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Assessments of Data-Driven Deep Learning Models on One-Month Predictions of Pan-Arctic Sea Ice Thickness

Advances in atmospheric sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1379-1390页

作者： Chentao SONG Jiang ZHU Xichen LI Institute of atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

In recent years,deep learning methods have gradually been applied to prediction tasks related to Arctic sea ice concentration,but relatively little research has been conducted for larger spatial and temporal scales,mainly due to the limited time coverage of observations and reanalysis ***,deep learning predictions of sea ice thickness(SIT)have yet to receive ample *** this study,two data-driven deep learning(DL)models are built based on the ConvLSTM and fully convolutional U-net(FC-Unet)algorithms and trained using CMIP6 historical simulations for transfer learning and fine-tuned using reanalysis/*** models enable monthly predictions of Arctic SIT without considering the complex physical processes *** comprehensive assessments of prediction skills by season and region,the results suggest that using a broader set of CMIP6 data for transfer learning,as well as incorporating multiple climate variables as predictors,contribute to better prediction results,although both DL models can effectively predict the spatiotemporal features of SIT *** the predicted SIT anomalies of the FC-Unet model,the spatial correlations with reanalysis reach an average level of 89%over all months,while the temporal anomaly correlation coefficients are close to unity in most *** models also demonstrate robust performances in predicting SIT and SIE during extreme *** effectiveness and reliability of the proposed deep transfer learning models in predicting Arctic SIT can facilitate more accurate pan-Arctic predictions,aiding climate change research and real-time business applications.

关键词： Arctic sea ice thickness deep learning spatiotemporal sequence prediction transfer learning

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Evaluation and Projection of Population Exposure to Temperature Extremes over the Beijing−Tianjin−Hebei Region Using a High-Resolution Regional Climate Model RegCM4 Ensemble

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1132-1146页

作者： Peihua QIN Zhenghui XIE Rui HAN Buchun LIU State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing 100081China

Temperature extremes over rapidly urbanizing regions with high population densities have been scrutinized due to their severe impacts on human safety and *** of all,the performance of the regional climate model RegCM4 with a hydrostatic or non-hydrostatic dynamic core in simulating seasonal temperature and temperature extremes was evaluated over the historical period of 1991–99 at a 12-km spatial resolution over China and a 3-km resolution over the Beijing−Tianjin−Hebei(JJJ)region,a typical urban agglomeration of *** of spatial distributions of temperature extremes over the JJJ region using RegCM4 with hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic cores showed high spatial correlations of more than 0.8 with the *** a warming climate,temperature extremes of annual maximum daily temperature(TXx)and summer days(SU)in China and the JJJ region showed obvious increases by the end of the 21st century while there was a general reduction in frost days(FD).The ensemble of RegCM4 with different land surface components was used to examine population exposure to temperature extremes over the JJJ *** exposure to temperature extremes was found to decrease in 2091−99 relative to 1991−99 over the majority of the JJJ region due to the joint impacts of increases in temperature extremes over the JJJ and population decreases over the JJJ region,except for downtown ***,changes in population exposure to temperature extremes were mainly dominated by future population ***,we quantified changes in exposure to temperature extremes with temperature increase over the JJJ *** study helps to provide relevant policies to respond future climate risks over the JJJ region.

关键词： CMIP6 convection-permitting population exposure RegCM4 temperature extremes

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The response of Martian photoelectron boundary to the 2018 global dust storm

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2772-2782页

作者： Yuqi WANG Jun CUI Yong WEI Zhaopeng WU Kai FAN Zhaojin RONG Fei HE Yutian CAO Jiawei GAO Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Planetary environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory(PEARL) School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230026China

Extensive research efforts have revealed that the Martian dust storms can perturb the upper atmospheric condition and as a consequence,enhance plasma density and photoelectron flux in the ***,previous observational studies of the Martian dust storm impacts have been restricted to regions below 400 km,which limits our understanding of the Martian dust storm effects in the upper ionosphere and ***,based on the suprathermal electron measurements made by the Solar Wind Electron Analyzer onboard the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution,we identify with an automatic procedure the occurrences of all photoelectron boundary(PEB)crossings at solar zenith angle below 120°(with a dust-free median altitude of about 600 km).Using the dayside PEB as a proxy of the upper ionospheric and magnetospheric condition,we analyze the variations of the PEB altitude during the 2018 global dust storm(GDS)of Mars Year 34(MY34)and compare them with the period in MY33 when there was no global dust *** conclude that the column dust optical depth(CDOD)emerges as one of the main driving factors for PEB altitude variations during the *** analysis implies that the GDS can affect the Martian upper atmosphere and ionosphere over considerable distances and extended time scales.

关键词： Martian global dust storm Martian photoelectron boundary Upper ionosphere

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Science and reflections: With some thoughts to young applied scientists and engineers

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Earthquake Science 2024年第5期37卷 459-493页

作者： Robert L Nowack department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47906USA

I provide some science and reflections from my experiences working in geophysics,along with connections to computational and data sciences,including recent developments in machine learning.I highlight several individuals and groups who have influenced me,both through direct collaborations as well as from ideas and insights that I have learned *** my reflections are rooted in geophysics,they should also be relevant to other computational scientific and engineering fields.I also provide some thoughts for young,applied scientists and engineers.

关键词： geophysics computational and data science applied science and engineering

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Advances in atmospheric Radiation:Theories,Models,and Their ***Ⅱ:Radiative Transfer Models and Related Applications

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第2期38卷 183-208页

作者： Hua ZHANG Feng ZHANG Lei LIU Yuzhi LIU Husi LETU Yuanjian YANG Zhengqiang LI Kun WU Shuai HU Ming LI Tie DAI Fei WANG Zhili WANG Yuxiang LING Yining SHI Chao LIU State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Institute of Climate System Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 department of atmospheric and Oceanic sciences&Institute of atmospheric sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438 College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073 College of atmospheric sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000 State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 School of atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 School of atmospheric sciences Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 Institute of atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081

The subject of“atmospheric radiation”includes not only fundamental theories on atmospheric gaseous absorption and the scattering and radiative transfer of particles(molecules,cloud,and aerosols),but also their applications in weather,climate,and atmospheric remote sensing,and is an essential part of the atmospheric *** review includes two parts(Part I and PartⅡ);following the first part on gaseous absorption and particle scattering,this part(PartⅡ)reports the progress that has been made in radiative transfer theories,models,and their common applications,focusing particularly on the contributions from Chinese *** recent achievements on radiative transfer models and methods developed for weather and climate studies and for atmospheric remote sensing are firstly ***,the associated applications,such as surface radiation estimation,satellite remote sensing algorithms,radiative parameterization for climate models,and radiative-forcing related climate change studies are summarized,which further reveals the importance of radiative transfer theories and models.

关键词： atmospheric radiation radiative transfer remote sensing radiative forcing climate change

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Seasonal Variation of the Sea Surface Temperature Growth Rate of ENSO

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2024年第3期41卷 465-477页

作者： Xinyi XING Xianghui FANG Da PANG Chaopeng JI department of atmospheric and Oceanic sciences and Institute of atmospheric sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction Shanghai 200438China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocean-land-atmosphere Boundary Dynamics and Climate Change Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) exhibits a distinctive phase-locking characteristic, first expressed during its onset in boreal spring, developing during summer and autumn, reaching its peak towards winter, and decaying over the next spring. Several studies have demonstrated that this feature arises as a result of seasonal variation in the growth rate of ENSO as expressed by the sea surface temperature(SST). The bias towards simulating the phase locking of ENSO by many state-of-the-art climate models is also attributed to the unrealistic depiction of the growth rate. In this study, the seasonal variation of SST growth rate in the Ni?o-3.4 region(5°S–5°N, 120°–170°W) is estimated in detail based on the mixed layer heat budget equation and recharge oscillator model during 1981–2020. It is suggested that the consideration of a variable mixed layer depth is essential to its diagnostic process. The estimated growth rate has a remarkable seasonal cycle with minimum rates occurring in spring and maximum rates evident in autumn. More specifically, the growth rate derived from the meridional advection(surface heat flux) is positive(negative) throughout the year. Vertical diffusion generally makes a negative contribution to the evolution of growth rate and the magnitude of vertical entrainment represents the smallest contributor. Analysis indicates that the zonal advective feedback is regulated by the meridional immigration of the intertropical convergence zone, which approaches its southernmost extent in February and progresses to its northernmost location in September, and dominates the seasonal variation of the SST growth rate.

关键词： SST growth rate intertropical convergence zone zonal advective feedback mixed layer depth ENSO seasonal variation

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Four decades of full-scale nitrous oxide emission inventory in China

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 137-149页

作者： Minqi Liang Zheyan Zhou Peiyang Ren Han Xiao Xu-Ri Zhongmin Hu Shilong Piao Hanqin Tian Qing Tong Feng Zhou Jing Wei Wenping Yuan School of atmospheric sciences Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon Cycle Sun Yat-sen University State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province Hainan University Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking University Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Boston College Institute of Energy Environment and Economy Tsinghua University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)

China is among the top nitrous oxide（N2O）-emitting countries, but existing national inventories do not provide full-scale emissions including both natural and anthropogenic sources. We conducted a four-decade（1980–2020） of comprehensive quantification of Chinese N2O inventory using empirical emission factor method for anthropogenic sources and two up-to-date process-based models for natural sources. Total N2O emissions peaked at 2287.4（1774.8–2799.9） Gg N2O yr-1in 2018, and agriculture-developed regions, like the East, Northeast, and Central, were the top N2O-emitting regions. Agricultural N2O emissions have started to decrease after 2016 due to the decline of nitrogen fertilization applications, while, industrial and energetic sources have been dramatically increasing after 2005. N2O emissions from agriculture, industry,energy, and waste represented 49.3%, 26.4%, 17.5%, and 6.7% of the anthropogenic emissions in 2020,respectively, which revealed that it is imperative to prioritize N2O emission mitigation in agriculture,industry, and energy. Natural N2O sources, dominated by forests, have been steadily growing from 317.3（290.3–344.1） Gg N2O yr-1in 1980 to 376.2（335.5–407.2） Gg N2O yr-1in 2020. Our study produces a Full-scale Annual N2O dataset in China（FAN2020）, providing emergent counting to refine the current national N2O inventories.

关键词： nitrous oxide four decades anthropogenic sources natural sources

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Revisiting East Asian monsoon change during the Last Glacial Maximum using PMIP4 simulations

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atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第3期17卷 47-52页

作者： Zhiping Tian Institute of atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

利用PMIP4多模式试验数据,本文重新检查了末次冰盛期(距今约21000年)东亚季风变化.结果表明:相对于工业革命前期,所有5个模式一致模拟显示末次冰盛期东亚季风减弱,冬季和夏季减幅分别为1%-18%和2-32%;不同模式中东亚季风环流变化的空间... 详细信息

利用PMIP4多模式试验数据,本文重新检查了末次冰盛期(距今约21000年)东亚季风变化.结果表明:相对于工业革命前期,所有5个模式一致模拟显示末次冰盛期东亚季风减弱,冬季和夏季减幅分别为1%-18%和2-32%;不同模式中东亚季风环流变化的空间分布存在差异,这主要源于该时期大尺度变冷和海平面气压梯度变化的空间分布不同;由于模式之间的差异和重建记录之间的不确定性,未来有待开展更多模拟和重建工作以更好地理解冰期东亚季风变化.

关键词：末次冰盛期东亚冬季风东亚夏季风 PMIP4试验

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Revealing the stability origins of 596 days-humidity-stable semitransparentperovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 208-216页

作者： Tian Chen Ying Yang Congtan Zhu Weihuang Lin Qilin Dai Xueyi Guo School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083HunanChina department of Chemistry Physics and Atmospheric SciencesJackson State UniversityJacksonMS 39217USA

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites(HOIPs)hold promise in the field of optoelectronics due to their excellent photoelectric conversion ***,the ion migration and hygroscopicity of these perovskite solar cells need to be ***,we presented semitransparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs)using hole transport layer(HTL)combined with polyaniline(PANI)to stabilize HTL/perovskite interface,achieving a humidity durability(RH,50%-90%)for 596 days(14304 h)without ***,the decrease in hydrolysis products(LiF)showed the interaction between PANI with the addi-tives in HTL dramatically inhibited the water uptake and corrosion on MAPbI_(3),*** PANI modified samples had a higher I/Pb ratio and lower trap state density,which indicated the passivation effect of PANI on the uncoordinated Pb^(2+)and iodine ***,PANI successfully stabilized the interface and perovskite by inhibiting the formation of Pb^(0) and Au migration as long period *** work presented an interfacial design to develop HOiP in air with high humidity stability.

关键词： HTL/perovskite interface Polyaniline-passivation Humidity-degradation mechanism lon migration

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Development and application of photocatalytic coating for roadside NO_(x) mitigation in Hong Kong

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 153-157页

作者： Xinwei Li Pengge Wang Shuwen Han Yu Huang Wingkei Ho Steven Sai Hang Ho Shun-cheng Lee Meng Wang department of Civil and environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology(SKLLQG)and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710061China department of Science and environmental Studies The Education University of Hong KongHong KongChina Division of atmospheric sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNV 89512United States

A facile chemical method for the development of photocatalytic coating products was proposed based on practical application perspective for the Hong Kong roadside nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))***_(2)-based photocatalytic coating PC-C film with crystallized size of around 5–6 nm was synthesized with the peptization of H_(2)O_(2).The PC-C coating possesses a super-hydrophilicity surface and is proven to have a NO_(x)degradation rate of 46.8%with an optimum pH level of *** addition,the PC-C coating presents a promising photocatalytic NO_(x)degradation compared with other commercially available coating products and P25 when applied on two building materials of poly-methyl methacrylate(PMMA)and concrete surface.A weather resistance simulation and a 180-day on-site field trial were carried out the attenuation effects of photocatalytic coating applied in outdoor *** on epidemiological estimation and field investigation,hospital admissions for respiratory diseases(HARD)and mortality cases(MC)could be reduced with the application of PC-C coating along the street *** work demonstrates the feasibility of air pollution control measures for the local roadside NO_(x)using photocatalytic technology,offering promising health benefits with environmental remediation.

关键词： Photocatalysis Coating NO_(x) mitigation Hong Kong Roadside

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