed that astrocytes exhibit two distinct states of intracellular calcium activity:(1)graded subcellular localized clusters with independently active microdomains,likely influenced by nearby synaptic events,and(2)whole-cell astrocyte calcium surges,believed to result from the coordinated activation of multiple ***,astrocyte calcium responses are not solely graded;instead,a spatial threshold of intracellular calcium activity can be overcome to elicit an astrocyte calcium *** these calcium responses,in turn,initiate downstream signaling pathways capable of modifying synaptic communication and overall network *** summary,astrocytes can function as integrators of local synaptic events,actively contributing to information processing within the brain.

关键词： graded integrate instead

Alpha-synuclein in mitochondrial dysfunction:opportunities or obstacles

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 197-198页

作者： Shermali Gunawardena department of biological Sciences The State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA

Recent work suggests a link betweenα-synuclein(α-syn)and mitochondrial dysfunction;however,the mechanisms of howα-syn influences mitochondrial function are still *** notably,whetherα-syn plays a direct role during mitochondrial function and/or whether diseasedα-syn-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction is a potential modifiable risk factor in Parkinson’s disease(PD)is *** date,mutations in more than eight genes cause familial PD(fPD)and have functions in diverse pathways including synaptic homeostasis,mitochondria maintenance,autophagy/lysosome,and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways.

关键词： dysfunction homeostasis Alpha

Apolipoprotein E elicits targetdirected miRNA degradation to maintain neuronal integrity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2577-2578页

作者： Jiazi Tan Chin-Tong Ong Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory National University of SingaporeSingapore department of biological Sciences National University of SingaporeSingapore

Apolipoprotein E has diverse functions in neurons:Apolipoprotein E(ApoE)is a glycoprotein that primarily regulates lipid metabolism and transport in the central nervous *** are three predominant human ApoE protein isoforms with cysteine and arginine substitutions at amino acid positions 112 and 158 that impact their lipidation and related functions(Flowers and Rebeck,2020).ApoE2 is characterized by Cys112 and Cys158,ApoE3 by Cys112 and Arg158,whereas ApoE4 contains Arg112 and Arg158.

关键词： metabolism glycoprotein maintain

Cholesterol metabolism: physiological versus pathological aspects in intracerebral hemorrhage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1015-1030页

作者： Ruoyu Huang Qiuyu Pang Lexin Zheng Jiaxi Lin Hanxi Li Lingbo Wan Tao Wang department of Forensic Science School of Basic Medicine and Biological SciencesSuzhou Medicine College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina

Cholesterol is an important component of plasma membranes and participates in many basic life functions,such as the maintenance of cell membrane stability,the synthesis of steroid hormones,and *** plays a key role in the establishment and maintenance of the central nervous *** brain contains 20%of the whole body’s cholesterol,80%of which is located within myelin.A huge number of processes(e.g.,the sterol regulatory element-binding protein pathway and liver X receptor pathway)participate in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the brain via mechanisms that include cholesterol biosynthesis,intracellular transport,and *** brain injuries or diseases involving crosstalk among the processes above can affect normal cholesterol metabolism to induce detrimental ***,we hypothesized that cholesterol-related molecules and pathways can serve as therapeutic targets for central nervous system *** hemorrhage is the most severe hemorrhagic stroke subtype,with high mortality and *** cholesterol levels are associated with the risk of intracerebral ***,secondary pathological changes after intracerebral hemorrhage are associated with cholesterol metabolism dysregulation,such as neuroinflammation,demyelination,and multiple types of programmed cell *** cholesterol accumulation in the brain has been found after intracerebral *** this paper,we review normal cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system,the mechanisms known to participate in the disturbance of cholesterol metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage,and the links between cholesterol metabolism and cell *** also review several possible and constructive therapeutic targets identified based on cholesterol metabolism to provide cholesterol-based perspectives and a reference for those interested in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.

关键词： cell death cholesterol metabolism intracerebral hemorrhage myelination therapeutic target

Multiple sclerosis is at a checkpoint: advancing the program

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Brandon C.Smith Jessica L.Williams department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA department of biological Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system(CNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and motor function loss due to myelin and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser sclerosis damage

Antidepressive and anxiolytic effects of a combination of Saffron and Chamomile in rats and their relationship with serotonin using in vivo methods

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2025年第1期45卷 49-56页

作者： Faiq Amin Saara Ahmad Muhammad Wasim Asra Khan Fazal Manzoor Arain Zehra Batool Saiqa Tabassum Saima Khaliq Noreen Samad Saida Haider department of biological and Biomedical Sciences the Aga Khan University Maternal and Children's Health Research Institute Shunde Women and Children's HospitalGuangdong Medical University Dr.Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research International Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Karachi department of Biosciences Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology department of Biochemistry Federal Urdu University of ScienceArts and Technology department of Biochemistry Bahauddin Zakariya University department of Biochemistry University of Karachi

OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential of combining natural herbs like chamomile and saffron for the management of anxiety and depression. METHODS: A rodent model of Major Depressive Disorder(MDD) and anxiety, secondary to streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus was made. A total of 6 rat groups were chosen; healthy and diseased controls; and diseased test groups of fluoxetine, saffron, chamomile, and combined saffron and chamomile treated(n = 6/group). Activity by forced swim test(FST), elevated plus maze test(EPMT), and correlations with biochemical markers like serum glucose, tryptophan, C-reactive protein(CRP), brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor(5HT2CR) expression, were assessed at the end of the 3rd week of the treatment. A one-way analysis of variance with a post-hoc Tukey's test was applied. RESULTS: The combined herbal treatment group showed significantly better(P < 0.05) than all other groups in terms of anti-hyperglycemic effect. All treatments improved the CRP levels; however, the combination group was also significantly better than fluoxetine and the individual herb groups. Only the herb groups showed efficacy in the FST with added benefits of the combination group over the healthy controls and similar trends in the EPMT. However, expression of 5HT2CR was repressed while BDNF was elevated through treatment. CONCLUSION: This study shows that in comparison to treatment with a SSRI, and individual herbs, the combination of chamomile and saffron showed overall improved outcomes.

关键词： chamomile crocus depression diabetes mellitus

Passive activity enhances residual control ability in patients with complete spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2337-2347页

作者： Yanqing Xiao Mingming Gao Zejia He Jia Zheng Hongming Bai Jia-Sheng Rao Guiyun Song Wei Song Xiaoguang Li Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina department of Rehabilitation Evaluation China Rehabilitation Research CenterBeijingChina Cardiac Center Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina The State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and systems Beihang UniversityBeijingChina department of Rehabilitation Engineering China Rehabilitation Science InstituteBeijingChina

Patients with complete spinal cord injury retain the potential for volitional muscle activity in muscles located below the spinal injury ***,because of prolonged inactivity,initial attempts to activate these muscles may not effectively engage any of the remaining neurons in the descending pathway.A previous study unexpectedly found that a brief clinical round of passive activity significantly increased volitional muscle activation,as measured by surface *** this study,we further explored the effect of passive activity on surface electromyographic signals during volitional control tasks among individuals with complete spinal cord *** patients with chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury were *** electromyography data from eight major leg muscles were acquired and compared before and after the passive activity *** results indicated that the passive activity led to an increased number of activated volitional muscles and an increased frequency of *** the cumulative root mean square of surface electromyography amplitude for volitional control of movement showed a slight increase after passive activity,the difference was not statistically *** findings suggest that brief passive activity may enhance the ability to initiate volitional muscle activity during surface electromyography tasks and underscore the potential of passive activity for improving residual motor control among patients with motor complete spinal cord injury.

关键词： complete spinal cord injury cycle training epidural electrical stimulation motor training passive activity physiological state spinal cord circuit surface electromyography volitional control task

Phytobiotics in poultry:revolutionizing broiler chicken nutrition with plant‑derived gut health enhancers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 1-33页

作者： Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna Xinyu Chang Vivian U.Oleforuh‑Okoleh Patience N.Onu Haijun Zhang Kai Qiu Shugeng Wu National Engineering Research Center of biological Feed Institute of Feed ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China department of Animal Science Rivers State UniversityPort HarcourtRivers StateNigeria department of Animal Science Ebonyi State UniversityAbakilikiEbonyi StateNigeria.

As the global population continues to expand,the demand for broiler chicken production to supply safe and high-quality meat is *** meet this ever-growing demand,broiler chickens with enhanced growth performance are being developed,but they often face challenges related to oxidative stress,which can adversely affect gut ***,which are plant-derived feed additives known for their antimicrobial,antioxidant,immune-modulating,and growth-promoting properties,have emerged as promising natural alternatives to synthetic *** review consolidates recent advancements in the use of phytobiotics-derived products from leaves,roots,seeds,flowers,and their extracts in broiler diets reared under standard experimental conditions,without the introduction of *** focus is on elucidating the key mechanisms through which phytobiotics improve gut health,includ-ing their effects on gut morphology,integrity,microflora composition,antioxidant capacity,and immune *** review highlights the potential of phytobiotics to revolutionize broiler nutrition by acting as natural enhancers of gut *** findings reveal that phytobiotics significantly improve intestinal health,and boost growth per-formance,offering a sustainable approach to managing to gut *** findings indicate a potential shift in how gut-health related challenges in broilers can be addressed,moving towards natural phytobiotic ***-ever,several challenges *** the dosage of phytobiotics,ensuring consistent performance,and over-coming the limitations related to their extraction and application are key areas requiring further *** review emphasizes the importance of continued research to refine phytobiotic formulations,explore synergistic effects,and incorporate advanced technologies such as AI-driven methods and precision nutrition to tailor feeding strategies more ***,the development of innovative delivery

关键词： Broilers Essential oils Gut health Herbs and spices Phytobiotics Plant extracts