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Avian responses to an extreme weather event:The case of the‘Filomena’snowstorm in Madrid(central Spain)

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Avian research 2024年第2期15卷 180-186页

作者： Carlos Lazaro Carlos Sanchez-García Fabian Casas E.Jorge Tizado department of research Fundacion Artemisan13001 Ciudad RealSpain department of Zoology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain department of biodiversity and Environmental Management Universidad de Leon24401 PonferradaSpain

Cold spells and severe weather may have detrimental effects in wild birds,but owing to the stochastic nature of these events,it is not always possible to measure their *** January 2021,a strong snowstorm known as‘Filomena’affected Spain,mainly the region of Madrid(Central Spain),which was fully covered with snow and suffered freezing temperatures for a *** bird surveys conducted in the winter-spring of 2020 and 2021(before and after Filomena)at same locations,we addressed the possible impact of the cold spell in three widespread gamebirds:Wood Pigeon(Columba palumbus),Eurasian Magpie(Pica pica)and Red-legged Partridge(Alectoris rufa).No significant abundance differences were found between years for none of the species and hunting pressure was only significantly reduced for Partridges,hence this species may have been negatively affected by *** suggest that in response to Filomena,Pigeons conducted partial migration in search of better conditions,while Magpies aggregated in certain areas of Madrid and Partridges endured the harsh conditions within their home *** results highlight the importance to alleviate negative impacts of extreme weather events in wild birds through management actions,especially for sedentary species.

关键词： Alectoris rufa Climate change Cold spell Columba palumbus Migration Pica pica Winter

Liposomal dual delivery systems in visceral leishmaniasis enhance the synergistic effects of combination therapy:A promise for the future

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第2期17卷 47-60页

作者： Raghunath Hazra Amrita Kar Santanu Kar Mahapatra department of Paramedical and Allied Health Sciences Biodiversity and Environmental Studies Research CentreMidnapore City CollegeKuturiyaBhadutalaPaschim Medinipur-721129West BengalIndia

Visceral leishmaniasis(VL)is a neglected tropical disease,and this review has summarized the current treatment scenario and its *** also highlights alternative approaches used by research groups in India and around the world to develop cutting-edge and potent anti-leishmanial *** though numerous medications could be utilized to treat VL,the limitations of current treatments including their toxicity,cost,route of administration,and duration of doses,have contributed to the emergence of *** therapy might be a better option due to its shorter duration,easier route of administration,and ability to extend the lifespan of individual ***,there is a risk of not delivering both the drugs to the target site together,which can be overcome by the liposomal entrapment of those drugs and at a time knock an opportunity to reduce the dosage of amphotericin B if the combination drug provides a synergistic effect with ***,this review presents a novel strategy to fight against VL by introducing dual drug-loaded liposomes.

关键词： Visceral leishmaniasis Liposomal anti-leishmanial drug Dual drug liposome

An updated inventory of marine opisthobranch(Mollusca,Gastropoda)from the territorial waters of the Republic of Mauritius

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第1期42卷 226-243页

作者： Lisa AH SHEE TEE Chandani APPADOO Daneshwar PUCHOOA Vishwakalyan BHOYROO department of Agricultural&Food Science Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of MauritiusRéduit 80837Mauritius department of Biosciences&Ocean Studies Pole of Research Excellence Sustainable Marine BiodiversityFaculty of ScienceUniversity of MauritiusRéduit 80837Mauritius

Island ecosystems support diverse aquatic invertebrate communities comprising endemic *** of existing species is important for *** this study,a checklist of marine opisthobranch from the Republic of Mauritius is presented.A combination of benthic surveys(50 m×5 m in triplicates),rover diving techniques and photo documentation were used over two years(2018–2020)within 35 sheltered and unsheltered *** and molecular analysis were used for *** composition within sheltered and unsheltered areas in Mauritius was estimated using the Bray-Curtis *** checklist featured 117 species belonging to 61 genera and 28families,of which 13 are new *** findings increased the knowledge of opisthobranch diversity from the Mauritius by 15.4%.Among the listed species,the distribution range of Cyerce nigra,Actinocyclus papillatus,and Phyllidia picta extended from the Western Pacific to the South Western Indian *** analysis of the undescribed Gymnodoris *** it resembled Gymnodoris *** Hawaii and were different by a genetic distance value of 10.6%.The species richness and evenness were higher within the sheltered regions of Mauritius which harboured the food resource of *** areas as compared to unsheltered regions were heavily populated,suggesting the probable influence of wave actions on opisthobranch diversity and *** order Nudibranchia was reported as most speciose,with 86 *** Sacoglossa and Nudibranchia were observed only on macroalgae and sponges *** abundance was also recorded on shipwrecks which are the most common form of artificial *** the inclusion of observations from previous studies,201species belonging to 94 genera and 36 families are now known from the Mauritius.

关键词： marine opisthobranch inventory new record occurrence Republic of Mauritius Indian Ocean

From germline genome to highly fragmented somatic genome:genome-wide DNA rearrangement during the sexual process in ciliated protists

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第1期6卷 31-49页

作者： Liping Lyu Xue Zhang Yunyi Gao Tengteng Zhang Jinyu Fu Naomi A.Stover Feng Gao Key Laboratory of Evolution&Marine biodiversity(Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution&Marine BiodiversityOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China department of Biology Bradley UniversityPeoriaIL 61625USA Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China

Genomes are incredibly dynamic within diverse eukaryotes and programmed genome rearrangements(PGR)play important roles in generating genomic ***,genomes and chromosomes in metazoans are usually large in size which prevents our understanding of the origin and evolution of *** expand our knowledge of genomic diversity and the evolutionary origin of complex genome rearrangements,we focus on ciliated protists(ciliates).Ciliates are single-celled eukaryotes with highly fragmented somatic chromosomes and massively scrambled germline *** in ciliates occurs extensively by removing massive amounts of repetitive and selfish DNA elements found in the silent germline genome dur-ing development of the somatic *** report the partial germline genomes of two spirotrich ciliate species,namely Strombidium *** and Halteria grandinella,along with the most compact and highly fragmented somatic genome for *** provide the first insights into the genome rearrangements of these two species and compare these features with those of other *** analyses reveal:(1)DNA sequence loss through evolution and during PGR in *** has combined to produce the most compact and efficient nanochromosomes observed to date;(2)the compact,transcriptome-like somatic genome in both species results from extensive removal of a relatively large number of shorter germline-specific DNA sequences;(3)long chromosome breakage site motifs are duplicated and retained in the somatic genome,revealing a complex model of chromosome fragmentation in spirotrichs;(4)gene scrambling and alternative pro-cessing are found throughout the core spirotrichs,offering unique opportunities to increase genetic diversity and regulation in this group.

关键词： Alternative processing Ciliates Gene scrambling Genome rearrangement Germline genome Somatic genome

Three-dimensional forest foodscape in large herbivores’habitat based on UAV with LiDAR detection

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 343-346页

作者： Heng BAO Guangshun JIANG College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina Feline research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration HarbinChina research Center for Northeast Asia biodiversity Conservation HarbinChina

Traditionally,wildlife habitat research mainly extracts two-dimensional habitat ***,they live in three-dimensional space,and the three-dimensional structure of the forest ecosystem is an important factor affecting the composition of the mammal community(Fig.1a,b),and the three-dimensional structure of the forest also determines the behavior pattern of wildlife multidimensional habitat selection or use(Flaspohler et al.2010;Palminteri et al.2012;Müller et al.2014).For instance,forest structure determines the vertical distribution of annual edible shoots,fruits,or seed nuts resources in space,providing additional ecological niches for frugivores,rodents,and other species,and then leading to niche differentiation of wild animals in vertical space utilization,thus increasing species coexistence(*** et al.2023).

关键词： habitat forest dimensional

Combining video and GPS-tracking to study the spatial foraging distribution of a single-prey loading seabird

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Avian research 2024年第3期15卷 316-325页

作者： Ruben C.Fijn Wouter Courtens Bas W.R.Engels Emiel E.van Loon Judy Shamoun-Baranes Waardenburg Ecology Deparonent of Bird EcologyCulemborgthe Netherlands University of Amsterdam Insnitute for Biodiversity and Ecoasystem DymaomicsAmsterdamthe Netherlands research Insitute for Nature and Forest(INBO) BrusselsBcgium

Seabirds are valuable indicators of marine ecosystem processes and studying seabird diets can shed light on natural or human-induced variability in food-web *** single-prey loading seabird species such as terns have the potential to act as visual sentinels of prey availability ***,obtaining diet information from remote bird colonies is often challenging and time *** this pilot study we present a novel approach to combine two established methods to study seabird foraging ecology,providing a powerful and cost-effective tool to study the distribution of prey items available to *** combined GPS tracking data of Sandwich Terns(Thalasseus sandvicensis)with prey-observations from a hide in 2012 and 2013,and from semicontinuously recorded camera footage in *** doing so,we identified 115 approximate catch locations of prey(86 herring/sprat Clupeidae,29 sandeel Ammodytidae).Combining GPS-data and prey observations yielded detailed knowledge on the movements and chick diets of tracked birds as well as the spatial origin and lengths of captured prey *** catch distances of both Clupeidae and Ammodytidae resulted in deliveries of larger prey items and thus higher energy yield per trip,but also a higher energy expenditure per *** discuss the limitations and potential of our methodological approach to study foraging energetics during chick-provisioning of seabirds that carry prey items visible in their beaks.

关键词： Diet Digitalfilm Geo-referencing Non-invasive monitoring Provisioning Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis

RNA interference reveals chloride channel 7 gene helps short-term hypersalinity stress resistance in Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第4期42卷 1261-1271页

作者： Yeshao PENG Ziao CHEN Qiong DENG Zhen JIA Lingxin KONG Peng ZHU Youhou XU Zhicai SHE Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine biodiversity Conservation Pinglu Canal and Beibu Gulf Coastal Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of GuangxiCollege of Marine SciencesBeibu Gulf UniversityQinzhou 535011China

The chloride channel 7 gene(CLC 7)of the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis was cloned and named ChCLC *** cDNA was 2572 bp in length,with a 5′non-coding region containing 25 bp,a 3′non-coding region containing 327 bp,and an open reading frame of 2298 *** 7 has 96.8%and 92.1%homology with CLC 7 of Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea virginica,respectively,and it was clustered with CLC 7 of *** and ***-PCR showed that ChCLC 7 was expressed in all eight tissues,with the highest in adductor muscle and second in *** ChCLC 7 expression pattern in gill was altered significantly under high salinity stress with an overall upward and then downward *** RNA interference,the expression of ChCLC 7 and survival rate of oyster under high salinity stress was reduced significantly,and so did the concentration of hemolymph chloride ion in 48-96 h after RNA *** believed that ChCLC 7 could play an important role in osmoregulation of *** by regulating Cl^(-)*** study provided data for the analysis of molecular mechanism against oyster salinity stress.

关键词： Crassostrea hongkongensis chloride channel 7 salinity stress RNA interference

Effects of tree size and organ age on variations in carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus stoichiometry in Pinus koraiensis

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Journal of Forestry research 2024年第3期35卷 155-165页

作者： Yanjun Wang Guangze Jin Zhili Liu Center for Ecological research Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040People's Republic of China Northeast Asia biodiversity research Center Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040People's Republic of China

Carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)are of fundamental importance for growth and nutrient dynamics within plant organs and deserve more attention at regional to global ***,our knowledge of how these nutrients vary with tree size,organ age,or root order at the individual level remains *** determined C,N,and P contents and their stoichiometric ratios(i.e.,nutrient traits)in needles,branches,and fine roots at different organ ages(0-3-year-old needles and branches)and root orders(1st-4th order roots)from 64 Pinus koraiensis of varying size(Diameter at breast height ranged from 0.3 to 100 cm)in northeast *** factors were also *** results show that nutrient traits were regulated by tree size,organ age,or root order rather than soil *** a whole-plant level,nutrient traits decreased in needles and fine roots but increased in branches with tree *** the organ level,age or root order had a negative effect on C,N,and P and a positive effect on stoichiometric *** results demonstrate that nutrient variations are closely related to organ-specific functions and ecophysiological processes at an individual *** is suggested that the nutrient acquisition strategy by younger trees and organ fractions with higher nutrient content is for ***,nutrient storage strategy in older trees and organ fractions are mainly for steady *** results clarified the nutrient utilization strategies during tree and organ ontogeny and suggest that tree size and organ age or root order should be simultaneously considered to understand the complexities of nutrient variations.

关键词： Tree size Organ age(or root order) Carbon(C) Nitrogen(N) Phosphorus(P) Pinus koraiensis

Small mammal community composition impacts bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) population dynamics and associated seroprevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 52-65页

作者： Felicitas Maria BUJNOCH Daniela REIL Stephan DREWES Ulrike MROSENFELD Rainer G.ULRICH Jens JACOB Christian IMHOLT Julius Kühn-Institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsRodent ResearchMünsterGermany University of Münster Institute for Evolution and BiodiversityMünsterGermany Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthInstitute of Novel and Emerging Infectious DiseasesGreifswald-Insel RiemsGermany

Rodents are important reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens that cause diseases in *** is hypoth-esized to be closely related to pathogen prevalence through multiple direct and indirect *** example,the presence of non-host species can reduce contact rates of the main reservoir host and thus reduce the risk of transmission(“dilution effect”).In addition,an overlap in ecological niches between two species could lead to increased interspecific competition,potentially limiting host densities and reducing density-dependent pathogen transmission *** this study,we investigated the relative impact of population-level regulation of direct and indirect drivers of the prevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus(PUUV)in bank voles(Clethrionomys glareolus)during years with high *** compiled data on small mammal community composition from four regions in Germany between 2010 and *** equation modeling revealed a strong seasonality in PUUV control mechanisms in bank *** abundance of shrews tended to have a negative relationship with host abundance,and host abundance positively influenced PUUV seroprevalence,while at the same time increasing the abundance of competing non-hosts like the wood mouse(Apodemus sylvaticus)and the yellow-neckedfield mouse(Apodemusflavicollis)were associated with reduced PUUV seroprevalence in the *** results indicate that for PUUV in bank voles,dilution is associated with increased interspecific *** pressures leading to the decline of Apodemus *** a specific habitat could lead to the amplification of mechanisms promoting PUUV transmission within the host populations.

关键词： bank vole biodiversity Puumala orthohantavirus small mammals