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Application-driven development of a thermal imaging-based cabin occupant thermal sensation assessment model and its validation

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Building Simulation 2024年第8期17卷 1401-1417页

作者： Junmeng Lyu Yuxin Yang Yongxiang Shi Zhiwei Lian department of architecture School of DesignShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

The air conditioning(A/C)of cabins allows for customized control,but manual adjustments may distract drivers,as well as result in energy *** existing thermal sensation models require complex inputs,which are challenging to gather whilst *** address this issue,this study developed a non-contact thermal sensation model for cabin occupants based on thermal imaging *** collect actual data used for modeling,an outdoor subject experiment was *** this study,initial training was conducted to compare the performance of six algorithms in building the model,with random forests algorithm showing the best ***,this study employed the recursive feature elimination(RFE)method with cross-validation algorithm for identifying the key *** the end,the model was retrained using the selected *** model that incorporated both environmental parameters and facial-temperature features demonstrated the best performance,with an R2 of 0.659 on the test *** the hard-to-measure windshield surface temperature resulted in a slight reduction in accuracy,yielding an R2 of *** verify the generalizability of the model,this study further conducted independent validation *** selected model,which exhibited a mean absolute error(MAE)of less than 0.4 in thermal sensation units,was proven to be highly *** results can offer new solutions for automatic control of cabin A/C.

关键词： model assessment thermal imaging vehicle air conditioner thermal sensation transient cabin indoor environment

An iterative Rankine boundary element method for wave diffraction of a ship with forward speed

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2014年第5期26卷 818-826页

作者：何广华 School of Naval architecture and Ocean Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai department of Naval architecture and Ocean Engineering Osaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan

A 3-D time-domain seakeeping analysis tool has been newly developed by using a higher-order boundary element method with the Rankine source as the kernel function. An iterative time-marching scheme for updating both kinematic and dynamic free-surface boundary conditions is adopted for achieving numerical accuracy and stability. A rectangular computational domain moving with the mean speed of ship is introduced. A damping beach at the outer portion of the truncated free surface is installed for satisfying the radiation condition. After numerical convergence checked, the diffraction unsteady problem of a Wigley hull traveling with a constant forward speed in waves is studied. Extensive results including wave exciting forces, wave patterns and pressure distributions on the hull are presented to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed 3-D time-domain iterative Rankine BEM approach. Computed results are compared to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data and other published numerical solutions.

关键词： Rankine panel method higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM) iterative scheme Wigley hull wave exciting forces

Analytical study of performance evaluation for seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete building using 3D dynamic nonlinear finite element analysis

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2011年第2期10卷 291-302页

作者： Yuichi Sato Shinichi Kajihara Yoshio Kaneko department of architecture and Architectural Engineering Kyoto University Technology Center Taisei Corporation

This paper presents three-dimensional finite element （FE） analyses of an all-frame model of a three-story reinforced concrete （RC） building damaged in the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi Earthquake. Non-structural brick walls of the building acted as a seismic resistant element although their contributions were neglected in the design. Hence, the entire structure of a typical frame was modeled and static and dynamic nonlinear analyses were conducted to evaluate the contributions of the brick walls. However, the results of the analyses were considerably overestimated due to coarse mesh discretizations, which were unavoidable due to limited computer resources. This study corrects the overestimations by modifying （1） the tensile strengths and （2） shear stiffness reduction factors of concrete and brick. The results indicate that brick walls improve frame strength although shear failures are caused in columns shortened by spandrel walls. Then, the effectiveness of three types of seismic retrofits is evaluated. The maximum drift of the first floor is reduced by 89.3%, 94.8%, and 27.5% by Steel-confined, FuI1-RC, and Full-brick models, respectively. Finally, feasibility analyses of models with soils were conducted. The analyses indicated that the soils elongate the natural period of building models although no significant differences were observed.

关键词： reinforced concrete 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake nonlinear finite element analysis seismic retrofit brick wall

Revisiting thermal comfort and thermal sensation

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Building Simulation 2024年第2期17卷 185-188页

作者： Zhiwei Lian department of architecture Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China

The thermal environment is closely intertwined with comfort,health,efficiency,and building energy *** Comfort stands as a crucial concept for evaluating the thermal environment,yet the prevailing evaluation metric is Thermal *** correspondence between genuine Thermal Comfort and Thermal Sensation is influenced by a variety of environmental factors.

关键词： thermal Comfort prevailing

The impacts of evaluation indices and normalization methods on E-TOPSIS optimization of return vent height for an impinging jet ventilation system

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Building Simulation 2022年第12期15卷 2081-2095页

作者： Chao Qin Shi-Hai Wu Hong-Qiang Fang Wei-Zhen Lu department of architecture and Civil Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of architecture and Art Central South UniversityChangshaChina

Stratified air distribution(STRAD)systems have been intensively investigated in recent decades for their energy-saving potential and good indoor air quality ***,the evaluation indices used to optimize STRAD systems and the normalization methods for weight calculation vary from one research to *** study aims to investigate the impacts of evaluation indices on the optimal return vent height of a room cooled by an impinging jet ventilation system(one type of STRAD system).The effects of several widely used normalization methods(i.e.,vector normalization,sum normalization,min-max normalization,and no normalization)on indices weights are *** evaluation indices are cooling coil load(Q_(coil)),energy-saving potential(ΔQ_(coil)),mean age of air(MAA),CO_(2) mass fraction,temperature difference between the head and ankles(ΔT_(0.1-1.1)),predicted mean vote(PMV),predicted percentage of dissatisfied(PPD),and draft rate(DR).The multi-criteria optimization method is the entropy-based technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(E-TOPSIS).As a result,the min-max normalization method evens the weight of each index and results in unreasonable relative ***,the raw matrix(i.e.,the normalization is omitted)is suggested for weight *** these indices,ΔT_(0.1-1.1) and PPD play critical ***ΔT_(0.1-1.1),the optimal return vent height changes from mid-level to near-floor,while without PPD,it changes to *** important result is that the Q_(coil) plays the most trivial role,followed by MAA and ***,the optimal return vent height is not determined by energy-saving performance but by performances of thermal comfort.

关键词： evaluation indices normalization method impinging jet ventilation return vent height E-TOPSIS

Evaluating diverse patterns of occupant behavior regarding control-based activities in energy performance simulation

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2018年第2期7卷 167-179页

作者： Basak Gucyeter department of architecture Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Eskisehir Osmangazi University Eskisehir Turkey

Simulation is recognized as an effective tool for building energy performance assessment during design or retrofit processes. Nevertheless, simulation models yield deviating outcomes from the actual building performance and a significant portion of this deviation originates from the dynamic nature of occupant behavior. Literature on occupant behavior indicates that occupant behavior is not integrated into building energy performance assessment procedures with appropriate resolution, instead they are accepted as assumed and fixed data sets that usually represent the presence of occupants. This study attempts to evaluate the effect of diverse patterns of occupant behavior on energy performance simulation for office buildings. Diverse levels of sensitivity of occupant behavior on control-based activities such as using lighting apparatus, adjusting thermostat settings, and presence in space are employed through three diverse occupant behavior patterns. These occupancy patterns are correlated with three identical office spaces simulated within a conceptual office building. EDSL Tas is used to run building energy performance simulations. Effects of occupant behavior patterns on simulation outcomes are compared for five sample winter and summer workdays, with respect to heating and cooling loads. Results present findings on how diversity of occupancy profiles influences the consumption outcomes.

关键词： Occupant behavior Building energy performance assessment Modeling and simulation Probabilistic approaches

Development of a fully coupled aero-hydro-mooring-elastic tool for floating offshore wind turbines

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2019年第1期31卷 21-33页

作者： Yuanchuan Liu Qing Xiao department of Naval architecture Ocean and Marine EngineeringUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK

A floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) is a coupled system where a wind turbine with flexible blades interacts with a moored platform in wind and *** paper presents a high-fidelity aero-hydro-mooring-elastic analysis tool developed for FOWT applications.A fully coupled analysis is carried out for an OC4 semi-submersible FOWT under a combined wind/wave *** of the FOWT are investigated in terms of platform hydrodynamics,mooring dynamics,wind turbine aerodynamics and blade structural *** between the FOWT and fluid flow are also analysed by visualising results obtained via the CFD *** this work,the capabilities of the tool developed are demonstrated and impacts of different parts of the system on each other are investigated.

关键词： Floating offshore wind turbine fluid-structure interaction blade elasticity mooring dynamics OpenFOAM

Lyapunov stability of competitive cells dynamics in tumor mechanobiology

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2021年第2期37卷 244-263页

作者： Angelo Rosario Carotenuto Arsenio Cutolo Stefania Palumbo Massimiliano Fraldi department of Structures for Engineering and architecture University of Napoli Federico IINapoliItaly

Poromechanics plays a key role in modelling hard and soft tissue behaviours,by providing a thermodynamic framework in which chemo-mechanical mutual interactions among fluid and solid constituents can be consistently rooted,at different scale *** this context,how different biological species(including cells,extra-cellular components and chemical metabolites)interplay within complex environments is studied for characterizing the mechanobiology of tumor growth,governed by intra-tumoral residual stresses that initiate mechanotransductive processes deregulating normal tissue homeostasis and leading to tissue *** the coupling between tumor poroelasticity and interspecific competitive dynamics has recently highlighted how microscopic cells and environment interactions influence growth-associated stresses and tumor pathophysiology,the nonlinear interlacing among biochemical factors and mechanics somehow hindered the possibility of gaining qualitative insights into cells *** by this,in the present work we recover the linear poroelasticity in order to benefit of a reduced complexity,so first deriving the well-known Lyapunov stability criterion from the thermodynamic dissipation principle and then analysing the stability of the mechanical competition among cells fighting for common space and resources during cancer growth and *** the end,the linear poroelastic model enriched by interspecific dynamics is also exploited to show how growth anisotropy can alter the stress field in spherical tumor masses,by thus indirectly affecting cell mechano-sensing.

关键词： Tumor growth Poroelasticity Cells competition Volterra-Lotka dynamics Stability

Joining Paths and Dividing Paths： Juiz de Fora, Brazil

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Journal of Civil Engineering and architecture 2013年第9期7卷 1157-1163页

作者： Luciane Tasca Antonio Colchete Filho Victor Nascimento department of architecture and urbanism University of Juiz de Fora Juiz de Fora/MG 36036-330 Brazil

The aim of this paper is to present the urban history of Juiz de Fora, a city with some 500,000 inhabitants in southeastern Brazil, and discuss how strategic decisions about the planning and construction of roads and highways can determine ways of life in a city. While paths may integrate landholdings and territories, they may also segregate communities and environments, causing deep rifts in the fabric of urban and land areas. The growth of Juiz de Fora is particularly marked by the construction of paths. This article reviews the local urban history from the establishment of paths in the city, to an analysis of the major impact and benefits they have had, notably on the local economy and demographics, as well as on the conservation of the local environment： Issues that are frequently relegated to a secondary role in the cost-benefit analysis of the city＇s planning decisions. After analysis of the case study, the authors concluded that citizens should be included on the agenda of the city, from spectators to actors of daily urban life.

关键词： Paths urban form highways planning history Juiz de Fora Brazil.