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Hypotrichidium tisiae(Gelei,1929)Gelei,1954:a unique hypotrichid ciliate having a highly specialized developmental pattern during binary division

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2022年第4期4卷 536-550页

作者： Xiaotian Luo Jie Huang Honggang Ma Yujie Liu Xiaoteng Lu William A.Bourland Key Laboratory of Aquatic biodiversity and conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430072China Institute of Evolution and Marine biodiversity&Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao266003China department of Biology Shenzhen MSU-BIT UniversityShenzhen518172China department of Zoology Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPrague12843Czech Republic

In sharp contrast to their pelagic relatives,the oligotrichs,the overwhelming majority of hypotrich ciliates inhabit the *** a few species,including those of the genus Hypotrichidium Ilowaisky,1921,have adapted to a planktonic *** ontogenetic mode of the highly differentiated ciliate,Hypotrichidium tisiae(Gelei,1929)Gelei,1954,is *** this study,the interphase morphology and the ontogenetic process of this species are ***,the previously unidentified ciliary pattern of Hypotrichidium is *** main morphogenetic features are as follows:(1)The parental adoral zone of membranelles is inherited completely by the proter and the oral primordium of the opisthe arises in a deep pouch.(2)Five frontoventral cirral anlagen(FVA)are formed:FVA I contributes to the single frontal cirrus,FVA II–IV generate three frontoventral cirral rows,FVA V migrates and forms postoral ventral cirri.(3)All marginal cirral row anlagen develop de novo:each of the two left anlagen forms a single cirral row,while the single right anlage fragments into anterior and posterior parts.(4)Two dorsal kinety anlagen occur de novo,with the right one fragmenting to form kineties 2 and 3.(5)Two long caudal cirral rows are formed at the ends of dorsal kineties 1 and *** the basis of the morphogenetic features and phylogenetic analyses,the assignment of Hypotrichidium to the family Spirofilidae Gelei,1929 within Postoralida is *** establishment of separate families for the slender“tubicolous”spirofilids and the highly helical spirofilids is also validated.

关键词： Hypotrichs Ontogenesis Phylogeny Spirofilidae Systematics 18S rRNA gene

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Positional behavior and canopy use of black snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus strykeri in the Gaoligong Mountains,Yunnan,China

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Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 401-409页

作者： Yin Yang Dionisios Youlatos Alison M Behie Roula Al Belbeisi Zhipang Huang Yinping Tian Bin Wang Linchun Zhou Wen Xiao Institute of Eastern Himalaya biodiversity Research Dali UniversityDaliYunnan 671003China School of Archaeology and Anthropology Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 0200Australia International Centre of biodiversity and Primate conservation Dali UniversityDaliYunnan 671003China department of Zoology School of BiologyAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGR-54124Greece Lushui Bureau of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve LiukuYunnan 673229China

Studies on positional behavior and canopy use are essential for understanding how arboreal animals adapt their morphological characteristics and behaviors to the challenges of their *** study explores canopy and substrate use along with positional behavior in adult black snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus strykeri,an endemic,critically endangered primate species in Gaoligong Mountains,southwest *** continuous focal animal sampling,we collected data over a 52-month period and found that *** is highly arboreal primarily using the high layers of the forest canopy(15–30 m),along with the terminal zone of tree crowns(52.9%),medium substrates(41.5%),and oblique substrates(56.8%).We also found sex differences in canopy and substrate *** use the terminal zones(56.7%versus 40.4%),small/medium(77.7%versus 60.1%),and oblique(59.9%versus 46.5%)substrates significantly more than *** the other hand,males spend more time on large/very large(39.9%versus 22.3%)and horizontal(49.7%versus 35.2%)*** both sexes mainly sit(84.7%),and stand quadrupedally(9.1%),males stand quadrupedally(11.5%versus 8.3%),and bipedally(2.9%versus 0.8%)more often than ***,quadrupedalism,and leap/drop are the main locomotor modes for both *** strykeri populations never enter canopies of degenerated secondary forest and mainly use terminal branches in the middle and upper layers of canopies in intact mid-montane moist evergreen broadleaf forest and hemlock coniferous broadleaf mixed forests across their habitat.

关键词： arboreal locomotion Myanmar snub-nosed monkey postures

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Aviary measurements of dominance and affiliation between members of mixed-species birds flocks in southern China

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Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 593-599页

作者： Jichong Chen Estelle Meaux Caiyun Li Aiwu Jiang Eben Goodale Guangxi Key Laboratory for Forest Ecology and conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China Division of Ecology and biodiversity School of Biological ScienceThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina department of Health and Environmental Science Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou215123China

In mutualistic interactions,all parties are usually considered to benefit;yet there may be asymmetries in mutualisms where some partners/individuals benefit more than *** is thought to be the case in mixedspecies flocks of birds,where following species are thought to benefit more than leading species,and leading species may not be able to escape the association if they are subordinate to other *** measured dominance and affiliation patterns of a mixed-species flock system of southern China in an aviary where these variables could be measured in a standardized *** eight wild-caught flocks,the leading species,David’s Fulvetta(Alcippe davidi),was usually among the more subordinate flock members(ranking 9 of 13 species,with the the most dominant species ranked number one,and dominance measured by normalized David’s scores).Dominance was strongly influenced by body mass,and not by bill length or the number of *** fulvettas in particular tended to be among the most subordinate individuals in the *** was evidence of a negative relationship between a species pair’s affiliation,measured as the percentage of all observations in which these two species were found perching together,and their difference in ranking in the dominance hierarchy,particularly when some ground species,which are not likely to remain in flocks long term,were removed from the *** pairs that had more pronounced differences in their dominance rankings were less likely to be affiliated,which is consistent with the idea that subordinate species may avoid ***’s Fulvetta is a strong information provider,so other species are likely benefitted in this *** data suggest one reason that fulvettas stay in flocks is that they may be subordinate and therefore have little control over who associates with them.

关键词： Dominance hierarchy Keystone species Mixed-species animal groups Sociality

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Gerarda prevostiana(Eydoux and Gervais,1837)(Squamata:Serpentes:Homalopsidae),a New Snake for Borneo

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Asian Herpetological Research 2013年第1期4卷 76-78页

作者： Indraneil DAS Hans BREUER Samuel SHONLEBEN Institute of biodiversity and Environmental conservation Universiti Malaysia

A new record of the homalopsid snake, Gerarda prevostiana is presented from a mangrove-dominated patch in the vicinity of Kampung Bako, Sarawak, East Malaysia, and this comprises the first published record from the Sundaic Island of Borneo. A possible second locality for the species is a ca. 6.68 km site to its northeast, Kampung Buntal, based on an unlocated museum specimen. The species is widespread in mainland Southeast Asia, with additional records to the west （the Indian Subcontinent） and east （the Philippines Archipelago）, but was previously unrecorded from the islands of the Sundas. The secretive habits of the species, including the occupancy of mud lobster （Thalassinia spp.） mounds in mostly inaccessible, swampy habitats may be a reason for its perceived rarity and few published records.

关键词： Gerarda prevostiana serpentes Squamata Homalopsidae Borneo new record

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Effect of shifting cultivation and fallow on soil quality index in Mokokchung district,Nagaland,India

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 561-576页

作者： Wati Temjen Maibam Romeo Singh Tali Ajungla department of Botany Nagaland University798627 LumamiIndia Centre for biodiversity Department of BotanyNagaland University798627 LumamiIndia

Background:Shifting cultivation is a major agriculture practice in the Nagaland state of *** study examines the effect of shifting cultivation and the length of the fallow period on soil quality index(SQI).Four sites were selected for the study,viz.,a shifting cultivation site(SCS),a 3-year-old fallow land(FL-3),a 7-year-old fallow land(FL-7),and a 12-year-old fallow land(FL-12).Soil parameters were recorded seasonally and SQI was calculated from the minimum data ***:With the increase in the fallow period,the values of conductivity,soil organic carbon,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,exchangeable potassium,moisture,clay,and cation exchange capacity of soil ***,soil pH and bulk density decreased with fallow *** additive SQI_(a)values were in the order SCS

关键词： Shifting cultivation Jhum Soil quality index Soil health Seasonal variation Nagaland India

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Tree species identity and interaction determine vertical forest structure in young planted forests measured by terrestrial laser scanning

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 266-275页

作者： Mengxi Wang Lander Baeten Frieke Van Coillie Kim Calders Kris Verheyen Quentin Ponette Haben Blondeel Bart Muys John Armston Hans Verbeeck Q-ForestLab Department of EnvironmentFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityBelgium Forest&Nature Lab Department of EnvironmentFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityBelgium Earth and Life Institute Université Catholique de Louvain(UCLouvain)Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium department of Earth&Environmental Sciences KU LeuvenBelgium department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA

Vertical forest structure is closely linked to multiple ecosystem characteristics,such as biodiversity,habitat,and *** tree species in planted forests has the potential to create diverse vertical forest structures due to the different physiological and morphological traits of the composing tree ***,the relative importance of species richness,species identity and species interactions for the variation in vertical forest structure remains unclear,mainly because traditional forest inventories do not observe vertical stand structure in *** laser scanning(TLS),however,allows to study vertical forest structure in an unprecedented ***,we used TLS single scan data from 126 plots across three experimental planted forests of a largescale tree diversity experiment in Belgium to study the drivers of vertical forest *** plots were 9–11years old young pure and mixed forests,characterized by four levels of tree species richness ranging from monocultures to four-species mixtures,across twenty composition *** generated vertical plant profiles from the TLS data and derived six stand structural *** mixed models were used to test the effect of species richness on structural *** a hierarchical diversity interaction modelling framework,we further assessed species identity effect and various species interaction effects on the six stand structural *** results showed that species richness did not significantly influence most of the stand structure variables,except for canopy height and foliage height *** identity on the other hand exhibited a significant impact on vertical forest structure across all *** interaction effects were observed to be site-dependent due to varying site conditions and species pools,and rapidly growing tree species tend to dominate these ***,our results highlighted the importance of considering both species identity an

关键词： TreeDivNet FORBIO Stand structural complexity Terrestrial laser scanning Vertical forest structure Tree diversity Planted forests

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Pangolin HKU4-related coronaviruses found in greater bamboo bats from southern China

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Virologica Sinica 2023年第6期38卷 868-876页

作者： Min Guo Kai Zhao Xingwen Peng Xiangyang He Jin Deng Bo Wang Xinglou Yang Libiao Zhang Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal conservation and Resource Utilization Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationInstitute of ZoologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510260China Yunnan Key Laboratory of biodiversity Information Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650023China department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA24060USA Hubei Jiangxia Lab Wuhan430071China

Coronavirus(CoV)spillover originating from game animals,particularly pangolins,is currently a significant ***,vigilance is urgently needed for coronaviruses carried by bats,which are known as natural reservoirs of many *** this study,we collected 729 anal swabs of 20 different bat species from nine locations in Yunnan and Guangdong provinces,southern China,in 2016 and 2017,and described the molecular characteristics and genetic diversity of alphacoronaviruses(αCoVs)and betacoronaviruses(βCoVs)found in these *** RT-PCR,we identified 58(8.0%)bat CoVs in nine bat species from six ***,using the Illumina platform,we obtained two representative full-length genomes of the bat CoVs,namely TyRo-CoV-162275 and *** analysis showed that TyRo-CoV-162275 shared the highest identity with Malayan pangolin(Manis javanica)HKU4-related coronaviruses(MjHKU4r-CoVs)from Guangxi Province,whereas TyRo-CoV-162269 was closely related to HKU33-CoV discovered in a greater bamboo bat(Tylonycteris robustula)from Guizhou ***,TyRo-CoV-162275 has a putative furin protease cleavage site in its S protein and is likely to utilize human dipeptidyl peptidase-4(hDPP4)as a cell-entry receptor,similar to MERS*** the best of our knowledge,this is the first report of a bat HKU4r-CoV strain containing a furin protease cleavage *** findings expand our understanding of coronavirus geographic and host distributions.

关键词： Coronavirus Pangolin HKU4r-CoV Bat HKU4r-CoV Tylonycteris robustula Spillover risk

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Influence of evenness on the litter-species richness-decomposition relationship in Mediterranean grasslands

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2010年第2期3卷 71-78页

作者： Panayiotis G.Dimitrakopoulos biodiversity conservation Laboratory Department of EnvironmentUniversity of the AegeanMytileneLesbos GR-81100Greece

Aims Human impacts on natural ecosystems induce changes in their functioning through alterations in species richness,composition and evenness of plant *** litter diversity–decomposition processes studies have only manipulated species richness,ignoring the role of ***,results from a field litterbag experiment are presented to test whether changes in evenness of species distribution in litter mixtures affected the strength of the litter-species richness–decomposition *** Ten herbaceous species abundant in Mediterranean grassland communities and representative of different genera and functional groups were *** richness was directly manipulated to produce litter mixtures of three and six plant species,as well as litter of each individual species *** level of species richness was replicated several times such that each repeat had a different species ***-and six-species litter mixtures were also treated to vary in evenness(three levels).Decomposition rate was assessed by percentage dry weight loss over the 90 days of the *** Findings Decomposition rate was positively related to the linear increase in litter-species richness and was affected by the composition of the litter-species *** rates differed significantly between evenness treatments and moreover,the strength of the positive relationship between litter-species richness and decomposition rate decreased notably in the low-evenness *** effects of evenness on decomposition rate,at different richness levels,were partially explained by the differences in the initial litter mixture’s carbon-to-nitrogen ratio within *** study reveals that shortterm decomposition rate is positively affected by both components of Mediterranean grassland litter-species diversity.

关键词： biodiversity dominance ecosystem functioning old field plant litter mixture

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Bird species composition and conservation challenges in the Gaoligong Mountains, one of the most diverse bird areas in the world

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Zoological Research(Diversity and conservation) 2024年第1期1卷 20-50页

作者： Fei Wu Jian-Yun Gao Dao Yan Le Yang Lu-Ming Liu Shun-Yu Yao Chang-Sheng Zuo Jun Sun Ge Gao Jian-Yong Su Li Luo Ying-Chun Li Ming Liu Yuan-Fang Hu Ming Wei Xiao-Jun Yang State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution&Yunnan Key Laboratory of biodiversity and Ecological conservation of Gaoligong Mountain Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Xizang Plateau Institute of Biology LhasaXizang 850001China Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Yunnan Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve DehongYunnan 679300China Yunnan Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve NujiangYunnan 671400China Yunnan Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve BaoshanYunnan 678000China China Birdwatching Association KunmingYunnan 650225China Gaoligong Mountain Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province Dulongjiang Forest Ecosystem Research StationGongshanYunnan 673500China

The Gaoligong Mountains(GLGM),located in southwestern China,extend north to south along the western border of the Hengduan Mountains,spanning approximately 600 *** this study,we consolidated findings from 17 bird surveys conducted in the GLGM between 2010 and *** found that the GLGM harbors tremendous bird diversity,with a total of 796 documented bird species in the *** a quarter(23.0%)of these species are listed as state key protected species or as Chinese and global threatened *** of species richness at the county level showed a decreasing trend with increasing latitude,with the greatest diversity in Yingjiang(661 species).Observations indicated that the GLGM belongs to the Oriental realm,primarily composed of bird species from southern and southwestern *** GLGM plays an important role in avian conservation by sheltering exceptional bird diversity,providing corridors and flyways for bird migration and dispersal,and mitigating the effects of climate *** response to the conservation needs of birds and other wildlife,the Chinese government has established numerous protected areas within the *** these efforts,avian conservation still faces considerable challenges in the GLGM due to limitations in the protected area network,transboundary nature of the regions,and existing gaps in monitoring and research.

关键词： Birds Gaoligong Mountains Zoogeographic region conservation challenge

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Proximate Composition of Leaves of the African Rosewood (Pterocarpus erinaceus)

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第2期13卷 189-197页

作者： Dery George Imoro A. Ziblim Dzitse Selasi department of biodiversity conservation and Management Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana

Plants have always been exploited worldwide for food, medicines, shelter, and other purposes because they are readily available, affordable and acceptable to a large populace of the world. The study was conducted to gather information on the proximate composition of fresh and dry leaves of Pterocarpus erinaceus. The proximate composition of the leaf samples was determined using the standard methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Proximate analysis of the fresh leaf samples of the plant shows a higher moisture content compared to the dry leaf samples. The total fat and total ash contents of the fresh leaf samples were however lower compared to values recorded for the dry leaf samples. The dry matter content of fresh leaf samples was also lower compared to that of the dry leaf samples. Fresh leaf samples again recorded the least crude protein content compared to dry leaf samples. Carbohydrates content in fresh leaf samples was higher compared to dry leaf samples. Generally, higher proximate values were recorded for dry leaf samples than for fresh leaves. Dry matter and moisture contents were detected in high quantities in both fresh and dry leaf samples of P. erinaceus. These results could be a justification for the multiple uses of the plant leaves across Sub-Saharan Africa. Further research should be carried out on the mineral, phytochemical and vitamin composition between the fresh and dry leaves of the plant.

关键词： Proximate Analysis Pterocarpus Erinaceus Dry Matter Carbohydrates Fodder

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