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Low genetic diversity and high genetic differentiation in the critically endangered Omphalogramma souliei (Primulaceae):implications for its conservation

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第2期47卷 103-109页

作者： Yuan HUANG Chang-Qin ZHANG De-Zhu LI(Key Laboratory of biodiversity and biogeography,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650204,China) Key Laboratory of biodiversity and biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China

Omphalogramma souliei *** an endangered perennial herb only distributed in alpine areas of SW *** markers were applied to determine the genetic variation and genetic structure of 60 individuals of three populations of *** in NW Yunnan,*** genetic diversity at the species level is low with P= 42.5%(percentage of polymorphic bands) and Hsp=0.1762(total genetic diversity).However,a high level of genetic differentiation among populations was detected based on different measures(Nei’s genetic diversity analysis:Gst=0.6038;AMOVA analysis:Fst=0.6797).Low level of genetic diversity within populations and significant genetic differentiation among populations might be due to the mixed mating system in which xenog-amy predominated and autogamy played an assistant role in *** genetic drift due to small population size and limited current gene flow also resulted in significant genetic *** assessment of genetic variation and differentiation of the endangered species provides important information for conservation on a genetic *** strategies for this rare endemic species are proposed.

关键词： genetic differentiation genetic diversity ISSR markers mating system Omphalogramma souliei

Use of DNA barcode sensu lato to identify traditional Tibetan medicinal plant Gentianopsis paludosa(Gentianaceae)

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第3期49卷 267-270页

作者： Chun-Ying XUE* De-Zhu LI(Key Laboratory of biodiversity and biogeography,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650204,China) (Key Laboratory of biodiversity and biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China)

Gentianopsis paludosa(Hook.f.) Ma(Gentianaceae) is an important species in Tibetan folk medicine commonly used to clear away the "heat evils" and toxic materials.A survey of market samples revealed that nine adulterant species,Gentianopsis barbata,***,***,Halenia elliptica,Lomatogonium macranthum,***,Swertia angustifolia,*** and ***,are often marketed as *** to distinguish *** from its adulterants are limited by current morphological and chemical *** sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region(ITS) was used in the differentiation of *** from the adulterant *** data showed that the internal transcribed spacer regions differ significantly between *** and all nine adulterant species,so that they could be easily distinguished at the DNA level.

关键词： Gentianaceae Gentianopsis paludosa identification nrDNA ITS Tibetan medicine.

Phylogenetic pattern of alpine plants along latitude and longitude in Hengduan Mountains Region

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Plant Diversity 2017年第1期39卷 37-43页

作者： Xinhui Li Hang Sun College of Environmental Science and Engineering Southwest Forestry University Key Laboratory of biodiversity and biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences

To detect the horizontal pattern of phylogenetic structure shown by alpine plants, we measured phylogenetic structure using net related index(NRI) and net nearest taxon index(NTI), and analyzed the phylogenetic structure patterns of alpine plants along longitude, latitude and environmental gradients in the Hengduan Mountains Region(HDMR). Our results show that: 1) the phylogenetic structure tended to cluster with increasing latitude and longitude; 2) for NRI, latitude was closer related than longitude,while for NTI, longitude was closer related than latitude, though they both not significantly relate to *** phylogenetic structure tended towards overdispersion in the southern HDMR, with good climate conditions of higher mean annual temperature and more mean annual precipitation. In contrast, with harsh climate conditions of lower mean annual temperature and less mean annual precipitation, the increasing environmental stress led to phylogenetic clustering in the northern HDMR. The results highlighted that in the alpine region of HDMR, environmental filters and geographical isolation had a great effect on the latitudinal and longitudinal alpine species distribution, respectively.

关键词： Environmental filter Geographical isolation Hengduan Mountains Region Horizontal pattern NRI NTI

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Origin and differentiation of endemism in the flora of China

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Frontiers in Biology 2007年第2期2卷 125-143页

作者： WU Zhengyi SUN Hang ZHOU Zhekun PENG Hua LI Dezhu Key Laboratory of biodiversity and biogeography Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650204China

The present paper analyzed 239 endemic genera in 67 families in the flora of seed plants in *** results showed that there are five families containing more than ten endemic genera,namely,Gesneriaceae(27),which hereafter refers to the number of endemic genera in China,Composite(20),Labiatae(12),Cruciferae(11),and Umbelliferae(10),15 families with two endemic genera,and another 30 families with only one endemic *** monotypic families(Ginkgoaceae,Davidiaceae,Eucommiaceae and Acanthochlamydaceae)are the most ancient,relict and characteristic in the flora of seed plants in *** on integrative data of systematics,fossil history,and morphological and molecular evidence of these genera,their origin,evolution and relationships were *** gymnosperms,all endemic genera are relicts of the Arctic-Tertiary flora,having earlier evolutionary history,and can be traced back to the Cretaceous or to the Jurassic and even *** angiosperms,the endemic genera are mostly relicts,and are represented in all lineages in the“Eight-Class System of Classification of Angiosperms”,and endemism can be found in almost every evolutionary stage of extant *** relict genera once occupied huge areas in the northern hemisphere in the Tertiary or the late Cretaceous,while neo-endemism mostly originated in the late *** came from Arctic-Tertiary,Paleo-tropical-Tertiary and Tethys-Tertiary florisitic elements,and the blend of the three elements with many genera of autochthonous *** endemism was formed when some dispersal routes such as the North Atlantic Land Bridge,and the Bering Bridge became discontinuous during the Tertiary,as well as the climate change and glaciations in the late Tertiary and the ***,the late Tertiary is the starting point of extant endemism of the flora in China.

关键词： Chinese flora endemism origin evolution

Climatic envelope of evergreen sclerophyllous oaks and their present distribution in the eastern Himalaya and Hengduan Mountains

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第3期47卷 183-190页

作者： 1,2Qing-Song YANG 1Wen-Yun CHEN 1,2Ke XIA 1Zhe-Kun ZHOU 1(Key Laboratory of biodiversity and biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China) 2(Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China) (Key Laboratory of biodiversity and biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China) (Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China)

Evergreen sclerophyllous oaks (the E.S. oaks, Quercus section Heterobalanus) are the dominant species of the local ecosystem in the eastern Himalaya and the Hengduan Mountains, southwest China. In this study, we document the climatic envelope of the seven E.S. oak species and examine the relationships between climate and their distribution. This was done using a principal components analysis (PCA) and multiple regression analysis (MRA) of nine climatic indices. The main climatic envelope of the E.S. oaks were: mean temperature of the warmest month (MTW)=12.0-19.5 ℃, warmth index (WI) = 33.2-88.9 ℃ month, annual biotemperature (BT)=-6.9--0.3 ℃, coldness index (CI)=-30.4- -10.1 ℃ month, mean temperature of the coldest month (MTC)=-3.7-3.0 ℃ and annual precipitation (AP)=701-897 mm at the lower limits; and MTW=8.3-16.1 ℃, WI=15.7-59.1 ℃ month, BT=3.6-8.9 ℃, CI=-55.4--19.3 ℃ month, MTC=8.3-16.1 ℃ and AP=610-811 mm at the upper limits. The climatic range of the E.S. oaks is wide and includes two climatic zones, the cool-temperature zone and the subpolar zone. The PCA and MRA results suggest that the thermal climate plays a major role and precipitation plays a secondary role in controlling the large-scale distribution of the E.S. oaks, except Quercus monimotricha. In thermal regimes, BT and/or MTW are most important for both lower and upper limits of the E.S. oaks. Furthermore, our results indicate that the upper distribution limits of the E.S. oaks are less determined by low temperatures and their duration (CI) than by other factors.

关键词： climatic indices distribution limits multiple regression analysis principal components analysis Quercus section Heterobalanus.

Recovery of threatened plant species and their habitats in the biodiversity hotspot of the Southwest Australian Floristic Region

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Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 59-74页

作者： Leonie Monks Sarah Barrett Brett Beecham Margaret Byrne Alanna Chant David Coates J.Anne Cochrane Andrew Crawford Rebecca Dillon Colin Yates biodiversity and Conservation Science Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Parks and Wildlife Service Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions

The Southwest Australian Floristic Region(SWAFR) is a global biodiversity hotspot with high plant diversity and endemism and a broad range of threatening processes. An outcome of this is a high proportion of rare and threatened plant species. Ongoing discovery and taxonomic description of new species, many of which are rare, increases the challenges for recovery of threatened species and prioritisation of conservation actions. Current conservation of this diverse flora is based on integrated and scientific evidence-based management. Here we present an overview of current approaches to the conservation of threatened flora in the SWAFR with a focus on active management through recovery and restoration that is integrated with targeted research. Key threats include disease, fragmentation, invasive weeds, altered fire regimes, grazing, altered hydro-ecology and climate change. We highlight the integrated approach to management of threats and recovery of species with four case studies of threatened flora recovery projects that illustrate the breadth of interventions ranging from In situ management to conservation reintroductions and restoration of threatened species habitats. Our review and case studies emphasise that despite the scale of the challenge, a scientific understanding of threats and their impacts enables effective conservation actions to arrest decline and enhance recovery of threatened species and habitats.

关键词： Threatened species Threatening processes Conservation Recovery Restoration biodiversity hotspot

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Cytological study on the genus Syncalathium (Asteraceae-Lactuceae),an endemic taxon to alpine scree of the Sino-Himalayas

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第3期47卷 226-230页

作者： 1,2Jian-Wen ZHANG 1Ze-Long NIE 1Hang SUN 1(Key Laboratory of biodiversity and biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China) 2(Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China) (Key Laboratory of biodiversity and biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China) (Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China)

Cytological characters of four species in Syncalathium (Asteraceae: Lactuceae), a small genus with six identified species endemic to alpine scree of the Sino-Himalayan region, are surveyed in this report. Three species (Syncalathium pilosum, Syncalathium chrysocephalum, and Syncalathium disciforme) are examined for the first time. Combined with our previous counts, five species have been cytologically investigated from the genus and the results indicated that all species are diploid with the basic somatic chromosome number of x=8. The karyotype asymmetry of Syncalathium souliei is 2A, distinct from the other four species of 1A, and the remaining species are divided into two subgroups with different karyotypes, consistent with their morphological features. The significance of the cytological evolution of Syncalathium is briefly discussed.

关键词： Asteraceae chromosome numbers diploidy karyotype Syncalathium.

The effects of fresh and rapid desiccated tissue on estimates of Ophiopogoneae genome size

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Plant Diversity 2016年第4期38卷 190-193页

作者： Guangyan Wang Yongping Yang School of Life Sciences The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest AnhuiAnqing Normal University Key Laboratory of biodiversity and biogeography Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

Fresh plant material is usually used for genome size estimation by flow cytometry(FCM). Lack of fresh material is cited as one of the main reasons for the dearth of studies on plants from remote *** sizes in fresh versus desiccated tissue of 16 Ophiopogoneae species and five model plant species were estimated. Our results indicated that desiccated tissue was suitable for genome size estimation; this method enables broader geographic sampling of plants when fresh tissue collection is not feasible. To be useful, after dessication the Ophiopogoneae sample should be green without brown or yellow markings;it should be stored in deep freezer at à80C, and the storage time should be no more than 6 months.

关键词： Ophiopogoneae model Plant species Genome size Fresh tissue Desiccated tissue

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Genes and proteins expressed at different life cycle stages in the model protist Euplotes vannus revealed by both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期 232-248页

作者： Yaohan Jiang Xiao Chen Chundi Wang Liping Lyu Saleh A.Al-Farraj Naomi A.Stover Feng Gao Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine biodiversity Ocean University of China Marine College Shandong University Zoology department College of ScienceKing Saud University department of Biology Bradley University Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center

Sexual reproduction first appeared in unicellular protists and has continued to be an essential biological process in almost all *** protists, which contain both germline and somatic genomes within a single cell, have evolved a special form of sexual reproduction called conjugation that involves mitosis, meiosis, fertilization, nuclear differentiation, genome rearrangement, and the development of unique cellular structures. The molecular basis and mechanisms of conjugation vary dramatically among ciliates, and many details of the process and its regulation are still largely unknown. In order to better comprehend these processes and mechanisms from an evolutionary perspective, this study provides the first comprehensive overview of the transcriptome and proteome profiles during the entire life cycle of the newly-established marine model ciliate Euplotes vannus. Transcriptome analyses from 14 life cycle stages(three vegetative stages and 11 sexual stages) revealed over 26,000 genes that are specifically expressed at different stages, many of which are related to DNA replication,transcription, translation, mitosis, meiosis, nuclear differentiation, and/or genome rearrangement. Quantitative proteomic analyses identified 338 proteins with homologs associated with conjugation and/or somatic nuclear development in other ciliates, including dicer-like proteins, Hsp90 proteins, RNA polymerase Ⅱ and transcription elongation factors, ribosomal-associated proteins, and ubiquitin-related proteins. Four of these homologs belong to the PIWI family, each with different expression patterns identified and confirmed by RT-qPCR,which may function in small RNA-mediated genome rearrangement. Proteins involved in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway are induced early during meiosis and accumulate in the developing new somatic nucleus, where more than 80% of the germline sequences are eliminated from the somatic genome. A number of new candidate genes and proteins likely t

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