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Late Ordovician Mass Extinction: Earth, fire and ice

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 51-65页

作者： David A.T.Harper Palaeoecosystems Group Department of Earth SciencesDurham University

The Late Ordovician Mass Extinction was the earliest of the ‘big’ five extinction events and the earliest to affect the trajectory of metazoan life. Two phases have been identified near the start of the Hirnantian period and in the middle. It was a massive taxonomic extinction, a weak phylogenetic extinction and a relatively benign ecological extinction. A rapid cooling, triggering a major ice age that reduced the temperature of surface waters, prompted a drop in sea level of some 100 m and introduced toxic bottom waters onto the shelves. These symptoms of more fundamental planetary processes have been associated with a range of factors with an underlying driver identified as volcanicity. Volcanic eruptions, and other products, may have extended back in time to at least the Sandbian and early Katian, suggesting the extinctions were more protracted and influential than hitherto documented.

关键词： Ordovician LOME paleoecology palaeobiogeography biotas

Cholesterol metabolism: physiological versus pathological aspects in intracerebral hemorrhage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1015-1030页

作者： Ruoyu Huang Qiuyu Pang Lexin Zheng Jiaxi Lin Hanxi Li Lingbo Wan Tao Wang department of Forensic Science School of Basic Medicine and Biological SciencesSuzhou Medicine College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina

Cholesterol is an important component of plasma membranes and participates in many basic life functions,such as the maintenance of cell membrane stability,the synthesis of steroid hormones,and *** plays a key role in the establishment and maintenance of the central nervous *** brain contains 20%of the whole body’s cholesterol,80%of which is located within myelin.A huge number of processes(e.g.,the sterol regulatory element-binding protein pathway and liver X receptor pathway)participate in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the brain via mechanisms that include cholesterol biosynthesis,intracellular transport,and *** brain injuries or diseases involving crosstalk among the processes above can affect normal cholesterol metabolism to induce detrimental ***,we hypothesized that cholesterol-related molecules and pathways can serve as therapeutic targets for central nervous system *** hemorrhage is the most severe hemorrhagic stroke subtype,with high mortality and *** cholesterol levels are associated with the risk of intracerebral ***,secondary pathological changes after intracerebral hemorrhage are associated with cholesterol metabolism dysregulation,such as neuroinflammation,demyelination,and multiple types of programmed cell *** cholesterol accumulation in the brain has been found after intracerebral *** this paper,we review normal cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system,the mechanisms known to participate in the disturbance of cholesterol metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage,and the links between cholesterol metabolism and cell *** also review several possible and constructive therapeutic targets identified based on cholesterol metabolism to provide cholesterol-based perspectives and a reference for those interested in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.

关键词： cell death cholesterol metabolism intracerebral hemorrhage myelination therapeutic target

Resolving controversies surrounding carbon sinks from carbonate weathering

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2705-2717页

作者： Xiaoyong BAI Sirui ZHANG Pete SMITH Chaojun LI Lian XIONG Chaochao DU Yingying XUE Zilin LI Mingkang LONG Minghui LI Xiaoyun ZHANG Shu YANG Qing LUO Xiaoqian SHEN State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environmental Engineering Guizhou University CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change University of Chinese Academy of sciences Institute of biological and Environmental sciences University of Aberdeen School of Geography and Environmental sciences Guizhou Normal University

The importance of carbonate weathering carbon sinks(CCSs) is almost equal to that of vegetation photosynthesis in the global carbon cycle. However, CCSs have become controversial in formulating carbon neutral policies to deal with global climate problems in various countries, since the carbonate dissolution is reversible. In order to address these controversies, we reviewed recent advances in understanding CCSs and examined the outstanding controversies surrounding them. We have analyzed the five controversies, revealing the existence of CCSs, quantifying their magnitude, clarifying their spatiotemporal pattern, and documenting how they have increased and how they evolved under the background of global change. By addressing these five controversies, we help to bring clarity to the role of CCSs in the carbon cycle of global terrestrial ecosystems.

关键词： Carbon sink Carbonate weathering Carbon cycle Climate change Anthropogenic driver

New findings on the influence of El Nino events on tropical cyclone formation

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第3期67卷 892-893页

作者： Liguang WU department of Atmospheric and Oceanic sciences Institute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Tropical cyclones typically form over warm tropical and subtropical ocean surfaces, as their formation and intensification rely primarily on the energy provided by the ocean. Pioneering research by Gray (1968) revealed that the formation of tropical cyclones requires the sea surface temperature (SST) to be no less than 26.5℃. Consequently, SST is commonly recognized as a crucial parameter among the environmental factors influencing tropical cyclone formation(Gray, 1979;Emanuel and Nolan, 2004).

关键词： tropical cyclone ocean

Reproductive biology of Hemitripterus villosus in the Bohai Strait,China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第3期42卷 881-892页

作者： Ping SUN Song QIN Zhengyi LIU Longchuan ZHUANG Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and biological Resource Utilization Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesYantai 264003China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China

To understand the reproductive biology of Hemitripterus villosus in the Bohai Strait,and fill the key knowledge gap in verifying reproductive seasonality and documenting gonadotropin dependent reproductive cycle of this species,a year-round detail study was conducted for the first *** total,263 individuals were randomly sampled off the coasts of the Bohai *** show that and the overall female-to-male ratio(1.35:1)did not differ significantly from the 1:1 sex *** length and weight relationship for females and males were regressed,depicting an isometric growth for both *** reproductive phases of the complete gonadotropin dependent reproductive cycle in both sexes were *** monthly variations in the gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes for both sexes further indicated that this species spawns a single batch of eggs per year and the peak spawning period is from October to *** average diameter of eggs ranged from 2.10 to 3.57 *** length at first sexual maturity was 224.87 mm for females and 241.26 mm for *** positive relationships between absolute fecundity and fish size,and also gonadal weight were *** from the Bohai Strait exhibited smaller body size,smaller egg diameter,lower gonadosomatic index,lower absolute fecundity,and higher population extinction risk than the other populations’studied *** findings contribute to understanding the status of this isolated westernmost population,and we emphasize that more efficient protection measures for the species and control measures are urgently required to improve the coastal environment in the Bohai Strait.

关键词： Hemitripterus villosus Bohai Strait fecundity length at first maturity reproductive seasonality

Identification and Molecular Docking Mechanism of Novel Anti-Inflammatory Peptides from Lactobacillus paraplantarum Fermented Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) Seeds

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： LingYue Shan Akanksha Tyagi HunJu Ham Deog Hwan Oh department of Food Science and Biotechnology College of Agriculture and Life sciences Kangwon National University Future F Biotech Co. Ltd department of biological Environment College of Agriculture and Life sciences Kangwon National University

The inflammatory response is a crucial physiological process that can lead to tissue damage and is considered a causative factor for various chronic diseases， such as rheumatoid arthritis. Recent research has focused on exploring valuable nutrients derived from Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) seeds， particularly hemp seed proteins. Therefore， this study aimed to investigate the release of anti-inflammatory peptides from Lactobacillus paraplantarum-fermented hemp seed proteins. To confirm the complete hydrolysis of hemp seed proteins during the fermentation process， SDS-PAGE was employed. Further， the isolation and purification of peptides were achieved through ultrafiltration. The identity of peptides was nextly established using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). The results revealed a total of 39 identified peptides in fermented hemp seeds， with 9 peptides selected based on their relative quantity. Notably， AAELIGVP (P1)， AAVPYPQ (P2)， VFPEVAP (P4)， DVIGVPLG (P6)， and PVPKVL (P9) demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory abilities in LPS-induced Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. Molecular docking was used to understand the potential anti-inflammatory mechanism of these five peptides， and in silico results indicated that P1， P2， P4， P6， and P9 could bind to the active sites of TLR-4， NF-kB， and IKK with higher binding energies. Overall， these findings indicate that hemp seeds have potential to be a source of bioactive peptides for functional foods with anti-inflammatory properties.

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A Review of Biochemical Processes and Techniques for Soil Stabilization and Resilience

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Advances in biological Chemistry 2024年第1期14卷 40-54页

作者： Jonathan A. Metuge Zachary N. Senwo department of biological and Environmental sciences Alabama A & M University Normal USA

Biochemical, chemical, and mechanical, techniques have been employed to enhance soil resilience for decades. While the use of mechanical techniques requires transporting huge amounts of soil materials, the cement used in chemical techniques may lead to increase atmospheric carbon dioxide. Numerous studies indicate that biochemical techniques may be less expensive, cost effective, and environmentally friendly. Biopolymers and enzymes derived from microorganisms have been suggested as biological enhancers in strengthening and fortifying soils used for earthen structures. Lime and other treatment techniques used as biobased materials have been shown to be less effective for stabilizing soils. Here, we review biochemical processes and techniques involved in the interactions of soil enzymes, microorganisms, microbial extracellular polymeric substances, and other biopolymers with soil particles, and the challenges and strategies of their use as biobased materials for stabilizing soils. This review provides their impacts on various soil properties and the growth potentials of agricultural crops. .

关键词： Biochemical Earthen Structures Soil Resilience Biopolymers Soil Enzymes Agriculture Microorganisms Extracellular Polymeric Substances

Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure positive pulsating corona discharge in degradation of textile dye Reactive Blue 19 enhanced by Bi_(2)O_(3) catalyst

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第2期26卷 104-113页

作者： Milica PETROVIC Dragan RADIVOJEVIC Sasa RANCEV Nena VELINOV Milos KOSTIC Danijela BOJIC Aleksandar BOJIC department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences and MathematicsUniversity of NisNis 18000Serbia department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and MathematicsUniversity of NisNis 18000Serbia

In this work,monoclinic Bi_(2)O_(3) was applied for the first time,to the best of our knowledge,as a catalyst in the process of dye degradation by a non-thermal atmospheric-pressure positive pulsating corona *** research focused on the interaction of the plasma-generated species and the catalyst,as well as the role of the catalyst in the degradation *** decomposition of the anthraquinone reactive dye Reactive Blue 19(RB 19) was performed in a selfmade reactor ***_(2)O_(3) was prepared by electrodeposition followed by thermal treatment,and characterized by x-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive xray *** was observed that the catalyst promoted decomposition of plasma-generated H_(2)O_(2) into ·OH radicals,the principal dye-degrading reagent,which further attacked the dye *** catalyst improved the decolorization rate by 2.5 times,the energy yield by 93.4%and total organic carbon removal by 7.1%.Excitation of the catalyst mostly occurred through strikes by plasma-generated reactive ions and radical species from the air,accelerated by the electric field,as well as by fast electrons with an energy of up to 15 eV generated by the streamers reaching the liquid *** strikes transferred the energy to the catalyst and created the electrons and holes,which further reacted with H_(2)O_(2) and water,producing ·OH *** was indentified as the primary role of the catalyst in this *** reactions followed pseudo first-order *** of H_(2)O_(2) and the dye degradation rate increased with increase in the input *** optimal catalyst dose was 500 mg·dm^(-3).The decolorization rate was a little lower in river water compared with that in deionized water due to the side reactions of ·OH radicals with organic matter and inorganic ions dissolved in the river water.

关键词： corona RB 19 Bi_(2)O_(3) catalyst degradation

A modular microfluidic platform to study how fluid shear stress alters estrogen receptor phenotype in ER+breast cancer cells

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 287-299页

作者： Braulio Andrés Ortega Quesada Jonathan Cuccia Rachael Coates Blake Nassar Ethan Littlefield Elizabeth C.Martin Adam T.Melvin Cain department of Chemical Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA department of Chemical and biological Engineering Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA biological and Agricultural Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA department Medicine Section Hematology and Medical OncologyTulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70118USA

Metastatic breast cancer leads to poor prognoses and worse outcomes in patients due to its invasive behavior and poor response to *** is still unclear what biophysical and biochemical factors drive this more aggressive phenotype in metastatic cancer;however recent studies have suggested that exposure to fluid shear stress in the vasculature could cause *** this study a modular microfluidic platform capable of mimicking the magnitude of fluid shear stress(FSS)found in human vasculature was designed and *** device provides a platform to evaluate the effects of FSS on MCF-7 cell line,an estrogen receptor positive(ER+)breast cancer cell line,during circulation in the *** of the effects of FSS on MCF-7 cells was carried out utilizing two approaches:single cell analysis and bulk *** single cell analysis,cells were trapped in a microarray after exiting the serpentine channel and followed by immunostaining on the device(on-chip).Bulk analysis was performed after cells were collected in a microtube at the outlet of the microfluidic serpentine channel for western blotting(off-chip).It was found that cells exposed to an FSS magnitude of 10 dyn/cm^(2) with a residence time of 60 s enhanced expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 in the MCF-7 cell line at a single cell *** understand possible mechanisms for enhanced Ki67 expression,on-chip and off-chip analyses were performed for pro-growth and survival pathways ERK,AKT,and JAK/*** demonstrated that after shearing the cells phosphorylation of p-AKT,p-mTOR,and p-STAT3 were ***,there was no change in p-ERK1/*** is a mediator of ER rapid signaling,analysis of phosphorylated ERαwas carried out and no significant differences between sheared and non-sheared populations were *** together these results demonstrate that FSS can increase phosphorylation of proteins associated with a more aggressive phenotype in circulating cancer *** findin

关键词： fluid breast estrogen