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Biodegradability of bioplastics in different aquatic environments:A systematic review

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 169-181页

作者： Maria Cristina Lavagnolo Valentina Poli Anna Maria Zampini Valentina Grossule department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering-Laboratory of Environmental EngineeringUniversity of PadovaLungargine Rovetta 8Padova 35100Italy

Bioplastics were first introduced as environmentally friendly materials,with properties similar to those of conventional plastics.A bioplastic is defined as biodegradable if it can be decomposed into carbon dioxide under aerobic degradation,or methane and CO_(2)under anaerobic conditions,inorganic compounds,and new cellular biomass,by the action of naturally occurring *** definition however does not provide any information on the environmental conditions,timescale and extent at which decomposition processes should *** regard to the aquatic environment,recognized standards have been established to assess the ability of plastics to undergo biodegradation;however,these standards fail to provide clear targets to be met to allow labelling of a bioplastic as ***,these standards grant the user an extensive leeway in the choice of process *** these reasons,the comparison of results deriving from different studies is *** authors analysed and discussed the degree of biodegradability of a series of biodegradable bioplastics in aquatic environments(both fresh and salt water)using the results obtained in the laboratory and from on-site testing in the context of different research *** Oxygen Demand(BOD),CO_(2)evolution,surface erosion and weight loss were the main parameters used by researchers to describe the percentage of *** results showed a large variability both in weight loss and BOD,even when evaluating the same type of *** confirms the need for a reference range of values to be established with regard to parameters applied in defining the biodegradability of bioplastics.

关键词： Biodegradation Bioplastic Plastic Natural environment Plastic waste

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Investigation of acoustic attributes based on preference and perceptional acoustics of Korean traditional halls for optimal design solutions

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Building Simulation 2024年第5期17卷 723-738页

作者： Beta Bayu Santika Haram Lee Jin Yong Jeon department of architectural engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763R.O.Korea

Immersed in the rich tapestry of traditional culture,Gugak,the traditional Korean music stands as a captivating embodiment of artistic *** study embarked on a comprehensive evaluation of a Gugak hall,employing acoustic measurements,computer simulations,and subjective perception *** evaluation focused on the reverberance,clarity,spatial impression,and preference,unravelling the secrets that shape the immersive Gugak *** intricate computer simulations and auralization,the experience of Gugak performances was meticulously brought to life,allowing exploration under diverse conditions by adjusting stage volume ratios from -20% to+20% and modifying the interior materials,including the walls,ceiling,and lateral *** Gugak halls exhibited relatively low values of reverberation time(RT),early decay time(EDT),and binaural quality index(BQI)the dominant factor influencing the acoustic environment was the effect of sound strength(G).Musical clarity(C80)value did not show an inverse proportionality to the reverberation ***,genre differences between traditional Korean and Western classical music did not significantly affect listeners’perception and satisfaction with regards to reverberance,clarity,and spatial *** a result,Gugak halls can adhere to the same acoustic design criteria as Western orchestra halls,since this study found that people perceived them the same *** this study,sound strength was found to be strongly correlated with perception *** was possible to enhance listeners’perception and preference regarding the acoustic environment through material and structural changes to the sidewalls and *** changes improved the reinforcement of low frequencies and simultaneously enhanced the relative effect of side ***,enhancing the reflection and spatial characteristics of the materials effectively improved listener *** on these findings,an optimal des

关键词： Korean traditional hall acoustical parameters perceptual evaluation acoustic preference stage volume ratio

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An inverse analysis of fluid flow through granular media using differentiable lattice Boltzmann method

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2077-2090页

作者： Qiuyu Wang Krishna Kumar department of Civil Architectural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Texas at AustinAustin78712-2100USA

This study presents a method for the inverse analysis of fluid flow *** focus is put on accurately determining boundary conditions and characterizing the physical properties of granular media,such as permeability,and fluid components,like *** primary aim is to deduce either constant pressure head or pressure profiles,given the known velocity field at a steady-state flow through a conduit containing obstacles,including walls,spheres,and *** lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)combined with automatic differentiation(AD)(AD-LBM)is employed,with the help of the GPU-capable Taichi programming language.A lightweight tape is used to generate gradients for the entire LBM simulation,enabling end-to-end *** AD-LBM approach accurately estimates the boundary conditions for complex flow paths in porous media,leading to observed steady-state velocity fields and deriving macro-scale permeability and fluid *** method demonstrates significant advantages in terms of prediction accuracy and computational efficiency,making it a powerful tool for solving inverse fluid flow problems in various applications.

关键词： Inverse problem Fluid flow Granular media Automatic differentiation(AD) Lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)

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Exhaust hood performance and its improvement technologies in industrial buildings:A literatu rereview

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Building Simulation 2024年第1期17卷 23-40页

作者： Jing Zhang Jian Wang Jun Gao Weimin Zhang architectural engineering Institute Jinhua PolytechnicJinhua 321017China Institute of HVAC engineering Schoolof Mechanical EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Tongji architectural Design(Group)Co .LtdShanghai 200092China

The pollutant control performance of exhaust hoods plays a crucial role in the indoor air quality and energy consumption of ventilation systems in industrial *** better understand the impact of local ventilation on the industrial indoor environment,this paper presents a literature review of exhaust hood performance and its improvement *** create an index for evaluating the performance of exhaust hoods,the capture velocity,capture efficiency,flow ratio of pollutant emissions and exhaust airflow and energy consumption are first introduced.A number of factors affecting exhaust hood performance are assessed such as hood type,hood opening size,exhaust rate,installation distance,pollution source emission and environmental *** to structural improvement methods,the use of active airflow is a more effective way to improve the exhaust hood *** most commonly used methods for determining the exhaust rate are the controlled speed method and the flow ratio *** use of an exhaust hood with an appropriate exhaust rate and jet parameters(for an active air-assisted hood)can effectively improve the pollutant control performance and reduce the energy consumption that would be wasted on the redundant exhaust *** more information focused on exhaust hood performance,this work suggests more effective strategies for improving indoor air quality and reducing energy consumption in industrial buildings.

关键词： industrial ventilation exhaust hood capture efficiency exhaust rate performance improvement

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Simultaneous removal of critical rare earth elements and chalcogen oxyanions by anaerobic granular sludge

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Rare Metals 2024年第9期43卷 4595-4611页

作者： Chiara Belloni Mohanakrishnan Logan Stefano Papirio Piet N.L.Lens University of Galway department of Civil Architectural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Naples Federico II

Conventional mining of economically and strategically important critical rare earth elements(REEs)(such as neodymium, lanthanum and dysprosium), and chalcogens(such as selenium and tellurium) are associated with a huge economic and environmental cost. Therefore,the need to recover REEs as well as chalcogens from different waste streams including wastewaters is becoming urgent. Batch assays on synthetic chalcogen/REE-laden wastewater showed that the presence of REEs significantly improved the tellurite removal rate(> 80%) and enhanced selenate removal by 66% ± 10%. Three 3.9 L continuous upflow anaerobic granular sludge bed(UASB) reactors were operated at a hydraulic retention time of 24 h and30 °C. Selenate reduction was achieved with a removal efficiency of ～ 98% with an influent p H of 4.0 for more than 28 days. The effect of REEs on tellurite removal in the UASB bioreactor could not be clearly established since a soluble tellurium removal efficiency of more than 98%was observed already before the addition of REEs at elevated tellurite concentrations. The complete REE removal in both batch assays and UASB reactors at higher pH (7.0 ± 0.5) was attributed to precipitation, whereas chalcogen oxyanions removal was due to microbial reduction. However, at acidic p H, biosorption was responsible for REE's removal, and the Se-enriched sludge exhibited a superior REE's removal efficiency than the non-enriched and Te-enriched sludge.

关键词： Rare earth elements Selenium Tellurium Bioreduction Adsorption BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT WASTE-WATER RECOVERY SULFATE NANOPARTICLES EXPLORATION RESOURCES REDUCTION TELLURIUM SELENITE

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A novel low-cost visual ear tag based identification system for precision beef cattle livestock farming

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2024年第1期11卷 117-126页

作者： Andrea Pretto Gianpaolo Savio Flaviana Gottardo Francesca Uccheddu Gianmaria Concheri department of Civil Environmental and Architectural EngineeringUniversity of PaduaItaly department of Animal Medicine Production and HealthUniversity of PadovaItaly department of Industrial engineering University of PadovaItaly

The precision livestock farming(PLF)has the objective to maximize each animal's performance while reducing the environmental impact and maintaining the quality and safety of meat *** the PLF techniques,the personalised management of each individual animal based on sensors systems,represents a viable *** is worth noting that the implementation of an effective PLF approach can be still expensive,especially for small and medium-sized farms;for this reason,to guarantee the sustainability of a customized livestock management system and encourage its use,plug and play and cost-effective systems are *** this context,we present a novel low-cost method for identifying beef cattle and recognizing their basic activities by a single surveillance *** leveraging the current state-of-the-art methods for real-time object detection,(i.e.,YOLOv3)cattle's face areas,we propose a novel mechanism able to detect the ear tag as well as the water ingestion state when the cattle is close to the *** cow IDs are read by an Optical Character Recognition(OCR)algorithm for which,an ad hoc error correction algorithm is here presented to avoid numbers misreading and correctly match the IDs to only actually present *** to the detection of the tag position,the OCR algorithm can be applied only to a specific region of interest reducing the computational cost and the time *** times for the areas are outputted as cattle activity recognition *** results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method,showing a mAP@0.50 of 89%.

关键词： Precision livestock farming Deep learning Cattlei dentification Low-cost sensors Computer vision

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Deep learning to develop zero-equation based turbulence model for CFD simulations of the built environment

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Building Simulation 2024年第3期17卷 399-414页

作者： Giovanni Calzolari Wei Liu Division of Sustainable Buildings Department of Civil and Architectural EngineeringKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyBrinnelvägen 23Stockholm11428Sweden

This study aims to improve the accuracy and speed of predictions for thermal comfort and air quality in built environments by creating a coupled framework between computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations and deep learning *** coupling approach is showcased by the development of a data-driven turbulence *** new turbulence model is built using a deep learning neural network,whose mapping structure is based on a zero-equation turbulence model for built environment simulations,and is coupled with the CFD software OpenFOAM to create a hybrid *** neural network is a standard shallow multi-layer *** number of hidden layers and nodes per layer was optimized using Bayesan optimization *** framework is trained on an indoor environment case study,as well as tested on an indoor office simulation and an outdoor building array *** show that the deep learning based turbulence model is more robust and faster than traditional two-equation Reynolds average Navier-Stokes(RANS)turbulence models,while maintaining a similar level of *** model also outperforms the standard algebraic zero-equation model due to its superior ability to generalize to various flow *** some challenges,namely the mapping constraint,the limited training dataset size and the source of generation of training data,the hybrid framework demonstrates the viability of the coupling technique and serves as a starting point for future development of more reliable and advanced models.

关键词： neural networks computational fluid dynamics(CFD) turbulence model OpenFOAM

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A theory for three-dimensional response of micropolar plates

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第8期45卷 1403-1414页

作者： Dianwu HUANG Linghui HE College of Civil engineering and architectural Jiaxing University department of Modern Mechanics and State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China

Through combined applications of the transfer-matrix method and asymptotic expansion technique, we formulate a theory to predict the three-dimensional response of micropolar plates. No ad hoc assumptions regarding through-thickness assumptions of the field variables are made, and the governing equations are two-dimensional, with the displacements and microrotations of the mid-plane as the unknowns. Once the deformation of the mid-plane is solved, a three-dimensional micropolar elastic field within the plate is generated, which is exact up to the second order except in the boundary region close to the plate edge. As an illustrative example, the bending of a clamped infinitely long plate caused by a uniformly distributed transverse force is analyzed and discussed in detail.

关键词： 74H45 asymptotic expansion micropolar plate O341 three-dimensional response transfer-matrix

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In situ infrared, Raman and X-ray spectroscopy for the mechanistic understanding of hydrogen evolution reaction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 632-651,I0014页

作者： Andi Haryanto Kyounghoon Jung Chan Woo Lee Dong-Wan Kim department of Chemistry Kookmin UniversitySeoul 02707Republic of Korea School of Civil Environmental and Architectural EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea

Hydrogen production by water reduction reactions has received considerable attention because hydrogen is considered a clean-energy carrier,key for a sustainable energy *** methods have been widely used to study the reaction mechanism of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),but the calculation results need to be supported by experimental results and direct evidence to confirm the mechanistic *** this review,we discuss the fundamental principles of the in situ spectroscopic strategy and a theoretical model for a mechanistic understanding of the *** addition,we investigate recent studies by in situ Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),Raman spectroscopy,and X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS) and cover new findings that occur at the catalyst-electrolyte interface during *** spectroscopic strategies provide practical ways to elucidate catalyst phase,reaction intermediate,catalyst-electrolyte interface,intermediate binding energy,metal valency state,and coordination environment during HER.

关键词： Hydrogen evolution reaction Infrared spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy X-ray absorption spectroscopy Reaction mechanism

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The Influence of CO_(2) Cured Manganese Slag on the Performance andMechanical Properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第8期20卷 1717-1730页

作者： Ligai Bai Guihua Yang School of architectural engineering North China Institute of Aerospace EngineeringLangfang065000China

The presence of toxic elements in manganese slag(MSG)poses a threat to the environment due to potential *** CO_(2) curing on MS offers a promising approach to immobilize toxic substances within this material,thereby mitigating their release into the natural *** study investigates the impact of CO_(2) cured MS on various rheological parameters,including slump flow,plastic viscosity(η),and yield shear stress(τ).Additionally,it assesses flexural and compressive strengths(f_(t) and f_(cu)),drying shrinkage rates(DSR),durability indicators(chloride ion migration coefficient(CMC),carbonization depth(CD)),and the leaching behavior of heavy metal *** examination via scanning electron microscopy(SEM)is employed to elucidate the underlying *** results indicate that CO_(2) curing significantly enhances the slump flow of ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC)by up to 51.2%.Moreover,it reduces UHPC’sηandτby rates ranging from 0%to 52.7%and 0%to 40.2%,*** DSR exhibits a linear increase corresponding to the mass ratio of CO_(2) cured ***,CO_(2) curing enhances both f_(t) and f_(cu) of UHPC by up to 28.7%and 17.6%,*** electrical resistance is also improved,showing an increase of up to 53.7%.The relationship between mechanical strengths and electrical resistance follows a cubic *** CO_(2) cured MS demonstrates a notable decrease in the CMC and CD by rates ranging from 0%to 52.6%and 0%to 26.1%,*** reductions of leached chromium(Cr)and manganese(Mn)are up to 576.3%and 1312.7%,***,CO_(2) curing also enhances the compactness of UHPC,thereby demonstrating its potential to improve both mechanical and durability properties.

关键词： CO_(2)curing manganese slag steel fibers mechanical strengths salt action

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